This page is part of the International Patient Summary Implementation Guide (v1.1.0: STU 1) based on FHIR R4. This is the current published version in its permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

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Resource Profile: Observation Results (IPS)

This profile constrains the Observation resource to represent various types of results and associated observations in a patient summary. This is the base profile from which the other results profiles are derived.

This profile constrains the Observation resource to represent various types of results and associated observations in a patient summary.

Usage:

• Derived from this Resource Profile: Observation Results: laboratory (IPS), Observation Results: pathology (IPS), Observation Results: radiology (IPS)
• Use this Resource Profile: Bundle - IPS
• Refer to this Resource Profile: Bundle - IPS

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

• Differential Table
• Key Elements Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation		0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions
status		1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Fixed Value: final
category		0..*	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
subject	S	1..1	Reference(Patient (IPS) | Group | Device | Location)	Who and/or what the observation is about
reference	S	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
effective[x]	S	1..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
effective[x]:All Types				Content/Rules for all Types
data-absent-reason	S	0..1	code	effective[x] absence reason URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason Binding: DataAbsentReason (required): Used to specify why the normally expected content of the data element is missing.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
performer		0..*	Reference(Practitioner (IPS) | PractitionerRole (IPS) | Organization (IPS) | CareTeam | Patient (IPS) | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	S	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual result
hasMember		0..*	Reference(Observation Results (IPS) | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
component	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
Documentation for this format

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!Σ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Fixed Value: final
category		0..*	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient (IPS) | Group | Device | Location)	Who and/or what the observation is about
reference	SΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
effective[x]	SΣ	1..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
effective[x]:All Types				Content/Rules for all Types
data-absent-reason	S	0..1	code	effective[x] absence reason URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason Binding: DataAbsentReason (required): Used to specify why the normally expected content of the data element is missing.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner (IPS) | PractitionerRole (IPS) | Organization (IPS) | CareTeam | Patient (IPS) | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation Results (IPS) | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code
Observation.status	required	Fixed Value: final
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!Σ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Fixed Value: final
category		0..*	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient (IPS) | Group | Device | Location)	Who and/or what the observation is about
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	SΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display	Σ	0..1	string	Text alternative for the resource
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣ	1..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
effective[x]:All Types				Content/Rules for all Types
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
Slices for extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
data-absent-reason	S	0..1	code	effective[x] absence reason URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason Binding: DataAbsentReason (required): Used to specify why the normally expected content of the data element is missing.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner (IPS) | PractitionerRole (IPS) | Organization (IPS) | CareTeam | Patient (IPS) | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation Results (IPS) | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	Fixed Value: final
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.subject.type	extensible	ResourceType
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 3 elements
Must-Support: 7 elements
Fixed Value: 1 element

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

• Codeable Concept (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/CodeableConcept-uv-ips)
• Patient (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Patient-uv-ips)
• Practitioner (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Practitioner-uv-ips)
• PractitionerRole (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/PractitionerRole-uv-ips)
• Organization (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Organization-uv-ips)
• Observation Results (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Observation-results-uv-ips)

Extensions

This structure refers to these extensions:

• http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason

Maturity: 2

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation		0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions
status		1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Fixed Value: final
category		0..*	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
subject	S	1..1	Reference(Patient (IPS) | Group | Device | Location)	Who and/or what the observation is about
reference	S	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
effective[x]	S	1..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
effective[x]:All Types				Content/Rules for all Types
data-absent-reason	S	0..1	code	effective[x] absence reason URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason Binding: DataAbsentReason (required): Used to specify why the normally expected content of the data element is missing.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
performer		0..*	Reference(Practitioner (IPS) | PractitionerRole (IPS) | Organization (IPS) | CareTeam | Patient (IPS) | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	S	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual result
hasMember		0..*	Reference(Observation Results (IPS) | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
component	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
Documentation for this format

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!Σ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Fixed Value: final
category		0..*	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient (IPS) | Group | Device | Location)	Who and/or what the observation is about
reference	SΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
effective[x]	SΣ	1..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
effective[x]:All Types				Content/Rules for all Types
data-absent-reason	S	0..1	code	effective[x] absence reason URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason Binding: DataAbsentReason (required): Used to specify why the normally expected content of the data element is missing.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner (IPS) | PractitionerRole (IPS) | Organization (IPS) | CareTeam | Patient (IPS) | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation Results (IPS) | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code
Observation.status	required	Fixed Value: final
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!Σ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Fixed Value: final
category		0..*	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptIPS	Concept - reference to a terminology or just text Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient (IPS) | Group | Device | Location)	Who and/or what the observation is about
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	SΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display	Σ	0..1	string	Text alternative for the resource
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣ	1..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
effective[x]:All Types				Content/Rules for all Types
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
Slices for extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
data-absent-reason	S	0..1	code	effective[x] absence reason URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason Binding: DataAbsentReason (required): Used to specify why the normally expected content of the data element is missing.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner (IPS) | PractitionerRole (IPS) | Organization (IPS) | CareTeam | Patient (IPS) | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation Results (IPS) | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	Fixed Value: final
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.subject.type	extensible	ResourceType
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 3 elements
Must-Support: 7 elements
Fixed Value: 1 element

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

• Codeable Concept (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/CodeableConcept-uv-ips)
• Patient (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Patient-uv-ips)
• Practitioner (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Practitioner-uv-ips)
• PractitionerRole (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/PractitionerRole-uv-ips)
• Organization (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Organization-uv-ips)
• Observation Results (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/Observation-results-uv-ips)

Extensions

This structure refers to these extensions:

• http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason

Maturity: 2

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron