This page is part of the FHIR Specification (v5.0.0: R5 - STU). This is the current published version. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions . Page versions: R5 R4B

14.12 Resource Citation - Content

Clinical Decision Support icon

Work Group

Maturity Level: 1

Trial Use

Security Category: Business

Compartments: No defined compartments

The Citation Resource enables reference to any knowledge artifact for purposes of identification and attribution. The Citation Resource supports existing reference structures and developing publication practices such as versioning, expressing complex contributorship roles, and referencing computable resources.

14.12.1 Scope and Usage

The scope of the Citation Resource is to describe any aspect of identification, location, authorship, and contributorship to a journal article, report, document, resource, or other knowledge artifact. Citations are used extensively in scholarly communication and important for documenting the evidence or source behind statements of fact, opinion, and interpretation. Citations are also used for acknowledgement of the contributions of individuals and groups to the creation and advancement of knowledge.

Across the academic and scientific community citations are used extensively to reference the knowledge artifacts contributing to current work. For any community searching for reports of research or scholarly publications (such as searching MEDLINE) the citations contain the metadata used for such searches. Standardization of citations supports interoperability across citation managers and adaptation to current needs, such as reports being available on preprint servers before 'final' peer-reviewed published form, need to cite datasets or other alternative forms of expression, or the ability to support citation of FHIR Resources where the FHIR Resource represents research or scholarly publication.

Although citations as a concept are certainly not unique to healthcare, their use within healthcare contexts is ubiquitous, especially as part of the need to cite literature references and scientific knowledge as part of supporting evidence. This need is already manifest in references to the Citation resource from other FHIR resources including ResearchStudy, SubstanceDefinition, and DiagnosticReport. In addition, citations of evidence are a critical aspect of evidence-based medicine and structures to represent citation information are a necessary modeling component in the EBM-on-FHIR project. Without a resource dedicated to this concept, evidence-based medicine concepts and approaches would need to rely on extensions and/or non-FHIR-based solutions to exchange citation information, resulting in more complex and difficult to implement and maintain resource types to support evidence-based medicine.

The Resource can accommodate both human and machine readers. The summary element provides human-readable information.

The Citation Resource has multiple elements containing metadata that describe the citation resource itself, and a citedArtifact element containing metadata that describe the article or artifact being cited.

Attribution of scholarly contributions is expressed in the citedArtifact.contributorship element, which has grown more complex as the nature of authorship and the concerns for credit and acknowledgement are increasingly complex. If an individualized attribution structure is not required, the citedArtifact.contributorship.summary element will do.

"Publication" must now cover books, books series, article series, database registries, database updates, and the like. The element, citedArtifact.publicationForm, enables this description. Within citedArtifact.publicationForm, the publishedIn element identifies the largest container (journal, book, database, or newspaper), the periodicRelease element identifies the periodic issue, and the remaining elements (covering dates, language, and pagination) are specific to the artifact being cited.

14.12.2 Boundaries and Relationships

Any resource may have common metadata including publisher, authors, reviewers, editors, endorsers, identifiers and location concepts for the resource. The Citation Resource is expected to be used primarily for citing things that are not FHIR Resources. There is NOT an expectation to provide Citations for most FHIR Resources. However, FHIR Resources can be the subject of Citation Resources when there is additional needs beyond common metadata to use the FHIR Resource as the cited source in other contexts or to support scholarly and scientific contribution attribution to the FHIR Resource content.

The Provenance Resource is used to track the contributions to a resource as it occurs, especially for purposes of confirming authenticity and trust. Citation.citedArtifact.contributorship is used to report the attribution of contributions to the cited artifact, especially for purposes of recognition and acknowledgement, but is not directly reporting the data to support authenticity of the contributions.

The DocumentReference Resource is described as a reference to a document of any kind for any purpose. As the DocumentReference Resource was developed for healthcare data exchange it is modeled to support individualized provenance, security, and artifact relationships as often needed in this context. The Citation Resource was developed for the reference to knowledge artifacts commonly used in scientific and scholarly communication so is modeled to support identification, attribution, classification, status tracking, and representation (summary) of the citation.

Approaches to a citation standard external to FHIR are not well suited for integration with FHIR-based approaches to Evidence and related resources. The MEDLINE citation format is widely used but not extensible for many types of knowledge artifacts that may be cited and not open to community development through open standards development methods. The RIS citation format is widely used but is not a singularly maintained standard and multiple implementations using RIS in different ways leads to confusion and inefficiency.

14.12.3 References to this Resource

Resource References: ArtifactAssessment, itself, DiagnosticReport, Evidence, EvidenceReport... Show 2 more, ResearchStudy and SubstanceDefinition

Structure

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Citation	TU		DomainResource	A description of identification, location, or contributorship of a publication (article or artifact) + Warning: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation Elements defined in Ancestors: id, meta, implicitRules, language, text, contained, extension, modifierExtension Interfaces Implemented: MetadataResource
url	Σ C	0..1	uri	Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI + Warning: URL should not contain \| or # - these characters make processing canonical references problematic
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Identifier for the citation record itself
version	Σ	0..1	string	Business version of the citation record
versionAlgorithm[x]	Σ	0..1		How to compare versions Binding: Version Algorithm (Extensible)
versionAlgorithmString			string
versionAlgorithmCoding			Coding
name	Σ C	0..1	string	Name for this citation record (computer friendly)
title	Σ T	0..1	string	Name for this citation record (human friendly)
status	?!Σ	1..1	code	draft \| active \| retired \| unknown Binding: PublicationStatus (Required)
experimental	Σ	0..1	boolean	For testing purposes, not real usage
date	Σ	0..1	dateTime	Date last changed
publisher	Σ T	0..1	string	The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited
contact	Σ	0..*	ContactDetail	Contact details for the publisher of the citation record
description	T	0..1	markdown	Natural language description of the citation
useContext	Σ	0..*	UsageContext	The context that the citation record content is intended to support
jurisdiction	Σ XD	0..*	CodeableConcept	Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable) Binding: Jurisdiction ValueSet (Extensible)
purpose	T	0..1	markdown	Why this citation is defined
copyright	T	0..1	markdown	Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact
copyrightLabel	T	0..1	string	Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact
approvalDate		0..1	date	When the citation record was approved by publisher
lastReviewDate		0..1	date	When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher
effectivePeriod	Σ	0..1	Period	When the citation record is expected to be used
author		0..*	ContactDetail	Who authored the citation record
editor		0..*	ContactDetail	Who edited the citation record
reviewer		0..*	ContactDetail	Who reviewed the citation record
endorser		0..*	ContactDetail	Who endorsed the citation record
summary		0..*	BackboneElement	A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation
style		0..1	CodeableConcept	Format for display of the citation summary Binding: Citation Summary Style (Extensible)
text	Σ	1..1	markdown	The human-readable display of the citation summary
classification		0..*	BackboneElement	The assignment to an organizing scheme
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) Binding: Citation Classification Type (Extensible)
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	The specific classification value Binding: Citation Artifact Classifier (Example)
note		0..*	Annotation	Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere
currentState		0..*	CodeableConcept	The status of the citation record Binding: Citation Status Type (Example)
statusDate		0..*	BackboneElement	An effective date or period for a status of the citation record
activity		1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of the status Binding: Citation Status Type (Example)
actual		0..1	boolean	Either occurred or expected
period		1..1	Period	When the status started and/or ended
relatedArtifact		0..*	RelatedArtifact	Artifact related to the citation record
citedArtifact		0..1	BackboneElement	The article or artifact being described
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc
relatedIdentifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers
dateAccessed	Σ	0..1	dateTime	When the cited artifact was accessed
version		0..1	BackboneElement	The defined version of the cited artifact
value		1..1	string	The version number or other version identifier
baseCitation		0..1	Reference(Citation)	Citation for the main version of the cited artifact
currentState		0..*	CodeableConcept	The status of the cited artifact Binding: Cited Artifact Status Type (Extensible)
statusDate		0..*	BackboneElement	An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact
activity		1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of the status Binding: Cited Artifact Status Type (Extensible)
actual		0..1	boolean	Either occurred or expected
period		1..1	Period	When the status started and/or ended
title		0..*	BackboneElement	The title details of the article or artifact
type		0..*	CodeableConcept	The kind of title Binding: Title Type (Extensible)
language		0..1	CodeableConcept	Used to express the specific language Binding: Common Languages (Preferred)
text		1..1	markdown	The title of the article or artifact
abstract		0..*	BackboneElement	Summary of the article or artifact
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of abstract Binding: Cited Artifact Abstract Type (Extensible)
language		0..1	CodeableConcept	Used to express the specific language Binding: Common Languages (Preferred)
text		1..1	markdown	Abstract content
copyright		0..1	markdown	Copyright notice for the abstract
part		0..1	BackboneElement	The component of the article or artifact
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of component Binding: Cited Artifact Part Type (Extensible)
value		0..1	string	The specification of the component
baseCitation		0..1	Reference(Citation)	The citation for the full article or artifact
relatesTo		0..*	BackboneElement	The artifact related to the cited artifact
type		1..1	code	documentation \| justification \| citation \| predecessor \| successor \| derived-from \| depends-on \| composed-of \| part-of \| amends \| amended-with \| appends \| appended-with \| cites \| cited-by \| comments-on \| comment-in \| contains \| contained-in \| corrects \| correction-in \| replaces \| replaced-with \| retracts \| retracted-by \| signs \| similar-to \| supports \| supported-with \| transforms \| transformed-into \| transformed-with \| documents \| specification-of \| created-with \| cite-as \| reprint \| reprint-of Binding: Related Artifact Type All (Required)
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	Additional classifiers Binding: Citation Artifact Classifier (Extensible)
label		0..1	string	Short label
display		0..1	string	Brief description of the related artifact
citation		0..1	markdown	Bibliographic citation for the artifact
document		0..1	Attachment	What document is being referenced
resource		0..1	canonical()	What artifact is being referenced
resourceReference		0..1	Reference()	What artifact, if not a conformance resource
publicationForm		0..*	BackboneElement	If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations
publishedIn		0..1	BackboneElement	The collection the cited article or artifact is published in
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book) Binding: Published In Type (Extensible)
identifier		0..*	Identifier	Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN
title		0..1	string	Name of the database or title of the book or journal
publisher		0..1	Reference(Organization)	Name of or resource describing the publisher
publisherLocation		0..1	string	Geographic location of the publisher
citedMedium		0..1	CodeableConcept	Internet or Print Binding: Cited Medium (Extensible)
volume		0..1	string	Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published
issue		0..1	string	Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published
articleDate		0..1	dateTime	The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released
publicationDateText		0..1	string	Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published
publicationDateSeason		0..1	string	Season in which the cited artifact was published
lastRevisionDate		0..1	dateTime	The date the article was last revised or updated in the database
language		0..*	CodeableConcept	Language(s) in which this form of the article is published Binding: Common Languages (Preferred)
accessionNumber		0..1	string	Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database
pageString		0..1	string	Used for full display of pagination
firstPage		0..1	string	Used for isolated representation of first page
lastPage		0..1	string	Used for isolated representation of last page
pageCount		0..1	string	Number of pages or screens
copyright		0..1	markdown	Copyright notice for the full article or artifact
webLocation		0..*	BackboneElement	Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text Binding: Artifact Url Classifier (Extensible)
url		0..1	uri	The specific URL
classification		0..*	BackboneElement	The assignment to an organizing scheme
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) Binding: Cited Artifact Classification Type (Extensible)
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	The specific classification value Binding: Citation Artifact Classifier (Example)
artifactAssessment		0..*	Reference(ArtifactAssessment)	Complex or externally created classification
contributorship		0..1	BackboneElement	Attribution of authors and other contributors
complete		0..1	boolean	Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors
entry		0..*	BackboneElement	An individual entity named as a contributor
contributor		1..1	Reference(Practitioner \| Organization)	The identity of the individual contributor
forenameInitials		0..1	string	For citation styles that use initials
affiliation		0..*	Reference(Organization \| PractitionerRole)	Organizational affiliation
contributionType		0..*	CodeableConcept	The specific contribution Binding: Artifact Contribution Type (Extensible)
role		0..1	CodeableConcept	The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder) Binding: Contributor Role (Extensible)
contributionInstance		0..*	BackboneElement	Contributions with accounting for time or number
type		1..1	CodeableConcept	The specific contribution Binding: Artifact Contribution Instance Type (Extensible)
time		0..1	dateTime	The time that the contribution was made
correspondingContact		0..1	boolean	Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role
rankingOrder		0..1	positiveInt	Ranked order of contribution
summary		0..*	BackboneElement	Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement Binding: Contributor Summary Type (Extensible)
style		0..1	CodeableConcept	The format for the display string Binding: Contributor Summary Style (Extensible)
source		0..1	CodeableConcept	Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string Binding: Contributor Summary Source (Extensible)
value		1..1	markdown	The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement
note		0..*	Annotation	Any additional information or content for the article or artifact
Documentation for this format

