This page is part of the Data Exchange Profiles for 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids (v1.0.0-ballot: STU 1 Ballot 1) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) R4. No current official version has been published yet. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

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Resource Profile: Opiate Urine Drug Screening Result Observation Profile

Specifies the essential criteria for interpreting the results of a urine drug screening for substances in the Opiate class.

Usages:

• Examples for this Profile: Observation/opiate-urine-drug-screening-result

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

• Key Elements Table
• Differential Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	(QI-Core)(USCDI) registered | prliminary | final | amended | corrected | entered-in-error | unknown Binding: Non-Negative Observation Status (required)
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:us-core	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required): Note that other codes are permitted, see Required Bindings When Slicing by Value Sets Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Laboratory Test Name Binding: General opiate urine drug screening tests (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Opioid Review Useful Patient Profile)	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Who and/or what the observation is about
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Constraints: us-core-1
value[x]	SΣC	1..1	string S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Result Value Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4, uds-value-string-invariant
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	(USCDI) Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(US Core Specimen Profile)	(USCDI) Specimen used for this observation
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.status	required	NonNegativeObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/ValueSet/qicore-non-negative-observation-status
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category From the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:us-core	required	Pattern Value: laboratory http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-clinical-result-observation-category
Observation.code	required	GENERAL_OPIATE_URINE_DRUG_SCREENING_TESTS http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/ValueSet/general-opiate-urine-drug-screening-tests From this IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason From the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
uds-value-string-invariant	error	Observation.value[x]	The value string SHALL contain a string representation of a positive or negative result. : value.toString().lower().startsWith('pos') or value.toString().lower().startsWith('neg')
us-core-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : value.ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4	best practice	Observation.value[x]	SHOULD use Snomed CT for coded Results : value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system = 'http://snomed.info/sct'

This structure is derived from UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation		0..*	UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation	Measurements and simple assertions
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Laboratory Test Name Binding: General opiate urine drug screening tests (required)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.code	required	GENERAL_OPIATE_URINE_DRUG_SCREENING_TESTS http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/ValueSet/general-opiate-urine-drug-screening-tests From this IG

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	(QI-Core)(USCDI) registered | prliminary | final | amended | corrected | entered-in-error | unknown Binding: Non-Negative Observation Status (required)
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:us-core	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required): Note that other codes are permitted, see Required Bindings When Slicing by Value Sets Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Laboratory Test Name Binding: General opiate urine drug screening tests (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Opioid Review Useful Patient Profile)	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Constraints: us-core-1
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	(QI-Core) Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | Patient | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	1..1	string S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Result Value Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4, uds-value-string-invariant
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	(USCDI) Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core) High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(US Core Specimen Profile)	(USCDI) Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	Σ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages From the FHIR Standard Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	NonNegativeObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/ValueSet/qicore-non-negative-observation-status
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category From the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:us-core	required	Pattern Value: laboratory http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-clinical-result-observation-category
Observation.code	required	GENERAL_OPIATE_URINE_DRUG_SCREENING_TESTS http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/ValueSet/general-opiate-urine-drug-screening-tests From this IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason From the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation From the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site From the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods From the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning From the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto From the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes(a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes From the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason From the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation From the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
uds-value-string-invariant	error	Observation.value[x]	The value string SHALL contain a string representation of a positive or negative result. : value.toString().lower().startsWith('pos') or value.toString().lower().startsWith('neg')
us-core-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : value.ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4	best practice	Observation.value[x]	SHOULD use Snomed CT for coded Results : value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system = 'http://snomed.info/sct'

This structure is derived from UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation

Summary

Maturity: 2

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	(QI-Core)(USCDI) registered | prliminary | final | amended | corrected | entered-in-error | unknown Binding: Non-Negative Observation Status (required)
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:us-core	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required): Note that other codes are permitted, see Required Bindings When Slicing by Value Sets Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Laboratory Test Name Binding: General opiate urine drug screening tests (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Opioid Review Useful Patient Profile)	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Who and/or what the observation is about
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Constraints: us-core-1
value[x]	SΣC	1..1	string S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Result Value Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4, uds-value-string-invariant
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	(USCDI) Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(US Core Specimen Profile)	(USCDI) Specimen used for this observation
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.status	required	NonNegativeObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/ValueSet/qicore-non-negative-observation-status
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category From the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:us-core	required	Pattern Value: laboratory http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-clinical-result-observation-category
Observation.code	required	GENERAL_OPIATE_URINE_DRUG_SCREENING_TESTS http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/ValueSet/general-opiate-urine-drug-screening-tests From this IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason From the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
uds-value-string-invariant	error	Observation.value[x]	The value string SHALL contain a string representation of a positive or negative result. : value.toString().lower().startsWith('pos') or value.toString().lower().startsWith('neg')
us-core-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : value.ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4	best practice	Observation.value[x]	SHOULD use Snomed CT for coded Results : value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system = 'http://snomed.info/sct'

Differential View

This structure is derived from UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation		0..*	UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation	Measurements and simple assertions
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Laboratory Test Name Binding: General opiate urine drug screening tests (required)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.code	required	GENERAL_OPIATE_URINE_DRUG_SCREENING_TESTS http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/ValueSet/general-opiate-urine-drug-screening-tests From this IG

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	(QI-Core)(USCDI) registered | prliminary | final | amended | corrected | entered-in-error | unknown Binding: Non-Negative Observation Status (required)
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:us-core	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Classification of type of observation Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required): Note that other codes are permitted, see Required Bindings When Slicing by Value Sets Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Laboratory Test Name Binding: General opiate urine drug screening tests (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Opioid Review Useful Patient Profile)	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Constraints: us-core-1
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	(QI-Core) Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | Patient | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	1..1	string S	(QI-Core)(USCDI) Result Value Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4, uds-value-string-invariant
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	(USCDI) Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	(QI-Core) High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(US Core Specimen Profile)	(USCDI) Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	Σ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages From the FHIR Standard Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	NonNegativeObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/ValueSet/qicore-non-negative-observation-status
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category From the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:us-core	required	Pattern Value: laboratory http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-clinical-result-observation-category
Observation.code	required	GENERAL_OPIATE_URINE_DRUG_SCREENING_TESTS http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/ValueSet/general-opiate-urine-drug-screening-tests From this IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason From the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation From the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site From the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods From the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning From the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto From the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes(a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes From the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason From the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation From the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
uds-value-string-invariant	error	Observation.value[x]	The value string SHALL contain a string representation of a positive or negative result. : value.toString().lower().startsWith('pos') or value.toString().lower().startsWith('neg')
us-core-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : value.ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4	best practice	Observation.value[x]	SHOULD use Snomed CT for coded Results : value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or value.ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system = 'http://snomed.info/sct'

This structure is derived from UrineDrugScreeningResultObservation

Summary

Maturity: 2

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron