Demographics and other administrative information about a person or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

Tracking patient is the center of the healthcare process.

An identifier that applies to this person as a patient.

Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

A name associated with the individual.

Need to be able to track the person by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

Person may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods.For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

Person may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address may not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date. Gender of individual drives many clinical processes.

The gender may not match the biological sex as determined by genetics, or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than M and F, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support M and F.

The date of birth for the individual.

Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real dob is unknown.

The time of birth for the individual.

In some cases birth time is important (e.g. multiple births). Hospitals will capture the time of birth in most cases.

Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

If there's no value in the instance it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

Addresses for the individual.

May need to keep track of persons addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

Person may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

Most, if not all systems capture it.

Indicates whether the patient is part of a multiple or indicates the actual birth order.

For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

Image of the person.

Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

A name associated with the person.

Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that person.

A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

Person may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

Address for the contact person.

Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

Administrative Gender - the gender that the person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

Needed to address the person correctly.

Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

The period during which this person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

This element has a value if the patient is an animal.

Many clinical systems are extended to care for animal patients as well as human.

The animal element is labeled "Is Modifier" since patients may be non-human. Systems SHALL either handle patient details appropriately (e.g. inform users patient is not human) or reject non-human patient records.

Identifies the high level categorization of the kind of animal.

Need to know what kind of animal.

If the patient is non-human, at least a species SHALL be specified.

Identifies the detailed categorization of the kind of animal.

May need to know the specific kind within the species.

Indicates the current state of the animal's reproductive organs.

Gender status can affect housing and animal behavior.

Languages which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken is an important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance.

Patient's nominated care provider.

Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person.

There are multiple usecases: * Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and * Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.

There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

The other patient resource that the link refers to.

The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

Whether this patient record is in active use.

Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

Default is true. If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/person/record updates should occur on the other patient.