See the Extensions for this resource

UML Diagram (Legend)

XML Template

<Citation xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"> 
 <!-- from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language -->
 <!-- from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension -->
 <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI -->
 <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Identifier for the citation record itself --></identifier>
 <version value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Business version of the citation record -->
 <versionAlgorithm[x]><!-- 0..1 string|Coding How to compare versions --></versionAlgorithm[x]>
 <name value="[string]"/><!-- I 0..1 Name for this citation record (computer friendly) -->
 <title value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Name for this citation record (human friendly) -->
 <status value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 draft | active | retired | unknown -->
 <experimental value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 For testing purposes, not real usage -->
 <date value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 Date last changed -->
 <publisher value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited -->
 <contact><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Contact details for the publisher of the citation record --></contact>
 <description value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Natural language description of the citation -->
 <useContext><!-- 0..* UsageContext The context that the citation record content is intended to support --></useContext>
 <jurisdiction><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable) --></jurisdiction>
 <purpose value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Why this citation is defined -->
 <copyright value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact -->
 <copyrightLabel value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact -->
 <approvalDate value="[date]"/><!-- 0..1 When the citation record was approved by publisher -->
 <lastReviewDate value="[date]"/><!-- 0..1 When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher -->
 <effectivePeriod><!-- 0..1 Period When the citation record is expected to be used --></effectivePeriod>
 <author><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who authored the citation record --></author>
 <editor><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who edited the citation record --></editor>
 <reviewer><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who reviewed the citation record --></reviewer>
 <endorser><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who endorsed the citation record --></endorser>
 <summary>  <!-- 0..* A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation -->
  <style><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Format for display of the citation summary --></style>
  <text value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 The human-readable display of the citation summary -->
 </summary>
 <classification>  <!-- 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme -->
  <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) --></type>
  <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The specific classification value --></classifier>
 </classification>
 <note><!-- 0..* Annotation Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere --></note>
 <currentState><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The status of the citation record --></currentState>
 <statusDate>  <!-- 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the citation record -->
  <activity><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept Classification of the status --></activity>
  <actual value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Either occurred or expected -->
  <period><!-- 1..1 Period When the status started and/or ended --></period>
 </statusDate>
 <relatedArtifact><!-- 0..* RelatedArtifact Artifact related to the citation record --></relatedArtifact>
 <citedArtifact>  <!-- 0..1 The article or artifact being described -->
  <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc --></identifier>
  <relatedIdentifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers --></relatedIdentifier>
  <dateAccessed value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 When the cited artifact was accessed -->
  <version>  <!-- 0..1 The defined version of the cited artifact -->
   <value value="[string]"/><!-- 1..1 The version number or other version identifier -->
   <baseCitation><!-- 0..1 Reference(Citation) Citation for the main version of the cited artifact --></baseCitation>
  </version>
  <currentState><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The status of the cited artifact --></currentState>
  <statusDate>  <!-- 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact -->
   <activity><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept Classification of the status --></activity>
   <actual value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Either occurred or expected -->
   <period><!-- 1..1 Period When the status started and/or ended --></period>
  </statusDate>
  <title>  <!-- 0..* The title details of the article or artifact -->
   <type><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The kind of title --></type>
   <language><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Used to express the specific language --></language>
   <text value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 The title of the article or artifact -->
  </title>
  <abstract>  <!-- 0..* Summary of the article or artifact -->
   <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of abstract --></type>
   <language><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Used to express the specific language --></language>
   <text value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 Abstract content -->
   <copyright value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Copyright notice for the abstract -->
  </abstract>
  <part>  <!-- 0..1 The component of the article or artifact -->
   <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of component --></type>
   <value value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 The specification of the component -->
   <baseCitation><!-- 0..1 Reference(Citation) The citation for the full article or artifact --></baseCitation>
  </part>
  <relatesTo>  <!-- 0..* The artifact related to the cited artifact -->
   <type value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 documentation | justification | citation | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | documents | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | reprint | reprint-of -->
   <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Additional classifiers --></classifier>
   <label value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Short label -->
   <display value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Brief description of the related artifact -->
   <citation value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Bibliographic citation for the artifact -->
   <document><!-- 0..1 Attachment What document is being referenced --></document>
   <resource value="[canonical]"/><!-- 0..1 What artifact is being referenced -->
   <resourceReference><!-- 0..1 Reference What artifact, if not a conformance resource --></resourceReference>
  </relatesTo>
  <publicationForm>  <!-- 0..* If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations -->
   <publishedIn>  <!-- 0..1 The collection the cited article or artifact is published in -->
    <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book) --></type>
    <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN --></identifier>
    <title value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Name of the database or title of the book or journal -->
    <publisher><!-- 0..1 Reference(Organization) Name of or resource describing the publisher --></publisher>
    <publisherLocation value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Geographic location of the publisher -->
   </publishedIn>
   <citedMedium><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Internet or Print --></citedMedium>
   <volume value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published -->
   <issue value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published -->
   <articleDate value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released -->
   <publicationDateText value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published -->
   <publicationDateSeason value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Season in which the cited artifact was published -->
   <lastRevisionDate value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 The date the article was last revised or updated in the database -->
   <language><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Language(s) in which this form of the article is published --></language>
   <accessionNumber value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database -->
   <pageString value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Used for full display of pagination -->
   <firstPage value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Used for isolated representation of first page -->
   <lastPage value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Used for isolated representation of last page -->
   <pageCount value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Number of pages or screens -->
   <copyright value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Copyright notice for the full article or artifact -->
  </publicationForm>
  <webLocation>  <!-- 0..* Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited -->
   <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text --></classifier>
   <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 The specific URL -->
  </webLocation>
  <classification>  <!-- 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme -->
   <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) --></type>
   <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The specific classification value --></classifier>
   <artifactAssessment><!-- 0..* Reference(ArtifactAssessment) Complex or externally created classification --></artifactAssessment>
  </classification>
  <contributorship>  <!-- 0..1 Attribution of authors and other contributors -->
   <complete value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors -->
   <entry>  <!-- 0..* An individual entity named as a contributor -->
    <contributor><!-- 1..1 Reference(Organization|Practitioner) The identity of the individual contributor --></contributor>
    <forenameInitials value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For citation styles that use initials -->
    <affiliation><!-- 0..* Reference(Organization|PractitionerRole) Organizational affiliation --></affiliation>
    <contributionType><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The specific contribution --></contributionType>
    <role><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder) --></role>
    <contributionInstance>  <!-- 0..* Contributions with accounting for time or number -->
     <type><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept The specific contribution --></type>
     <time value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 The time that the contribution was made -->
    </contributionInstance>
    <correspondingContact value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role -->
    <rankingOrder value="[positiveInt]"/><!-- 0..1 Ranked order of contribution -->
   </entry>
   <summary>  <!-- 0..* Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member -->
    <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement --></type>
    <style><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The format for the display string --></style>
    <source><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string --></source>
    <value value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement -->
   </summary>
  </contributorship>
  <note><!-- 0..* Annotation Any additional information or content for the article or artifact --></note>
 </citedArtifact>
</Citation>

JSON Template

{
  "resourceType" : "Citation",
  // from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language
  // from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension
  "url" : "<uri>", // Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI
  "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Identifier for the citation record itself
  "version" : "<string>", // Business version of the citation record
  // versionAlgorithm[x]: How to compare versions. One of these 2:
  "versionAlgorithmString" : "<string>",
  "versionAlgorithmCoding" : { Coding },
  "name" : "<string>", // I Name for this citation record (computer friendly)
  "title" : "<string>", // Name for this citation record (human friendly)
  "status" : "<code>", // R!  draft | active | retired | unknown
  "experimental" : <boolean>, // For testing purposes, not real usage
  "date" : "<dateTime>", // Date last changed
  "publisher" : "<string>", // The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited
  "contact" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Contact details for the publisher of the citation record
  "description" : "<markdown>", // Natural language description of the citation
  "useContext" : [{ UsageContext }], // The context that the citation record content is intended to support
  "jurisdiction" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable)
  "purpose" : "<markdown>", // Why this citation is defined
  "copyright" : "<markdown>", // Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact
  "copyrightLabel" : "<string>", // Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact
  "approvalDate" : "<date>", // When the citation record was approved by publisher
  "lastReviewDate" : "<date>", // When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher
  "effectivePeriod" : { Period }, // When the citation record is expected to be used
  "author" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who authored the citation record
  "editor" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who edited the citation record
  "reviewer" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who reviewed the citation record
  "endorser" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who endorsed the citation record
  "summary" : [{ // A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation
    "style" : { CodeableConcept }, // Format for display of the citation summary
    "text" : "<markdown>" // R!  The human-readable display of the citation summary
  }],
  "classification" : [{ // The assignment to an organizing scheme
    "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
    "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }] // The specific classification value
  }],
  "note" : [{ Annotation }], // Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere
  "currentState" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The status of the citation record
  "statusDate" : [{ // An effective date or period for a status of the citation record
    "activity" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  Classification of the status
    "actual" : <boolean>, // Either occurred or expected
    "period" : { Period } // R!  When the status started and/or ended
  }],
  "relatedArtifact" : [{ RelatedArtifact }], // Artifact related to the citation record
  "citedArtifact" : { // The article or artifact being described
    "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc
    "relatedIdentifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers
    "dateAccessed" : "<dateTime>", // When the cited artifact was accessed
    "version" : { // The defined version of the cited artifact
      "value" : "<string>", // R!  The version number or other version identifier
      "baseCitation" : { Reference(Citation) } // Citation for the main version of the cited artifact
    },
    "currentState" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The status of the cited artifact
    "statusDate" : [{ // An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact
      "activity" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  Classification of the status
      "actual" : <boolean>, // Either occurred or expected
      "period" : { Period } // R!  When the status started and/or ended
    }],
    "title" : [{ // The title details of the article or artifact
      "type" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The kind of title
      "language" : { CodeableConcept }, // Used to express the specific language
      "text" : "<markdown>" // R!  The title of the article or artifact
    }],
    "abstract" : [{ // Summary of the article or artifact
      "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of abstract
      "language" : { CodeableConcept }, // Used to express the specific language
      "text" : "<markdown>", // R!  Abstract content
      "copyright" : "<markdown>" // Copyright notice for the abstract
    }],
    "part" : { // The component of the article or artifact
      "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of component
      "value" : "<string>", // The specification of the component
      "baseCitation" : { Reference(Citation) } // The citation for the full article or artifact
    },
    "relatesTo" : [{ // The artifact related to the cited artifact
      "type" : "<code>", // R!  documentation | justification | citation | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | documents | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | reprint | reprint-of
      "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Additional classifiers
      "label" : "<string>", // Short label
      "display" : "<string>", // Brief description of the related artifact
      "citation" : "<markdown>", // Bibliographic citation for the artifact
      "document" : { Attachment }, // What document is being referenced
      "resource" : "<canonical>", // What artifact is being referenced
      "resourceReference" : { Reference } // What artifact, if not a conformance resource
    }],
    "publicationForm" : [{ // If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations
      "publishedIn" : { // The collection the cited article or artifact is published in
        "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book)
        "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN
        "title" : "<string>", // Name of the database or title of the book or journal
        "publisher" : { Reference(Organization) }, // Name of or resource describing the publisher
        "publisherLocation" : "<string>" // Geographic location of the publisher
      },
      "citedMedium" : { CodeableConcept }, // Internet or Print
      "volume" : "<string>", // Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      "issue" : "<string>", // Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      "articleDate" : "<dateTime>", // The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released
      "publicationDateText" : "<string>", // Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published
      "publicationDateSeason" : "<string>", // Season in which the cited artifact was published
      "lastRevisionDate" : "<dateTime>", // The date the article was last revised or updated in the database
      "language" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Language(s) in which this form of the article is published
      "accessionNumber" : "<string>", // Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database
      "pageString" : "<string>", // Used for full display of pagination
      "firstPage" : "<string>", // Used for isolated representation of first page
      "lastPage" : "<string>", // Used for isolated representation of last page
      "pageCount" : "<string>", // Number of pages or screens
      "copyright" : "<markdown>" // Copyright notice for the full article or artifact
    }],
    "webLocation" : [{ // Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited
      "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text
      "url" : "<uri>" // The specific URL
    }],
    "classification" : [{ // The assignment to an organizing scheme
      "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
      "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The specific classification value
      "artifactAssessment" : [{ Reference(ArtifactAssessment) }] // Complex or externally created classification
    }],
    "contributorship" : { // Attribution of authors and other contributors
      "complete" : <boolean>, // Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors
      "entry" : [{ // An individual entity named as a contributor
        "contributor" : { Reference(Organization|Practitioner) }, // R!  The identity of the individual contributor
        "forenameInitials" : "<string>", // For citation styles that use initials
        "affiliation" : [{ Reference(Organization|PractitionerRole) }], // Organizational affiliation
        "contributionType" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The specific contribution
        "role" : { CodeableConcept }, // The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder)
        "contributionInstance" : [{ // Contributions with accounting for time or number
          "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  The specific contribution
          "time" : "<dateTime>" // The time that the contribution was made
        }],
        "correspondingContact" : <boolean>, // Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role
        "rankingOrder" : "<positiveInt>" // Ranked order of contribution
      }],
      "summary" : [{ // Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member
        "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement
        "style" : { CodeableConcept }, // The format for the display string
        "source" : { CodeableConcept }, // Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string
        "value" : "<markdown>" // R!  The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement
      }]
    },
    "note" : [{ Annotation }] // Any additional information or content for the article or artifact
  }
}

Turtle Template

@prefix fhir: <http://hl7.org/fhir/> .


[ a fhir:Citation;
  fhir:nodeRole fhir:treeRoot; # if this is the parser root

  # from Resource: .id, .meta, .implicitRules, and .language
  # from DomainResource: .text, .contained, .extension, and .modifierExtension
  fhir:url [ uri ] ; # 0..1 Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI
  fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Identifier for the citation record itself
  fhir:version [ string ] ; # 0..1 Business version of the citation record
  # versionAlgorithm[x] : 0..1 How to compare versions. One of these 2
    fhir:versionAlgorithm [  a fhir:string ; string ]
    fhir:versionAlgorithm [  a fhir:Coding ; Coding ]
  fhir:name [ string ] ; # 0..1 I Name for this citation record (computer friendly)
  fhir:title [ string ] ; # 0..1 Name for this citation record (human friendly)
  fhir:status [ code ] ; # 1..1 draft | active | retired | unknown
  fhir:experimental [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 For testing purposes, not real usage
  fhir:date [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 Date last changed
  fhir:publisher [ string ] ; # 0..1 The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited
  fhir:contact  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Contact details for the publisher of the citation record
  fhir:description [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Natural language description of the citation
  fhir:useContext  ( [ UsageContext ] ... ) ; # 0..* The context that the citation record content is intended to support
  fhir:jurisdiction  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable)
  fhir:purpose [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Why this citation is defined
  fhir:copyright [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact
  fhir:copyrightLabel [ string ] ; # 0..1 Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact
  fhir:approvalDate [ date ] ; # 0..1 When the citation record was approved by publisher
  fhir:lastReviewDate [ date ] ; # 0..1 When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher
  fhir:effectivePeriod [ Period ] ; # 0..1 When the citation record is expected to be used
  fhir:author  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who authored the citation record
  fhir:editor  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who edited the citation record
  fhir:reviewer  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who reviewed the citation record
  fhir:endorser  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who endorsed the citation record
  fhir:summary ( [ # 0..* A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation
    fhir:style [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Format for display of the citation summary
    fhir:text [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 The human-readable display of the citation summary
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:classification ( [ # 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme
    fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
    fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The specific classification value
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:note  ( [ Annotation ] ... ) ; # 0..* Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere
  fhir:currentState  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The status of the citation record
  fhir:statusDate ( [ # 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the citation record
    fhir:activity [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 Classification of the status
    fhir:actual [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Either occurred or expected
    fhir:period [ Period ] ; # 1..1 When the status started and/or ended
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:relatedArtifact  ( [ RelatedArtifact ] ... ) ; # 0..* Artifact related to the citation record
  fhir:citedArtifact [ # 0..1 The article or artifact being described
    fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc
    fhir:relatedIdentifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers
    fhir:dateAccessed [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 When the cited artifact was accessed
    fhir:version [ # 0..1 The defined version of the cited artifact
      fhir:value [ string ] ; # 1..1 The version number or other version identifier
      fhir:baseCitation [ Reference(Citation) ] ; # 0..1 Citation for the main version of the cited artifact
    ] ;
    fhir:currentState  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The status of the cited artifact
    fhir:statusDate ( [ # 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact
      fhir:activity [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 Classification of the status
      fhir:actual [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Either occurred or expected
      fhir:period [ Period ] ; # 1..1 When the status started and/or ended
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:title ( [ # 0..* The title details of the article or artifact
      fhir:type  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The kind of title
      fhir:language [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Used to express the specific language
      fhir:text [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 The title of the article or artifact
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:abstract ( [ # 0..* Summary of the article or artifact
      fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of abstract
      fhir:language [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Used to express the specific language
      fhir:text [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 Abstract content
      fhir:copyright [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Copyright notice for the abstract
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:part [ # 0..1 The component of the article or artifact
      fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of component
      fhir:value [ string ] ; # 0..1 The specification of the component
      fhir:baseCitation [ Reference(Citation) ] ; # 0..1 The citation for the full article or artifact
    ] ;
    fhir:relatesTo ( [ # 0..* The artifact related to the cited artifact
      fhir:type [ code ] ; # 1..1 documentation | justification | citation | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | documents | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | reprint | reprint-of
      fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Additional classifiers
      fhir:label [ string ] ; # 0..1 Short label
      fhir:display [ string ] ; # 0..1 Brief description of the related artifact
      fhir:citation [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Bibliographic citation for the artifact
      fhir:document [ Attachment ] ; # 0..1 What document is being referenced
      fhir:resource [ canonical ] ; # 0..1 What artifact is being referenced
      fhir:resourceReference [ Reference ] ; # 0..1 What artifact, if not a conformance resource
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:publicationForm ( [ # 0..* If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations
      fhir:publishedIn [ # 0..1 The collection the cited article or artifact is published in
        fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book)
        fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN
        fhir:title [ string ] ; # 0..1 Name of the database or title of the book or journal
        fhir:publisher [ Reference(Organization) ] ; # 0..1 Name of or resource describing the publisher
        fhir:publisherLocation [ string ] ; # 0..1 Geographic location of the publisher
      ] ;
      fhir:citedMedium [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Internet or Print
      fhir:volume [ string ] ; # 0..1 Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      fhir:issue [ string ] ; # 0..1 Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      fhir:articleDate [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released
      fhir:publicationDateText [ string ] ; # 0..1 Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published
      fhir:publicationDateSeason [ string ] ; # 0..1 Season in which the cited artifact was published
      fhir:lastRevisionDate [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 The date the article was last revised or updated in the database
      fhir:language  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Language(s) in which this form of the article is published
      fhir:accessionNumber [ string ] ; # 0..1 Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database
      fhir:pageString [ string ] ; # 0..1 Used for full display of pagination
      fhir:firstPage [ string ] ; # 0..1 Used for isolated representation of first page
      fhir:lastPage [ string ] ; # 0..1 Used for isolated representation of last page
      fhir:pageCount [ string ] ; # 0..1 Number of pages or screens
      fhir:copyright [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Copyright notice for the full article or artifact
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:webLocation ( [ # 0..* Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited
      fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text
      fhir:url [ uri ] ; # 0..1 The specific URL
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:classification ( [ # 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme
      fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
      fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The specific classification value
      fhir:artifactAssessment  ( [ Reference(ArtifactAssessment) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Complex or externally created classification
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:contributorship [ # 0..1 Attribution of authors and other contributors
      fhir:complete [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors
      fhir:entry ( [ # 0..* An individual entity named as a contributor
        fhir:contributor [ Reference(Organization|Practitioner) ] ; # 1..1 The identity of the individual contributor
        fhir:forenameInitials [ string ] ; # 0..1 For citation styles that use initials
        fhir:affiliation  ( [ Reference(Organization|PractitionerRole) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Organizational affiliation
        fhir:contributionType  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The specific contribution
        fhir:role [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder)
        fhir:contributionInstance ( [ # 0..* Contributions with accounting for time or number
          fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 The specific contribution
          fhir:time [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 The time that the contribution was made
        ] ... ) ;
        fhir:correspondingContact [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role
        fhir:rankingOrder [ positiveInt ] ; # 0..1 Ranked order of contribution
      ] ... ) ;
      fhir:summary ( [ # 0..* Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member
        fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement
        fhir:style [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The format for the display string
        fhir:source [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string
        fhir:value [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement
      ] ... ) ;
    ] ;
    fhir:note  ( [ Annotation ] ... ) ; # 0..* Any additional information or content for the article or artifact
  ] ;
]

Changes from both R4 and R4B

This resource did not exist in Release R4

See the Full Difference for further information

This analysis is available for R4 as XML or JSON and for R4B as XML or JSON.

