This page is part of the FHIR for FAIR - FHIR Implementation Guide (v0.1.0: STU 1 (FHIR R4b) Ballot 1) based on FHIR v4.1.0. The current version which supercedes this version is 1.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions
Defining URL: | http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/ResearchStudy-uv-f4f |
Version: | 0.1.0 |
Name: | ResearchStudyF4F |
Title: | ResearchStudy (Study Level Medatata) |
Status: | Active as of 12/5/21 12:01 AM |
Definition: | This profile defines how to use the ResearchStudy resource to convey metadata information for a FAIR collection of data at the study level realized by using HL7 FHIR |
Publisher: | Health Level Seven International - SOA Work Group |
Source Resource: | XML / JSON / Turtle |
The official URL for this profile is:
http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/ResearchStudy-uv-f4f
Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.
This structure is derived from ResearchStudy
This structure is derived from ResearchStudy
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
ResearchStudy | 0..* | ResearchStudy | Investigation to increase healthcare-related patient-independent knowledge | |
Slices for extension | 0..* | Extension | Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |
persistentUrl | 0..1 | url | Persistent URL extension URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/persistentUrl | |
copyright | 0..1 | markdown | Copyright and Licence URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/copyright | |
researchStudy-context | 0..* | UsageContext | Usage Context (ResearchStudy) URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/researchStudy-context | |
identifier | S | 0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for study |
title | S | 0..1 | string | Name for this study |
status | S | 1..1 | code | active | administratively-completed | approved | closed-to-accrual | closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | completed | disapproved | in-review | temporarily-closed-to-accrual | temporarily-closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | withdrawn |
primaryPurposeType | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | treatment | prevention | diagnostic | supportive-care | screening | health-services-research | basic-science | device-feasibility |
relatedArtifact | S | 0..* | RelatedArtifactF4F | Related artifacts for a knowledge resource |
description | S | 0..1 | markdown | What this is study doing |
objective | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | A goal for the study |
Documentation for this format |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
ResearchStudy | 0..* | ResearchStudy | Investigation to increase healthcare-related patient-independent knowledge | |
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact |
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource |
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created |
language | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred) Max Binding: AllLanguages: IETF language tag | |
text | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation | |
contained | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |
Slices for extension | 0..* | Extension | Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |
persistentUrl | 0..1 | url | Persistent URL extension URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/persistentUrl | |
copyright | 0..1 | markdown | Copyright and Licence URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/copyright | |
researchStudy-context | 0..* | UsageContext | Usage Context (ResearchStudy) URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/researchStudy-context | |
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored |
identifier | SΣ | 0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for study |
title | SΣ | 0..1 | string | Name for this study |
protocol | Σ | 0..* | Reference(PlanDefinition) | Steps followed in executing study |
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(ResearchStudy) | Part of larger study |
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | active | administratively-completed | approved | closed-to-accrual | closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | completed | disapproved | in-review | temporarily-closed-to-accrual | temporarily-closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | withdrawn Binding: ResearchStudyStatus (required): Codes that convey the current status of the research study. |
primaryPurposeType | SΣ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | treatment | prevention | diagnostic | supportive-care | screening | health-services-research | basic-science | device-feasibility Binding: ResearchStudyPrimaryPurposeType (extensible): Codes for the main intent of the study. |
phase | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | n-a | early-phase-1 | phase-1 | phase-1-phase-2 | phase-2 | phase-2-phase-3 | phase-3 | phase-4 Binding: ResearchStudyPhase (example): Codes for the stage in the progression of a therapy from initial experimental use in humans in clinical trials to post-market evaluation. |
category | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Classifications for the study Binding: (unbound) (example): Codes that describe the type of research study. E.g. Study phase, Interventional/Observational, blinding type, etc. |
focus | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Drugs, devices, etc. under study Binding: (unbound) (example): Codes for medications, devices and other interventions. |
condition | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Condition being studied Binding: Condition/Problem/DiagnosisCodes (example): Identification of the condition or diagnosis. |
contact | Σ | 0..* | ContactDetail | Contact details for the study |
relatedArtifact | S | 0..* | RelatedArtifactF4F | Related artifacts for a knowledge resource |
keyword | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Used to search for the study Binding: (unbound) (example): Words associated with the study that may be useful in discovery. |
location | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Geographic region(s) for study Binding: Jurisdiction ValueSet (extensible): Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use. |
description | S | 0..1 | markdown | What this is study doing |
enrollment | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Group) | Inclusion & exclusion criteria |
period | Σ | 0..1 | Period | When the study began and ended |
sponsor | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | Organization that initiates and is legally responsible for the study |
principalInvestigator | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole) | Researcher who oversees multiple aspects of the study |
site | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Location) | Facility where study activities are conducted |
reasonStopped | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | accrual-goal-met | closed-due-to-toxicity | closed-due-to-lack-of-study-progress | temporarily-closed-per-study-design Binding: ResearchStudyReasonStopped (example): Codes for why the study ended prematurely. |
