QI-Core - Patterns

NOTE: The examples throughout this topic have been simplified to illustrate specific usage. Refer to the originating context for complete expressions.

Observations

For observations that have established profiles in US-Core, QI-Core uses those profiles:

Profile	Description
Vital Signs Profile	The FHIR Vital Signs profile sets minimum expectations for the Observation resource to record, search and fetch the vital signs associated with a patient that include the primary vital signs plus additional measurements such as height, weight and BMI.
Smoking Status Profile	This profile sets minimum expectations for the Observation resource to record, search and fetch smoking status data associated with a patient.
Laboratory Result Profile	This profile sets minimum expectations for the Observation resource resource to record, search and fetch laboratory test results associated with a patient.
Pediatric Bmi For Age Profile	This profile sets minimum expectations for the Observation resource to record, search and fetch pediatric body mass index (BMI) per age and gender observations associated with a patient.
Pediatric Weight For Height Profile	This profile sets minimum expectations for the Observation resource to record, search and fetch pediatric weight for height and age observations associated with a patient.

For all other observations, use the QICore-Observation profile.

Encounter Examples

Inpatient Encounter Example

Example source: MATGlobalCommonFunctions

define "Inpatient Encounter":
    [Encounter: "Encounter Inpatient"] EncounterInpatient
        where EncounterInpatient.status = 'finished'
        and "LengthInDays"(EncounterInpatient.period) <= 120
        and EncounterInpatient.period ends during "Measurement Period"

Inpatient Encounter with Principal Diagnosis

Example source: EXM105

define "Inpatient Encounter with Principal Diagnosis of Ischemic Stroke":
    "Inpatient Encounter" Encounter
            let PrincipalDiagnosis:
                    (singleton from (Encounter.diagnosis D where D.role ~ ToConcept("Billing") and D.rank = 1)) PD
                return singleton from ([Condition: id in Last(Split(PD.condition.reference, '/'))])
            where PrincipalDiagnosis.code in "Ischemic Stroke"

Note that the FHIRHelpers.ToConcept usage is intended to be implicit and will be unnecessary once QUICK is fully supported.

Inpatient Encounter with Principal Procedure

Example source: VTE-1

define "Inpatient Encounter With Principal Procedure of SCIP VTE Selected Surgery":
  "Inpatient Encounter" Encounter
	  let PrincipalProcedure:
		  singleton from (
			  Encounter.extension E
				  where E.url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter-procedure'
					  and exists (E.extension I where I.url = 'type' and I.value ~ "Primary procedure")
					return singleton from (
							E.extension I where I.url = 'procedure' return GetProcedure(I.value)
						)
			)
		where PrincipalProcedure.code in "SCIP VTE Selected Surgery"

define function GetProcedure(reference Reference):
  singleton from ["Procedure": id in GetId(reference.reference))]

define function GetId(uri String):
  Last(Split(uri, '/'))
    

Diagnosis Examples

Example source: EXM72_FHIR-8.1.0_TJC.cql

define "Condition of Intravenous or Intra arterial Thrombolytic (tPA) Therapy Prior to Arrival":
    Condition: "Intravenous or Intra arterial Thrombolytic (tPA) Therapy Prior to Arrival"] PriorTPA
        where clinicalStatus in { 'active', 'recurrence', 'relapse' }

Note that verificationStatus is not being checked due to feedback received that it may be difficult for implementers to retrieve the element.

Medications

Example source: EXM108_FHIR

define "VTE Prophylaxis by Medication Administered":
    ["MedicationAdministration": medication in "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"] VTEMedication
        where VTEMedication.status = 'completed'
            and VTEMedication.dosage.route in "Subcutaneous route"

Medications at discharge

Example source: EXM104_FHIR-8.1.000_TJC.cql

define "Antithrombotic Therapy at Discharge":
    ["MedicationRequest": "Antithrombotic Therapy"] Antithrombotic
        where exists (Antithrombotic.category C where FHIRHelpers.ToConcept(C) ~ "Discharge")
            and Antithrombotic.intent = 'order'

Note that the FHIRHelpers.ToConcept usage is intended to be implicit and will be unnecessary once QUICK is fully supported.

Medication not discharged

define "Antithrombotic Not Given at Discharge":
    ["MedicationRequest": "Antithrombotic Therapy"] NoAntithromboticDischarge
        // STU3
            where exists (
                NoAntithromboticDischarge.extension E
                    where E.url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-deqm/STU3/StructureDefinition/extension-doNotPerform'
                        and E.value is true
		            )
		            // R4
		            //where NoAntithromboticDischarge.doNotPerform is true
			            and (singleton from NoAntithromboticDischarge.reasonCode in "Medical Reason"
				            or singleton from NoAntithromboticDischarge.reasonCode in "Patient Refusal")

// NOTE: On the assumption that status of not-taken is the closest to what the measure is looking for, this is the expression:
// Ballot-note: Request discussion w/ Pharmacy regarding how medications not prescribed at discharged would be documented
//define "Antithrombotic Not Given at Discharge R4":
//  ["MedicationStatement": "Antithrombotic Therapy"] AntithromboticTherapy
//	  where AntithromboticTherapy.status = 'not-taken'
//		  and (AntithromboticTherapy.statusReason in "Medical Reason"
//				or AntithrombtoicTherapy.statusReason in "Patient Refusal")

Medication not administered

Example source: EXM108_FHIR

define "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Administered":
    ["MedicationAdministration": medication in "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"] MedicationAdm
        where MedicationAdm.status = 'not-done'

Medication not ordered

Example source: EXM108_FHIR

define "No VTE Prophylaxis Medication Ordered":
    ["MedicationRequest": medication in "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"] MedicationOrder
        where MedicationOrder.intent = 'order'
        and MedicationOrder.doNotPerform is true

Ballot-note: Note that the MedicationRequest status element is not being checked here. What is the status element expected to be for a MedicationRequest with doNotPerform set to true?

Procedures/Interventions

Example source: EXM108_FHIR

define "Intervention Comfort Measures":
    (["ServiceRequest": "Comfort Measures"] P
        where P.intent = 'order')
    union
    (["Procedure": "Comfort Measures"] IntervetionPerformed
        where IntervetionPerformed.status = 'completed')

Device Use

Example source: EXM108_FHIR

define "VTE Prophylaxis by Device Applied":
    (
            ["DeviceUseStatement": code in "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)"]
        union ["DeviceUseStatement": code in "Venous foot pumps (VFP)"]
            union ["DeviceUseStatement": code in "Graduated compression stockings (GCS)"]
    ) DeviceApplied
            where DeviceApplied.status = 'completed'
    

Device Not Used

Example source: EXM108_FHIR

define "No VTE Prophylaxis Device Applied":
    (["DeviceUseStatement": code in "Venous foot pumps (VFP)"]
    union ["DeviceUseStatement": code in "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)"]
    union ["DeviceUseStatement": code in "Graduated compression stockings (GCS)"]
    ) DeviceApplied
        where GetExtension(DeviceApplied.extension, 'http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-deviceusestatement-notDone').value is true

Device Not Ordered

Example source: EXM108_FHIR

define "No VTE Prophylaxis Device Ordered":
    ["DeviceRequest": code in "Venous foot pumps (VFP)"]
        union ["DeviceRequest": code in "Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC)"]
        union ["DeviceRequest": code in "Graduated compression stockings (GCS)"]
    ) DevideOrder
        where DevideOrder.intent = 'Order'
            and GetExtension(DevideOrder.extension, 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/request-doNotPerform').value is true