Structure

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Citation	TU		DomainResource	A description of identification, location, or contributorship of a publication (article or artifact) + Warning: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation Elements defined in Ancestors: id, meta, implicitRules, language, text, contained, extension, modifierExtension Interfaces Implemented: MetadataResource
url	Σ C	0..1	uri	Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI + Warning: URL should not contain \| or # - these characters make processing canonical references problematic
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Identifier for the citation record itself
version	Σ	0..1	string	Business version of the citation record
versionAlgorithm[x]	Σ	0..1		How to compare versions Binding: Version Algorithm (Extensible)
versionAlgorithmString			string
versionAlgorithmCoding			Coding
name	Σ C	0..1	string	Name for this citation record (computer friendly)
title	Σ T	0..1	string	Name for this citation record (human friendly)
status	?!Σ	1..1	code	draft \| active \| retired \| unknown Binding: PublicationStatus (Required)
experimental	Σ	0..1	boolean	For testing purposes, not real usage
date	Σ	0..1	dateTime	Date last changed
publisher	Σ T	0..1	string	The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited
contact	Σ	0..*	ContactDetail	Contact details for the publisher of the citation record
description	T	0..1	markdown	Natural language description of the citation
useContext	Σ	0..*	UsageContext	The context that the citation record content is intended to support
jurisdiction	Σ XD	0..*	CodeableConcept	Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable) Binding: Jurisdiction ValueSet (Extensible)
purpose	T	0..1	markdown	Why this citation is defined
copyright	T	0..1	markdown	Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact
copyrightLabel	T	0..1	string	Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact
approvalDate		0..1	date	When the citation record was approved by publisher
lastReviewDate		0..1	date	When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher
effectivePeriod	Σ	0..1	Period	When the citation record is expected to be used
author		0..*	ContactDetail	Who authored the citation record
editor		0..*	ContactDetail	Who edited the citation record
reviewer		0..*	ContactDetail	Who reviewed the citation record
endorser		0..*	ContactDetail	Who endorsed the citation record
summary		0..*	BackboneElement	A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation
style		0..1	CodeableConcept	Format for display of the citation summary Binding: Citation Summary Style (Extensible)
text	Σ	1..1	markdown	The human-readable display of the citation summary
classification		0..*	BackboneElement	The assignment to an organizing scheme
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) Binding: Citation Classification Type (Extensible)
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	The specific classification value Binding: Citation Artifact Classifier (Example)
note		0..*	Annotation	Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere
currentState		0..*	CodeableConcept	The status of the citation record Binding: Citation Status Type (Example)
statusDate		0..*	BackboneElement	An effective date or period for a status of the citation record
activity		1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of the status Binding: Citation Status Type (Example)
actual		0..1	boolean	Either occurred or expected
period		1..1	Period	When the status started and/or ended
relatedArtifact		0..*	RelatedArtifact	Artifact related to the citation record
citedArtifact		0..1	BackboneElement	The article or artifact being described
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc
relatedIdentifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers
dateAccessed	Σ	0..1	dateTime	When the cited artifact was accessed
version		0..1	BackboneElement	The defined version of the cited artifact
value		1..1	string	The version number or other version identifier
baseCitation		0..1	Reference(Citation)	Citation for the main version of the cited artifact
currentState		0..*	CodeableConcept	The status of the cited artifact Binding: Cited Artifact Status Type (Extensible)
statusDate		0..*	BackboneElement	An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact
activity		1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of the status Binding: Cited Artifact Status Type (Extensible)
actual		0..1	boolean	Either occurred or expected
period		1..1	Period	When the status started and/or ended
title		0..*	BackboneElement	The title details of the article or artifact
type		0..*	CodeableConcept	The kind of title Binding: Title Type (Extensible)
language		0..1	CodeableConcept	Used to express the specific language Binding: Common Languages (Preferred)
text		1..1	markdown	The title of the article or artifact
abstract		0..*	BackboneElement	Summary of the article or artifact
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of abstract Binding: Cited Artifact Abstract Type (Extensible)
language		0..1	CodeableConcept	Used to express the specific language Binding: Common Languages (Preferred)
text		1..1	markdown	Abstract content
copyright		0..1	markdown	Copyright notice for the abstract
part		0..1	BackboneElement	The component of the article or artifact
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of component Binding: Cited Artifact Part Type (Extensible)
value		0..1	string	The specification of the component
baseCitation		0..1	Reference(Citation)	The citation for the full article or artifact
relatesTo		0..*	BackboneElement	The artifact related to the cited artifact
type		1..1	code	documentation \| justification \| citation \| predecessor \| successor \| derived-from \| depends-on \| composed-of \| part-of \| amends \| amended-with \| appends \| appended-with \| cites \| cited-by \| comments-on \| comment-in \| contains \| contained-in \| corrects \| correction-in \| replaces \| replaced-with \| retracts \| retracted-by \| signs \| similar-to \| supports \| supported-with \| transforms \| transformed-into \| transformed-with \| documents \| specification-of \| created-with \| cite-as \| reprint \| reprint-of Binding: Related Artifact Type All (Required)
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	Additional classifiers Binding: Citation Artifact Classifier (Extensible)
label		0..1	string	Short label
display		0..1	string	Brief description of the related artifact
citation		0..1	markdown	Bibliographic citation for the artifact
document		0..1	Attachment	What document is being referenced
resource		0..1	canonical()	What artifact is being referenced
resourceReference		0..1	Reference()	What artifact, if not a conformance resource
publicationForm		0..*	BackboneElement	If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations
publishedIn		0..1	BackboneElement	The collection the cited article or artifact is published in
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book) Binding: Published In Type (Extensible)
identifier		0..*	Identifier	Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN
title		0..1	string	Name of the database or title of the book or journal
publisher		0..1	Reference(Organization)	Name of or resource describing the publisher
publisherLocation		0..1	string	Geographic location of the publisher
citedMedium		0..1	CodeableConcept	Internet or Print Binding: Cited Medium (Extensible)
volume		0..1	string	Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published
issue		0..1	string	Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published
articleDate		0..1	dateTime	The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released
publicationDateText		0..1	string	Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published
publicationDateSeason		0..1	string	Season in which the cited artifact was published
lastRevisionDate		0..1	dateTime	The date the article was last revised or updated in the database
language		0..*	CodeableConcept	Language(s) in which this form of the article is published Binding: Common Languages (Preferred)
accessionNumber		0..1	string	Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database
pageString		0..1	string	Used for full display of pagination
firstPage		0..1	string	Used for isolated representation of first page
lastPage		0..1	string	Used for isolated representation of last page
pageCount		0..1	string	Number of pages or screens
copyright		0..1	markdown	Copyright notice for the full article or artifact
webLocation		0..*	BackboneElement	Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text Binding: Artifact Url Classifier (Extensible)
url		0..1	uri	The specific URL
classification		0..*	BackboneElement	The assignment to an organizing scheme
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) Binding: Cited Artifact Classification Type (Extensible)
classifier		0..*	CodeableConcept	The specific classification value Binding: Citation Artifact Classifier (Example)
artifactAssessment		0..*	Reference(ArtifactAssessment)	Complex or externally created classification
contributorship		0..1	BackboneElement	Attribution of authors and other contributors
complete		0..1	boolean	Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors
entry		0..*	BackboneElement	An individual entity named as a contributor
contributor		1..1	Reference(Practitioner \| Organization)	The identity of the individual contributor
forenameInitials		0..1	string	For citation styles that use initials
affiliation		0..*	Reference(Organization \| PractitionerRole)	Organizational affiliation
contributionType		0..*	CodeableConcept	The specific contribution Binding: Artifact Contribution Type (Extensible)
role		0..1	CodeableConcept	The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder) Binding: Contributor Role (Extensible)
contributionInstance		0..*	BackboneElement	Contributions with accounting for time or number
type		1..1	CodeableConcept	The specific contribution Binding: Artifact Contribution Instance Type (Extensible)
time		0..1	dateTime	The time that the contribution was made
correspondingContact		0..1	boolean	Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role
rankingOrder		0..1	positiveInt	Ranked order of contribution
summary		0..*	BackboneElement	Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement Binding: Contributor Summary Type (Extensible)
style		0..1	CodeableConcept	The format for the display string Binding: Contributor Summary Style (Extensible)
source		0..1	CodeableConcept	Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string Binding: Contributor Summary Source (Extensible)
value		1..1	markdown	The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement
note		0..*	Annotation	Any additional information or content for the article or artifact
Documentation for this format

See the Extensions for this resource

UML Diagram (Legend)