note | 0..* | Annotation | Comments made about the study | |
arm | 0..* | BackboneElement | Defined path through the study for a subject | |
id | 0..1 | id | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized |
name | 1..1 | string | Label for study arm | |
type | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Categorization of study arm | |
description | 0..1 | string | Short explanation of study path | |
objective | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | A goal for the study |
id | 0..1 | id | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized |
name | 0..1 | string | Label for the objective | |
type | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | primary | secondary | exploratory Binding: ResearchStudyObjectiveType (preferred): Codes for the kind of study objective. | |
Documentation for this format |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
ResearchStudy | 0..* | ResearchStudy | Investigation to increase healthcare-related patient-independent knowledge | |
identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for study |
title | Σ | 0..1 | string | Name for this study |
status | ?!Σ | 1..1 | code | active | administratively-completed | approved | closed-to-accrual | closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | completed | disapproved | in-review | temporarily-closed-to-accrual | temporarily-closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | withdrawn Binding: ResearchStudyStatus (required): Codes that convey the current status of the research study. |
primaryPurposeType | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | treatment | prevention | diagnostic | supportive-care | screening | health-services-research | basic-science | device-feasibility Binding: ResearchStudyPrimaryPurposeType (extensible): Codes for the main intent of the study. |
relatedArtifact | 0..* | RelatedArtifactF4F | Related artifacts for a knowledge resource | |
description | 0..1 | markdown | What this is study doing | |
objective | 0..* | BackboneElement | A goal for the study | |
Documentation for this format |
This structure is derived from ResearchStudy
Differential View
This structure is derived from ResearchStudy
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
ResearchStudy | 0..* | ResearchStudy | Investigation to increase healthcare-related patient-independent knowledge | |
Slices for extension | 0..* | Extension | Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |
persistentUrl | 0..1 | url | Persistent URL extension URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/persistentUrl | |
copyright | 0..1 | markdown | Copyright and Licence URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/copyright | |
researchStudy-context | 0..* | UsageContext | Usage Context (ResearchStudy) URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/researchStudy-context | |
identifier | S | 0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for study |
title | S | 0..1 | string | Name for this study |
status | S | 1..1 | code | active | administratively-completed | approved | closed-to-accrual | closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | completed | disapproved | in-review | temporarily-closed-to-accrual | temporarily-closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | withdrawn |
primaryPurposeType | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | treatment | prevention | diagnostic | supportive-care | screening | health-services-research | basic-science | device-feasibility |
relatedArtifact | S | 0..* | RelatedArtifactF4F | Related artifacts for a knowledge resource |
description | S | 0..1 | markdown | What this is study doing |
objective | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | A goal for the study |
Documentation for this format |
Snapshot View
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
ResearchStudy | 0..* | ResearchStudy | Investigation to increase healthcare-related patient-independent knowledge | |
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact |
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource |
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created |
language | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred) Max Binding: AllLanguages: IETF language tag | |
text | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation | |
contained | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |
Slices for extension | 0..* | Extension | Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |
persistentUrl | 0..1 | url | Persistent URL extension URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/persistentUrl | |
copyright | 0..1 | markdown | Copyright and Licence URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/copyright | |
researchStudy-context | 0..* | UsageContext | Usage Context (ResearchStudy) URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/fhir-for-fair/StructureDefinition/researchStudy-context | |
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored |
identifier | SΣ | 0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for study |
title | SΣ | 0..1 | string | Name for this study |
protocol | Σ | 0..* | Reference(PlanDefinition) | Steps followed in executing study |
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(ResearchStudy) | Part of larger study |
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | active | administratively-completed | approved | closed-to-accrual | closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | completed | disapproved | in-review | temporarily-closed-to-accrual | temporarily-closed-to-accrual-and-intervention | withdrawn Binding: ResearchStudyStatus (required): Codes that convey the current status of the research study. |
primaryPurposeType | SΣ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | treatment | prevention | diagnostic | supportive-care | screening | health-services-research | basic-science | device-feasibility Binding: ResearchStudyPrimaryPurposeType (extensible): Codes for the main intent of the study. |
phase | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | n-a | early-phase-1 | phase-1 | phase-1-phase-2 | phase-2 | phase-2-phase-3 | phase-3 | phase-4 Binding: ResearchStudyPhase (example): Codes for the stage in the progression of a therapy from initial experimental use in humans in clinical trials to post-market evaluation. |
category | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Classifications for the study Binding: (unbound) (example): Codes that describe the type of research study. E.g. Study phase, Interventional/Observational, blinding type, etc. |
focus | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Drugs, devices, etc. under study Binding: (unbound) (example): Codes for medications, devices and other interventions. |
condition | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Condition being studied Binding: Condition/Problem/DiagnosisCodes (example): Identification of the condition or diagnosis. |
contact | Σ | 0..* | ContactDetail | Contact details for the study |
relatedArtifact | S | 0..* | RelatedArtifactF4F | Related artifacts for a knowledge resource |
keyword | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Used to search for the study Binding: (unbound) (example): Words associated with the study that may be useful in discovery. |
location | Σ | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Geographic region(s) for study Binding: Jurisdiction ValueSet (extensible): Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use. |
description | S | 0..1 | markdown | What this is study doing |
enrollment | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Group) | Inclusion & exclusion criteria |
period | Σ | 0..1 | Period | When the study began and ended |
sponsor | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | Organization that initiates and is legally responsible for the study |
principalInvestigator | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole) | Researcher who oversees multiple aspects of the study |
site | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Location) | Facility where study activities are conducted |
reasonStopped | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | accrual-goal-met | closed-due-to-toxicity | closed-due-to-lack-of-study-progress | temporarily-closed-per-study-design Binding: ResearchStudyReasonStopped (example): Codes for why the study ended prematurely. |
note | 0..* | Annotation | Comments made about the study | |
arm | 0..* | BackboneElement | Defined path through the study for a subject | |
id | 0..1 | id | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized |
name | 1..1 | string | Label for study arm | |
type | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Categorization of study arm | |
description | 0..1 | string | Short explanation of study path | |
objective | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | A goal for the study |
id | 0..1 | id | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized |
name | 0..1 | string | Label for the objective | |
type | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | primary | secondary | exploratory Binding: ResearchStudyObjectiveType (preferred): Codes for the kind of study objective. | |
Documentation for this format |
Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron
Path | Conformance | ValueSet |
ResearchStudy.language | preferred | CommonLanguages Max Binding: AllLanguages |
ResearchStudy.status | required | ResearchStudyStatus |
ResearchStudy.primaryPurposeType | extensible | ResearchStudyPrimaryPurposeType |
ResearchStudy.phase | example | ResearchStudyPhase |
ResearchStudy.category | example | |
ResearchStudy.focus | example | |
ResearchStudy.condition | example | Condition/Problem/DiagnosisCodes |
ResearchStudy.keyword | example | |
ResearchStudy.location | extensible | Jurisdiction ValueSet |
ResearchStudy.reasonStopped | example | ResearchStudyReasonStopped |
ResearchStudy.objective.type | preferred | ResearchStudyObjectiveType |
Id | Path | Details | Requirements |
dom-2 | ResearchStudy | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty() | |
dom-3 | ResearchStudy | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where(((id.exists() and ('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url)))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(uri) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty() | |
dom-4 | ResearchStudy | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty() | |
dom-5 | ResearchStudy | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty() | |
dom-6 | ResearchStudy | A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.meta | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.implicitRules | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.language | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.text | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.extension | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.extension | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.extension:url | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.extension:url | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.extension:copyright | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.extension:copyright | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.extension:context | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.extension:context | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.modifierExtension | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.modifierExtension | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.identifier | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.title | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.protocol | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.partOf | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.status | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.primaryPurposeType | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.phase | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.category | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.focus | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.condition | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.contact | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.relatedArtifact | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.keyword | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.location | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.description | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.enrollment | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.period | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.sponsor | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.principalInvestigator | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.site | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.reasonStopped | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.note | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.arm | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.arm.extension | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.arm.extension | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.arm.modifierExtension | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.arm.modifierExtension | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.arm.name | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.arm.type | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.arm.description | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.objective | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.objective.extension | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.objective.extension | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.objective.modifierExtension | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | ResearchStudy.objective.modifierExtension | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.objective.name | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ele-1 | ResearchStudy.objective.type | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) |