Structured Data Capture
4.0.0-ballot - STU 4 ballot International flag

This page is part of the Structured Data Capture FHIR IG (v4.0.0-ballot: STU 4 Ballot 1) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) R4. The current version which supersedes this version is 3.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: SDCQuestionnaireRender - Detailed Descriptions

Page standards status: Trial-use Maturity Level: 4

Definitions for the sdc-questionnaire-render resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Questionnaire
Definition

Defines additional capabilities for controlling the rendering of the questionnaire.

ShortAdvanced Rendering Questionnaire
2. Questionnaire.modifierExtension
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.modifierExtension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 4. Questionnaire.modifierExtension:rendering-criticalExtension
    Slice Namerendering-criticalExtension
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(Rendering Critical Extension) (Extension Type: canonical)
    Must Supporttrue
    6. Questionnaire.title
    8. Questionnaire.title.extension
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.title.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 10. Questionnaire.title.extension:title-renderingStyle
      Slice Nametitle-renderingStyle
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
      12. Questionnaire.title.extension:title-xhtml
      Slice Nametitle-xhtml
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
      14. Questionnaire.item
      16. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemMedia
      Slice NameitemMedia
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Item Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
      18. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemOptionalDisplay
      Slice NameitemOptionalDisplay
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Optional Display?) (Extension Type: boolean)
      20. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemShortText
      Slice NameitemShortText
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Short Text) (Extension Type: string)
      22. Questionnaire.item.extension:openLabel
      Slice NameopenLabel
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Label for 'open' items) (Extension Type: string)
      24. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemControl
      Slice NameitemControl
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Item Control) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
      Must Supporttrue
      26. Questionnaire.item.extension:choiceOrientation
      Slice NamechoiceOrientation
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Questionnaire ChoiceOrientation) (Extension Type: code)
      28. Questionnaire.item.extension:displayCategory
      Slice NamedisplayCategory
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Display Category) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
      Must Supporttrue
      30. Questionnaire.item.extension:supportLink
      Slice NamesupportLink
      Control0..*
      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Support Link) (Extension Type: uri)
      32. Questionnaire.item.extension:choiceColumn
      Slice NamechoiceColumn
      Control0..*
      TypeExtension(Choice column) (Complex Extension)
      34. Questionnaire.item.extension:width
      Slice Namewidth
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Width of column) (Extension Type: Quantity)
      36. Questionnaire.item.extension:sliderStepValue
      Slice NamesliderStepValue
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Slider Step Value) (Extension Type: integer)
      38. Questionnaire.item.extension:entryFormat
      Slice NameentryFormat
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Entry format) (Extension Type: string)
      Must Supporttrue
      40. Questionnaire.item.extension:collapsible
      Slice Namecollapsible
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Collapsible) (Extension Type: code)
      42. Questionnaire.item.extension:columnCount
      Slice NamecolumnCount
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Number of columns for child item layout) (Extension Type: positiveInt)
      44. Questionnaire.item.extension:keyboardType
      Slice NamekeyboardType
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Keyboard Type Extension) (Extension Type: Coding)
      46. Questionnaire.item.prefix
      48. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 50. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension:itemLabel-renderingStyle
        Slice NameitemLabel-renderingStyle
        Control0..1
        TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
        52. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension:itemLabel-xhtml
        Slice NameitemLabel-xhtml
        Control0..1
        TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
        54. Questionnaire.item.text
        56. Questionnaire.item.text.extension
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.text.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 58. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:groupText-renderingStyle
          Slice NamegroupText-renderingStyle
          Control0..1
          TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
          60. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:groupText-xhtml
          Slice NamegroupText-xhtml
          Control0..1
          TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
          62. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:expression
          Slice Nameexpression
          Comments

          Note: The variation cannot change the meaning of the question. The extension can be used even if text is present; and if the extension is supported, the evaluation will replace the text provided (with 'smarter' text).

          Control0..1
          TypeExtension(CQF Expression) (Extension Type: Expression)
          Must Supporttrue
          64. Questionnaire.item.answerOption
          66. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ url
          • 68. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension:itemAnswerMedia
            Slice NameitemAnswerMedia
            Control0..1
            TypeExtension(Item Answer Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
            70. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension:optionPrefix
            Slice NameoptionPrefix
            Control0..1
            TypeExtension(Questionnaire Option Prefix) (Extension Type: string)
            72. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • type @ $this
            • 74. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString
              Slice NamevalueString
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              76. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension
              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x].extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
              • value @ url
              • 78. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension:optionString-renderingStyle
                Slice NameoptionString-renderingStyle
                Control0..1
                TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                80. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension:optionString-xhtml
                Slice NameoptionString-xhtml
                Control0..1
                TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                82. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding
                Slice NamevalueCoding
                Control0..1
                TypeCoding
                [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                84. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display
                86. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.extension
                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x].display.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                • value @ url
                • 88. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.extension:optionDisplay-renderingStyle
                  Slice NameoptionDisplay-renderingStyle
                  Control0..1
                  TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                  90. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.extension:optionDisplay-xhtml
                  Slice NameoptionDisplay-xhtml
                  Control0..1
                  TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)

                  Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

                  0. Questionnaire
                  Definition

                  Defines additional capabilities for controlling the rendering of the questionnaire.


                  A structured set of questions intended to guide the collection of answers from end-users. Questionnaires provide detailed control over order, presentation, phraseology and grouping to allow coherent, consistent data collection.

                  ShortAdvanced Rendering QuestionnaireA structured set of questions
                  Control0..*
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate NamesForm, CRF, Survey
                  Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
                  dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
                  dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
                  dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
                  dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
                  que-0: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation (name.matches('[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}'))
                  que-2: The link ids for groups and questions must be unique within the questionnaire (descendants().linkId.isDistinct())
                  cnl-0: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation (name.exists() implies name.matches('^[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){1,254}$'))
                  sdc-2: If version is present, versionAlgorithm must be present. (version.exists() implies extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x]').exists())
                  sdc-3: Semver is the preferred version algorithm - package machinery doesn't work well with artifacts using alternate versioning schemes (extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x]').all(value.ofType(Coding).where(system='http://hl7.org/fhir/version-algorithm' and code='semver').exists()))
                  que-0: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation (name.matches('[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}'))
                  que-2: The link ids for groups and questions must be unique within the questionnaire (descendants().linkId.isDistinct())
                  2. Questionnaire.implicitRules
                  Definition

                  A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

                  ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
                  Comments

                  Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

                  Control0..1
                  Typeuri
                  Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  4. Questionnaire.extension:versionAlgorithm
                  Slice NameversionAlgorithm
                  Definition

                  Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

                  ShortOptional Extensions Element
                  Control0..1
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                  TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: Choice of: string, Coding)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  6. Questionnaire.extension:copyrightLabel
                  Slice NamecopyrightLabel
                  Definition

                  Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

                  ShortOptional Extensions Element
                  Control0..1
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                  TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Questionnaire.copyrightLabel for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: string)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  8. Questionnaire.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  An Extension


                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.modifierExtension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                  • value @ url
                  • 10. Questionnaire.modifierExtension:rendering-criticalExtension
                    Slice Namerendering-criticalExtension
                    Definition

                    Indicates an extension that must be supported by the system presenting the instance for data capture or end-user consumption. If a system does not recognize the extension or cannot implement the functionality defined by the extension, it should display an error message or warning and refrain from presenting the instance to the user or using it when capturing data.

                    ShortExtension that must be supported
                    Comments

                    This may point to extensions that control the appearance of data elements, control what value elements have, what elements are or are not available, what elements can or cannot be edited, or rules about how editing may occur. This extension does NOT apply when simply rendering a resource for publication purposes or for other purposes not intended for end-user data capture or data consumption.

                    Control0..*
                    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                    TypeExtension(Rendering Critical Extension) (Extension Type: canonical)
                    Is Modifiertrue because Indicates that the Questionnaire can't be safely rendered in certain situations
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    12. Questionnaire.title
                    Definition

                    A short, descriptive, user-friendly title for the questionnaire.

                    ShortName for this questionnaire (human friendly)
                    Comments

                    This name does not need to be machine-processing friendly and may contain punctuation, white-space, etc.

                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    14. Questionnaire.title.extension
                    Definition

                    An Extension


                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                    ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.title.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                    • value @ url
                    • 16. Questionnaire.title.extension:title-renderingStyle
                      Slice Nametitle-renderingStyle
                      Definition

                      Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                      ShortHtml style value
                      Comments

                      This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                      For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      18. Questionnaire.title.extension:title-xhtml
                      Slice Nametitle-xhtml
                      Definition

                      This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                      ShortString equivalent with html markup
                      Comments

                      For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      20. Questionnaire.status
                      Definition

                      The status of this questionnaire. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the content.

                      Shortdraft | active | retired | unknown
                      Comments

                      Allows filtering of questionnaires that are appropriate for use versus not.

                      Control1..1
                      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from PublicationStatushttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/publication-status|4.0.1
                      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/publication-status|4.0.1)

                      The lifecycle status of an artifact.

                      Typecode
                      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not use a retired {{title}} without due consideration
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Summarytrue
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      22. Questionnaire.item
                      Definition

                      A particular question, question grouping or display text that is part of the questionnaire.

                      ShortQuestions and sections within the Questionnaire
                      Comments

                      The content of the questionnaire is constructed from an ordered, hierarchical collection of items.

                      Control0..*
                      This element is affected by the following invariants: que-3
                      TypeBackboneElement
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      que-1: Group items must have nested items, display items cannot have nested items ((type='group' implies item.empty().not()) and (type.trace('type')='display' implies item.trace('item').empty()))
                      que-3: Display items cannot have a "code" asserted (type!='display' or code.empty())
                      que-4: A question cannot have both answerOption and answerValueSet (answerOption.empty() or answerValueSet.empty())
                      que-5: Only 'choice' and 'open-choice' items can have answerValueSet ((type ='choice' or type = 'open-choice' or type = 'decimal' or type = 'integer' or type = 'date' or type = 'dateTime' or type = 'time' or type = 'string' or type = 'quantity') or (answerValueSet.empty() and answerOption.empty()))
                      que-6: Required and repeat aren't permitted for display items (type!='display' or (required.empty() and repeats.empty()))
                      que-8: Initial values can't be specified for groups or display items ((type!='group' and type!='display') or initial.empty())
                      que-9: Read-only can't be specified for "display" items (type!='display' or readOnly.empty())
                      que-10: Maximum length can only be declared for simple question types ((type in ('boolean' | 'decimal' | 'integer' | 'string' | 'text' | 'url' | 'open-choice')) or maxLength.empty())
                      que-11: If one or more answerOption is present, initial[x] must be missing (answerOption.empty() or initial.empty())
                      que-12: If there are more than one enableWhen, enableBehavior must be specified (enableWhen.count() > 2 implies enableBehavior.exists())
                      que-13: Can only have multiple initial values for repeating items (repeats=true or initial.count() <= 1)
                      sdc-1: An item cannot have an answerExpression if answerOption or answerValueSet is already present. (extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-answerExpression').empty().not() implies (answerOption.empty() and answerValueSet.empty()))
                      que-1a: Group items must have nested items when Questionanire is complete ((type='group' and %resource.status='complete') implies item.empty().not())
                      que-1b: Groups should have items (type='group' implies item.empty().not())
                      que-1c: Display items cannot have child items (type='display' implies item.empty())
                      que-14: Can only have answerConstraint if answerOption, answerValueSet, or answerExpression are present. (This is a warning because other extensions may serve the same purpose) (extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint').exists() implies answerOption.exists() or answerValueSet.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-answerExpression').exists())
                      que-1: Group items must have nested items, display items cannot have nested items ((type='group' implies item.empty().not()) and (type.trace('type')='display' implies item.trace('item').empty()))
                      que-3: Display items cannot have a "code" asserted (type!='display' or code.empty())
                      que-4: A question cannot have both answerOption and answerValueSet (answerOption.empty() or answerValueSet.empty())
                      que-5: Only 'choice' and 'open-choice' items can have answerValueSet ((type ='choice' or type = 'open-choice' or type = 'decimal' or type = 'integer' or type = 'date' or type = 'dateTime' or type = 'time' or type = 'string' or type = 'quantity') or (answerValueSet.empty() and answerOption.empty()))
                      que-6: Required and repeat aren't permitted for display items (type!='display' or (required.empty() and repeats.empty()))
                      que-8: Initial values can't be specified for groups or display items ((type!='group' and type!='display') or initial.empty())
                      que-9: Read-only can't be specified for "display" items (type!='display' or readOnly.empty())
                      que-10: Maximum length can only be declared for simple question types ((type in ('boolean' | 'decimal' | 'integer' | 'string' | 'text' | 'url' | 'open-choice')) or maxLength.empty())
                      que-11: If one or more answerOption is present, initial[x] must be missing (answerOption.empty() or initial.empty())
                      que-12: If there are more than one enableWhen, enableBehavior must be specified (enableWhen.count() > 2 implies enableBehavior.exists())
                      que-13: Can only have multiple initial values for repeating items (repeats=true or initial.count() <= 1)
                      24. Questionnaire.item.extension:hidden
                      Slice Namehidden
                      Definition

                      If true, indicates that the extended item should not be displayed to the user.