XML Template

<Citation xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"> 
 <!-- from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language -->
 <!-- from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension -->
 <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI -->
 <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Identifier for the citation record itself --></identifier>
 <version value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Business version of the citation record -->
 <versionAlgorithm[x]><!-- 0..1 string|Coding How to compare versions --></versionAlgorithm[x]>
 <name value="[string]"/><!-- I 0..1 Name for this citation record (computer friendly) -->
 <title value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Name for this citation record (human friendly) -->
 <status value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 draft | active | retired | unknown -->
 <experimental value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 For testing purposes, not real usage -->
 <date value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 Date last changed -->
 <publisher value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited -->
 <contact><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Contact details for the publisher of the citation record --></contact>
 <description value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Natural language description of the citation -->
 <useContext><!-- 0..* UsageContext The context that the citation record content is intended to support --></useContext>
 <jurisdiction><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable) --></jurisdiction>
 <purpose value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Why this citation is defined -->
 <copyright value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact -->
 <copyrightLabel value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact -->
 <approvalDate value="[date]"/><!-- 0..1 When the citation record was approved by publisher -->
 <lastReviewDate value="[date]"/><!-- 0..1 When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher -->
 <effectivePeriod><!-- 0..1 Period When the citation record is expected to be used --></effectivePeriod>
 <author><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who authored the citation record --></author>
 <editor><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who edited the citation record --></editor>
 <reviewer><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who reviewed the citation record --></reviewer>
 <endorser><!-- 0..* ContactDetail Who endorsed the citation record --></endorser>
 <summary>  <!-- 0..* A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation -->
  <style><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Format for display of the citation summary --></style>
  <text value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 The human-readable display of the citation summary -->
 </summary>
 <classification>  <!-- 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme -->
  <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) --></type>
  <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The specific classification value --></classifier>
 </classification>
 <note><!-- 0..* Annotation Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere --></note>
 <currentState><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The status of the citation record --></currentState>
 <statusDate>  <!-- 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the citation record -->
  <activity><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept Classification of the status --></activity>
  <actual value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Either occurred or expected -->
  <period><!-- 1..1 Period When the status started and/or ended --></period>
 </statusDate>
 <relatedArtifact><!-- 0..* RelatedArtifact Artifact related to the citation record --></relatedArtifact>
 <citedArtifact>  <!-- 0..1 The article or artifact being described -->
  <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc --></identifier>
  <relatedIdentifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers --></relatedIdentifier>
  <dateAccessed value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 When the cited artifact was accessed -->
  <version>  <!-- 0..1 The defined version of the cited artifact -->
   <value value="[string]"/><!-- 1..1 The version number or other version identifier -->
   <baseCitation><!-- 0..1 Reference(Citation) Citation for the main version of the cited artifact --></baseCitation>
  </version>
  <currentState><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The status of the cited artifact --></currentState>
  <statusDate>  <!-- 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact -->
   <activity><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept Classification of the status --></activity>
   <actual value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Either occurred or expected -->
   <period><!-- 1..1 Period When the status started and/or ended --></period>
  </statusDate>
  <title>  <!-- 0..* The title details of the article or artifact -->
   <type><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The kind of title --></type>
   <language><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Used to express the specific language --></language>
   <text value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 The title of the article or artifact -->
  </title>
  <abstract>  <!-- 0..* Summary of the article or artifact -->
   <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of abstract --></type>
   <language><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Used to express the specific language --></language>
   <text value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 Abstract content -->
   <copyright value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Copyright notice for the abstract -->
  </abstract>
  <part>  <!-- 0..1 The component of the article or artifact -->
   <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of component --></type>
   <value value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 The specification of the component -->
   <baseCitation><!-- 0..1 Reference(Citation) The citation for the full article or artifact --></baseCitation>
  </part>
  <relatesTo>  <!-- 0..* The artifact related to the cited artifact -->
   <type value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 documentation | justification | citation | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | documents | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | reprint | reprint-of -->
   <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Additional classifiers --></classifier>
   <label value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Short label -->
   <display value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Brief description of the related artifact -->
   <citation value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Bibliographic citation for the artifact -->
   <document><!-- 0..1 Attachment What document is being referenced --></document>
   <resource value="[canonical]"/><!-- 0..1 What artifact is being referenced -->
   <resourceReference><!-- 0..1 Reference What artifact, if not a conformance resource --></resourceReference>
  </relatesTo>
  <publicationForm>  <!-- 0..* If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations -->
   <publishedIn>  <!-- 0..1 The collection the cited article or artifact is published in -->
    <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book) --></type>
    <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN --></identifier>
    <title value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Name of the database or title of the book or journal -->
    <publisher><!-- 0..1 Reference(Organization) Name of or resource describing the publisher --></publisher>
    <publisherLocation value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Geographic location of the publisher -->
   </publishedIn>
   <citedMedium><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Internet or Print --></citedMedium>
   <volume value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published -->
   <issue value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published -->
   <articleDate value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released -->
   <publicationDateText value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published -->
   <publicationDateSeason value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Season in which the cited artifact was published -->
   <lastRevisionDate value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 The date the article was last revised or updated in the database -->
   <language><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Language(s) in which this form of the article is published --></language>
   <accessionNumber value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database -->
   <pageString value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Used for full display of pagination -->
   <firstPage value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Used for isolated representation of first page -->
   <lastPage value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Used for isolated representation of last page -->
   <pageCount value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 Number of pages or screens -->
   <copyright value="[markdown]"/><!-- 0..1 Copyright notice for the full article or artifact -->
  </publicationForm>
  <webLocation>  <!-- 0..* Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited -->
   <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text --></classifier>
   <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 The specific URL -->
  </webLocation>
  <classification>  <!-- 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme -->
   <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword) --></type>
   <classifier><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The specific classification value --></classifier>
   <artifactAssessment><!-- 0..* Reference(ArtifactAssessment) Complex or externally created classification --></artifactAssessment>
  </classification>
  <contributorship>  <!-- 0..1 Attribution of authors and other contributors -->
   <complete value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors -->
   <entry>  <!-- 0..* An individual entity named as a contributor -->
    <contributor><!-- 1..1 Reference(Organization|Practitioner) The identity of the individual contributor --></contributor>
    <forenameInitials value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For citation styles that use initials -->
    <affiliation><!-- 0..* Reference(Organization|PractitionerRole) Organizational affiliation --></affiliation>
    <contributionType><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept The specific contribution --></contributionType>
    <role><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder) --></role>
    <contributionInstance>  <!-- 0..* Contributions with accounting for time or number -->
     <type><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept The specific contribution --></type>
     <time value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 The time that the contribution was made -->
    </contributionInstance>
    <correspondingContact value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role -->
    <rankingOrder value="[positiveInt]"/><!-- 0..1 Ranked order of contribution -->
   </entry>
   <summary>  <!-- 0..* Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member -->
    <type><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement --></type>
    <style><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept The format for the display string --></style>
    <source><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string --></source>
    <value value="[markdown]"/><!-- 1..1 The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement -->
   </summary>
  </contributorship>
  <note><!-- 0..* Annotation Any additional information or content for the article or artifact --></note>
 </citedArtifact>
</Citation>

JSON Template

{
  "resourceType" : "Citation",
  // from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language
  // from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension
  "url" : "<uri>", // Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI
  "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Identifier for the citation record itself
  "version" : "<string>", // Business version of the citation record
  // versionAlgorithm[x]: How to compare versions. One of these 2:
  "versionAlgorithmString" : "<string>",
  "versionAlgorithmCoding" : { Coding },
  "name" : "<string>", // I Name for this citation record (computer friendly)
  "title" : "<string>", // Name for this citation record (human friendly)
  "status" : "<code>", // R!  draft | active | retired | unknown
  "experimental" : <boolean>, // For testing purposes, not real usage
  "date" : "<dateTime>", // Date last changed
  "publisher" : "<string>", // The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited
  "contact" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Contact details for the publisher of the citation record
  "description" : "<markdown>", // Natural language description of the citation
  "useContext" : [{ UsageContext }], // The context that the citation record content is intended to support
  "jurisdiction" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable)
  "purpose" : "<markdown>", // Why this citation is defined
  "copyright" : "<markdown>", // Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact
  "copyrightLabel" : "<string>", // Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact
  "approvalDate" : "<date>", // When the citation record was approved by publisher
  "lastReviewDate" : "<date>", // When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher
  "effectivePeriod" : { Period }, // When the citation record is expected to be used
  "author" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who authored the citation record
  "editor" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who edited the citation record
  "reviewer" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who reviewed the citation record
  "endorser" : [{ ContactDetail }], // Who endorsed the citation record
  "summary" : [{ // A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation
    "style" : { CodeableConcept }, // Format for display of the citation summary
    "text" : "<markdown>" // R!  The human-readable display of the citation summary
  }],
  "classification" : [{ // The assignment to an organizing scheme
    "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
    "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }] // The specific classification value
  }],
  "note" : [{ Annotation }], // Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere
  "currentState" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The status of the citation record
  "statusDate" : [{ // An effective date or period for a status of the citation record
    "activity" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  Classification of the status
    "actual" : <boolean>, // Either occurred or expected
    "period" : { Period } // R!  When the status started and/or ended
  }],
  "relatedArtifact" : [{ RelatedArtifact }], // Artifact related to the citation record
  "citedArtifact" : { // The article or artifact being described
    "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc
    "relatedIdentifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers
    "dateAccessed" : "<dateTime>", // When the cited artifact was accessed
    "version" : { // The defined version of the cited artifact
      "value" : "<string>", // R!  The version number or other version identifier
      "baseCitation" : { Reference(Citation) } // Citation for the main version of the cited artifact
    },
    "currentState" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The status of the cited artifact
    "statusDate" : [{ // An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact
      "activity" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  Classification of the status
      "actual" : <boolean>, // Either occurred or expected
      "period" : { Period } // R!  When the status started and/or ended
    }],
    "title" : [{ // The title details of the article or artifact
      "type" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The kind of title
      "language" : { CodeableConcept }, // Used to express the specific language
      "text" : "<markdown>" // R!  The title of the article or artifact
    }],
    "abstract" : [{ // Summary of the article or artifact
      "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of abstract
      "language" : { CodeableConcept }, // Used to express the specific language
      "text" : "<markdown>", // R!  Abstract content
      "copyright" : "<markdown>" // Copyright notice for the abstract
    }],
    "part" : { // The component of the article or artifact
      "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of component
      "value" : "<string>", // The specification of the component
      "baseCitation" : { Reference(Citation) } // The citation for the full article or artifact
    },
    "relatesTo" : [{ // The artifact related to the cited artifact
      "type" : "<code>", // R!  documentation | justification | citation | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | documents | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | reprint | reprint-of
      "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Additional classifiers
      "label" : "<string>", // Short label
      "display" : "<string>", // Brief description of the related artifact
      "citation" : "<markdown>", // Bibliographic citation for the artifact
      "document" : { Attachment }, // What document is being referenced
      "resource" : "<canonical>", // What artifact is being referenced
      "resourceReference" : { Reference } // What artifact, if not a conformance resource
    }],
    "publicationForm" : [{ // If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations
      "publishedIn" : { // The collection the cited article or artifact is published in
        "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book)
        "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN
        "title" : "<string>", // Name of the database or title of the book or journal
        "publisher" : { Reference(Organization) }, // Name of or resource describing the publisher
        "publisherLocation" : "<string>" // Geographic location of the publisher
      },
      "citedMedium" : { CodeableConcept }, // Internet or Print
      "volume" : "<string>", // Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      "issue" : "<string>", // Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      "articleDate" : "<dateTime>", // The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released
      "publicationDateText" : "<string>", // Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published
      "publicationDateSeason" : "<string>", // Season in which the cited artifact was published
      "lastRevisionDate" : "<dateTime>", // The date the article was last revised or updated in the database
      "language" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Language(s) in which this form of the article is published
      "accessionNumber" : "<string>", // Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database
      "pageString" : "<string>", // Used for full display of pagination
      "firstPage" : "<string>", // Used for isolated representation of first page
      "lastPage" : "<string>", // Used for isolated representation of last page
      "pageCount" : "<string>", // Number of pages or screens
      "copyright" : "<markdown>" // Copyright notice for the full article or artifact
    }],
    "webLocation" : [{ // Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited
      "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text
      "url" : "<uri>" // The specific URL
    }],
    "classification" : [{ // The assignment to an organizing scheme
      "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
      "classifier" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The specific classification value
      "artifactAssessment" : [{ Reference(ArtifactAssessment) }] // Complex or externally created classification
    }],
    "contributorship" : { // Attribution of authors and other contributors
      "complete" : <boolean>, // Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors
      "entry" : [{ // An individual entity named as a contributor
        "contributor" : { Reference(Organization|Practitioner) }, // R!  The identity of the individual contributor
        "forenameInitials" : "<string>", // For citation styles that use initials
        "affiliation" : [{ Reference(Organization|PractitionerRole) }], // Organizational affiliation
        "contributionType" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // The specific contribution
        "role" : { CodeableConcept }, // The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder)
        "contributionInstance" : [{ // Contributions with accounting for time or number
          "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  The specific contribution
          "time" : "<dateTime>" // The time that the contribution was made
        }],
        "correspondingContact" : <boolean>, // Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role
        "rankingOrder" : "<positiveInt>" // Ranked order of contribution
      }],
      "summary" : [{ // Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member
        "type" : { CodeableConcept }, // Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement
        "style" : { CodeableConcept }, // The format for the display string
        "source" : { CodeableConcept }, // Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string
        "value" : "<markdown>" // R!  The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement
      }]
    },
    "note" : [{ Annotation }] // Any additional information or content for the article or artifact
  }
}

Turtle Template

@prefix fhir: <http://hl7.org/fhir/> .


[ a fhir:Citation;
  fhir:nodeRole fhir:treeRoot; # if this is the parser root

  # from Resource: .id, .meta, .implicitRules, and .language
  # from DomainResource: .text, .contained, .extension, and .modifierExtension
  fhir:url [ uri ] ; # 0..1 Canonical identifier for this citation record, represented as a globally unique URI
  fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Identifier for the citation record itself
  fhir:version [ string ] ; # 0..1 Business version of the citation record
  # versionAlgorithm[x] : 0..1 How to compare versions. One of these 2
    fhir:versionAlgorithm [  a fhir:string ; string ]
    fhir:versionAlgorithm [  a fhir:Coding ; Coding ]
  fhir:name [ string ] ; # 0..1 I Name for this citation record (computer friendly)
  fhir:title [ string ] ; # 0..1 Name for this citation record (human friendly)
  fhir:status [ code ] ; # 1..1 draft | active | retired | unknown
  fhir:experimental [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 For testing purposes, not real usage
  fhir:date [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 Date last changed
  fhir:publisher [ string ] ; # 0..1 The publisher of the citation record, not the publisher of the article or artifact being cited
  fhir:contact  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Contact details for the publisher of the citation record
  fhir:description [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Natural language description of the citation
  fhir:useContext  ( [ UsageContext ] ... ) ; # 0..* The context that the citation record content is intended to support
  fhir:jurisdiction  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Intended jurisdiction for citation record (if applicable)
  fhir:purpose [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Why this citation is defined
  fhir:copyright [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Use and/or publishing restrictions for the citation record, not for the cited artifact
  fhir:copyrightLabel [ string ] ; # 0..1 Copyright holder and year(s) for the ciation record, not for the cited artifact
  fhir:approvalDate [ date ] ; # 0..1 When the citation record was approved by publisher
  fhir:lastReviewDate [ date ] ; # 0..1 When the citation record was last reviewed by the publisher
  fhir:effectivePeriod [ Period ] ; # 0..1 When the citation record is expected to be used
  fhir:author  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who authored the citation record
  fhir:editor  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who edited the citation record
  fhir:reviewer  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who reviewed the citation record
  fhir:endorser  ( [ ContactDetail ] ... ) ; # 0..* Who endorsed the citation record
  fhir:summary ( [ # 0..* A human-readable display of key concepts to represent the citation
    fhir:style [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Format for display of the citation summary
    fhir:text [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 The human-readable display of the citation summary
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:classification ( [ # 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme
    fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
    fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The specific classification value
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:note  ( [ Annotation ] ... ) ; # 0..* Used for general notes and annotations not coded elsewhere
  fhir:currentState  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The status of the citation record
  fhir:statusDate ( [ # 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the citation record
    fhir:activity [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 Classification of the status
    fhir:actual [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Either occurred or expected
    fhir:period [ Period ] ; # 1..1 When the status started and/or ended
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:relatedArtifact  ( [ RelatedArtifact ] ... ) ; # 0..* Artifact related to the citation record
  fhir:citedArtifact [ # 0..1 The article or artifact being described
    fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Unique identifier. May include DOI, PMID, PMCID, etc
    fhir:relatedIdentifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Identifier not unique to the cited artifact. May include trial registry identifiers
    fhir:dateAccessed [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 When the cited artifact was accessed
    fhir:version [ # 0..1 The defined version of the cited artifact
      fhir:value [ string ] ; # 1..1 The version number or other version identifier
      fhir:baseCitation [ Reference(Citation) ] ; # 0..1 Citation for the main version of the cited artifact
    ] ;
    fhir:currentState  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The status of the cited artifact
    fhir:statusDate ( [ # 0..* An effective date or period for a status of the cited artifact
      fhir:activity [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 Classification of the status
      fhir:actual [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Either occurred or expected
      fhir:period [ Period ] ; # 1..1 When the status started and/or ended
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:title ( [ # 0..* The title details of the article or artifact
      fhir:type  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The kind of title
      fhir:language [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Used to express the specific language
      fhir:text [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 The title of the article or artifact
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:abstract ( [ # 0..* Summary of the article or artifact
      fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of abstract
      fhir:language [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Used to express the specific language
      fhir:text [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 Abstract content
      fhir:copyright [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Copyright notice for the abstract
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:part [ # 0..1 The component of the article or artifact
      fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of component
      fhir:value [ string ] ; # 0..1 The specification of the component
      fhir:baseCitation [ Reference(Citation) ] ; # 0..1 The citation for the full article or artifact
    ] ;
    fhir:relatesTo ( [ # 0..* The artifact related to the cited artifact
      fhir:type [ code ] ; # 1..1 documentation | justification | citation | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | documents | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | reprint | reprint-of
      fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Additional classifiers
      fhir:label [ string ] ; # 0..1 Short label
      fhir:display [ string ] ; # 0..1 Brief description of the related artifact
      fhir:citation [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Bibliographic citation for the artifact
      fhir:document [ Attachment ] ; # 0..1 What document is being referenced
      fhir:resource [ canonical ] ; # 0..1 What artifact is being referenced
      fhir:resourceReference [ Reference ] ; # 0..1 What artifact, if not a conformance resource
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:publicationForm ( [ # 0..* If multiple, used to represent alternative forms of the article that are not separate citations
      fhir:publishedIn [ # 0..1 The collection the cited article or artifact is published in
        fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Kind of container (e.g. Periodical, database, or book)
        fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Journal identifiers include ISSN, ISO Abbreviation and NLMuniqueID; Book identifiers include ISBN
        fhir:title [ string ] ; # 0..1 Name of the database or title of the book or journal
        fhir:publisher [ Reference(Organization) ] ; # 0..1 Name of or resource describing the publisher
        fhir:publisherLocation [ string ] ; # 0..1 Geographic location of the publisher
      ] ;
      fhir:citedMedium [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Internet or Print
      fhir:volume [ string ] ; # 0..1 Volume number of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      fhir:issue [ string ] ; # 0..1 Issue, part or supplement of journal or other collection in which the article is published
      fhir:articleDate [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 The date the article was added to the database, or the date the article was released
      fhir:publicationDateText [ string ] ; # 0..1 Text representation of the date on which the issue of the cited artifact was published
      fhir:publicationDateSeason [ string ] ; # 0..1 Season in which the cited artifact was published
      fhir:lastRevisionDate [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 The date the article was last revised or updated in the database
      fhir:language  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Language(s) in which this form of the article is published
      fhir:accessionNumber [ string ] ; # 0..1 Entry number or identifier for inclusion in a database
      fhir:pageString [ string ] ; # 0..1 Used for full display of pagination
      fhir:firstPage [ string ] ; # 0..1 Used for isolated representation of first page
      fhir:lastPage [ string ] ; # 0..1 Used for isolated representation of last page
      fhir:pageCount [ string ] ; # 0..1 Number of pages or screens
      fhir:copyright [ markdown ] ; # 0..1 Copyright notice for the full article or artifact
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:webLocation ( [ # 0..* Used for any URL for the article or artifact cited
      fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Code the reason for different URLs, e.g. abstract and full-text
      fhir:url [ uri ] ; # 0..1 The specific URL
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:classification ( [ # 0..* The assignment to an organizing scheme
      fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The kind of classifier (e.g. publication type, keyword)
      fhir:classifier  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The specific classification value
      fhir:artifactAssessment  ( [ Reference(ArtifactAssessment) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Complex or externally created classification
    ] ... ) ;
    fhir:contributorship [ # 0..1 Attribution of authors and other contributors
      fhir:complete [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Indicates if the list includes all authors and/or contributors
      fhir:entry ( [ # 0..* An individual entity named as a contributor
        fhir:contributor [ Reference(Organization|Practitioner) ] ; # 1..1 The identity of the individual contributor
        fhir:forenameInitials [ string ] ; # 0..1 For citation styles that use initials
        fhir:affiliation  ( [ Reference(Organization|PractitionerRole) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Organizational affiliation
        fhir:contributionType  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* The specific contribution
        fhir:role [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The role of the contributor (e.g. author, editor, reviewer, funder)
        fhir:contributionInstance ( [ # 0..* Contributions with accounting for time or number
          fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 The specific contribution
          fhir:time [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 The time that the contribution was made
        ] ... ) ;
        fhir:correspondingContact [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Whether the contributor is the corresponding contributor for the role
        fhir:rankingOrder [ positiveInt ] ; # 0..1 Ranked order of contribution
      ] ... ) ;
      fhir:summary ( [ # 0..* Used to record a display of the author/contributor list without separate data element for each list member
        fhir:type [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Such as author list, contributorship statement, funding statement, acknowledgements statement, or conflicts of interest statement
        fhir:style [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 The format for the display string
        fhir:source [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string
        fhir:value [ markdown ] ; # 1..1 The display string for the author list, contributor list, or contributorship statement
      ] ... ) ;
    ] ;
    fhir:note  ( [ Annotation ] ... ) ; # 0..* Any additional information or content for the article or artifact
  ] ;
]

Changes from both R4 and R4B

This resource did not exist in Release R4

See the Full Difference for further information

This analysis is available for R4 as XML or JSON and for R4B as XML or JSON.

Additional definitions: Master Definition XML + JSON, XML Schema/Schematron + JSON Schema, ShEx (for Turtle) , the spreadsheet version & the dependency analysis

14.12.4.1 Terminology Bindings

Path	ValueSet	Type	Documentation
Citation.versionAlgorithm[x]	VersionAlgorithm	Extensible	Indicates the mechanism used to compare versions to determine which is more current.
Citation.status	PublicationStatus	Required	The lifecycle status of an artifact.
Citation.jurisdiction	JurisdictionValueSet	Extensible	This value set defines a base set of codes for country, country subdivision and region for indicating where a resource is intended to be used. Note: The codes for countries and country subdivisions are taken from ISO 3166 while the codes for "supra-national" regions are from UN Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49) .
Citation.summary.style	CitationSummaryStyle	Extensible	The format for display of the citation.
Citation.classification.type	CitationClassificationType	Extensible	Citation classification type
Citation.classification.classifier	CitationArtifactClassifier	Example	Citation artifact classifier
Citation.currentState	CitationStatusType	Example	Citation status type
Citation.statusDate.activity	CitationStatusType	Example	Citation status type
Citation.citedArtifact.currentState	CitedArtifactStatusType	Extensible	Cited Artifact Status Type
Citation.citedArtifact.statusDate.activity	CitedArtifactStatusType	Extensible	Cited Artifact Status Type
Citation.citedArtifact.title.type	TitleType	Extensible	Used to express the reason and specific aspect for the variant title, such as language and specific language.
Citation.citedArtifact.title.language	CommonLanguages	Preferred	This value set includes common codes from BCP-47 (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47)
Citation.citedArtifact.abstract.type	CitedArtifactAbstractType	Extensible	Used to express the reason and specific aspect for the variant abstract, such as language and specific language.
Citation.citedArtifact.abstract.language	CommonLanguages	Preferred	This value set includes common codes from BCP-47 (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47)
Citation.citedArtifact.part.type	CitedArtifactPartType	Extensible	To describe the reason for the variant citation, such as version number or subpart specification.
Citation.citedArtifact.relatesTo.type	RelatedArtifactTypeExpanded	Required	The type of relationship to the cited artifact.
Citation.citedArtifact.relatesTo.classifier	CitationArtifactClassifier	Extensible	Citation artifact classifier
Citation.citedArtifact.publicationForm.publishedIn.type	PublishedInType	Extensible	The type of publication such as book, database, or journal.
Citation.citedArtifact.publicationForm.citedMedium	CitedMedium	Extensible	NLM codes Internet or Print.
Citation.citedArtifact.publicationForm.language	CommonLanguages	Preferred	This value set includes common codes from BCP-47 (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47)
Citation.citedArtifact.webLocation.classifier	ArtifactUrlClassifier	Extensible	Code the reason for different URLs, eg abstract and full-text.
Citation.citedArtifact.classification.type	CitedArtifactClassificationType	Extensible	Cited Artifact Classification Type
Citation.citedArtifact.classification.classifier	CitationArtifactClassifier	Example	Citation artifact classifier
Citation.citedArtifact.contributorship.entry.contributionType	ArtifactContributionType	Extensible	Citation contribution.
Citation.citedArtifact.contributorship.entry.role	ContributorRole	Extensible	Used to code the format of the display string.
Citation.citedArtifact.contributorship.entry.contributionInstance.type	ArtifactContributionInstanceType	Extensible	Artifact Contribution Instance Type
Citation.citedArtifact.contributorship.summary.type	ContributorSummaryType	Extensible	Used to code author list statement, contributorship statement, and such.
Citation.citedArtifact.contributorship.summary.style	ContributorSummaryStyle	Extensible	Used to code the format of the display string.
Citation.citedArtifact.contributorship.summary.source	ContributorSummarySource	Extensible	Used to code the producer or rule for creating the display string.

Path

ValueSet

Type

Documentation

Citation.versionAlgorithm[x]

Name	Type	Description	Expression	In Common
classification	composite	A classification type and value assigned to the citation	On Citation.classification: classification-type: type classifier: classifier
classification-type	token	A type of classification assigned to the citation	(Citation.classification.type)
classifier	token	A classifier assigned to the citation	(Citation.classification.classifier)
context	token	A use context assigned to the citation	(Citation.useContext.value.ofType(CodeableConcept))	30 Resources
context-quantity	quantity	A quantity- or range-valued use context assigned to the citation	(Citation.useContext.value.ofType(Quantity)) \| (Citation.useContext.value.ofType(Range))	30 Resources
context-type	token	A type of use context assigned to the citation	Citation.useContext.code	30 Resources
context-type-quantity	composite	A use context type and quantity- or range-based value assigned to the citation	On Citation.useContext: context-type: code context-quantity: value.ofType(Quantity) \| value.ofType(Range)	30 Resources
context-type-value	composite	A use context type and value assigned to the citation	On Citation.useContext: context-type: code context: value.ofType(CodeableConcept)	30 Resources
date	date	The citation publication date	Citation.date	30 Resources
description	string	The description of the citation	Citation.description	28 Resources
effective	date	The time during which the citation is intended to be in use	Citation.effectivePeriod	12 Resources
identifier	token	External identifier for the citation	Citation.identifier	34 Resources
jurisdiction	token	Intended jurisdiction for the citation	Citation.jurisdiction	26 Resources
name	string	Computationally friendly name of the citation	Citation.name	26 Resources
publisher	string	Name of the publisher of the citation	Citation.publisher	30 Resources
status	token	The current status of the citation	Citation.status	35 Resources
title	string	The human-friendly name of the citation	Citation.title	27 Resources
url	uri	The uri that identifies the citation	Citation.url	34 Resources
version	token	The business version of the citation	Citation.version	30 Resources