                      ShortDon't display to user
                      Comments

                      If an item is hidden, all descendant items are hidden as well. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Hidden) (Extension Type: boolean)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      26. Questionnaire.item.extension:answerConstraint
                      Slice NameanswerConstraint
                      Definition

                      Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

                      ShortOptional Extensions Element
                      Control0..1
                      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                      TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: code)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      28. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemMedia
                      Slice NameitemMedia
                      Definition

                      Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to the question being asked

                      ShortMedia to display
                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Item Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      30. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemOptionalDisplay
                      Slice NameitemOptionalDisplay
                      Definition

                      This extension is used when defining high-level questionnaires that will then be used as a basis for 'derived' Questionnaires that are further refined for use in specific organizations or contexts. If the extension is present and set to 'true', it means that this item should be considered to be 'optional' from an adaptation perspective and that the question can be removed (i.e. not displayed) in derived questionnaires without impacting the validity of the instrument. Alternatively, the element can be marked as 'hidden' and 'readOnly' and have a value or descendant item values declared using initialValue or initialExpression. If the element with 'optionalDisplay=true' is marked as 'required=true', then this second approach is the only means to exclude the element from display.

                      ShortCan suppress from display to user
                      Comments

                      If a group or question that contains other groups or questions is marked as "optional", all of its contents are automatically also treated as optional.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Optional Display?) (Extension Type: boolean)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      32. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemShortText
                      Slice NameitemShortText
                      Definition

                      The short text for the item.

                      ShortShort text for the item.
                      Comments

                      This element is useful for an item that require a shorter text when rendered (e.g. when displaying the item on a mobile phone).

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Short Text) (Extension Type: string)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      34. Questionnaire.item.extension:openLabel
                      Slice NameopenLabel
                      Definition

                      The label text to display beside free-text and/or unrestricted type values for an 'open' choice element. E.g. 'Other, please specify', or 'Additional condition', or 'More reason(s)', etc.

                      ShortImage to display
                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Label for 'open' items) (Extension Type: string)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      36. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemControl
                      Slice NameitemControl
                      Definition

                      The type of data entry control or structure that should be used to render the item.

                      ShortE.g. Fly-over, Table, Checkbox, Combo-box, Lookup, etc.
                      Comments

                      Different controls may be appropriate for different item types. It is up to the system rendering a questionnaire as to what controls it will support and for which data types. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Item Control) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      38. Questionnaire.item.extension:choiceOrientation
                      Slice NamechoiceOrientation
                      Definition

                      Identifies the desired orientation when rendering a list of choices (typically radio-box or check-box lists).

                      Shorthorizontal | vertical
                      Comments

                      Systems may choose to wrap answers rather than attempting to display them all in one row or column. Language conventions may determine the order in which the choices are listed (left-to-right or right-to-left, etc.). See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Questionnaire ChoiceOrientation) (Extension Type: code)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      40. Questionnaire.item.extension:displayCategory
                      Slice NamedisplayCategory
                      Definition

                      Describes the intended purpose of the rendered text. For example - instructions, guidance on access control, maintenance information, etc.

                      ShortPurpose of rendered text
                      Comments

                      See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Display Category) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      42. Questionnaire.item.extension:supportLink
                      Slice NamesupportLink
                      Definition

                      A URL that resolves to additional supporting information or guidance related to the question. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      ShortSupporting information
                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Support Link) (Extension Type: uri)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      44. Questionnaire.item.extension:choiceColumn
                      Slice NamechoiceColumn
                      Definition

                      Provides guidelines for rendering multi-column choices. I.e. when displaying a list of codes (for choice or open-choice items) or a list of resources (for reference items), this extension allows the drop-down to have multiple columns. For codes, the author can pick additional code system properties to display - such as alternate display names strength or form for drug codes, etc. For references, the author can choose particular columns from the resource (e.g. first name, last name, specialty, address).

                      ShortGuide for rendering multi-column choices
                      Comments

                      Each repetition represents a column to display.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension(Choice column) (Complex Extension)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      46. Questionnaire.item.extension:width
                      Slice Namewidth
                      Definition

                      When used with an item control that causes the question to appear as a column in a table, indicates the width to give to the column for this question.

                      ShortWidth of column for question
                      Comments

                      code missing = pixels; code = % = percentage.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Width of column) (Extension Type: Quantity)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      48. Questionnaire.item.extension:sliderStepValue
                      Slice NamesliderStepValue
                      Definition

                      For slider-based controls, indicates the step size to use when toggling the control up or down.

                      ShortIncrement value for slider
                      Comments

                      See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Slider Step Value) (Extension Type: integer)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      50. Questionnaire.item.extension:entryFormat
                      Slice NameentryFormat
                      Definition

                      Additional instructions for the user to guide their input (i.e. a human readable version of a regular expression like "nnn-nnn-nnn"). In most UIs this is the placeholder (or 'ghost') text placed directly inside the edit controls and that disappear when the control gets the focus.

                      ShortUser prompt for format
                      Comments

                      For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Entry format) (Extension Type: string)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      52. Questionnaire.item.extension:collapsible
                      Slice Namecollapsible
                      Definition

                      Indicates whether the child items of a group or question item is displayed in collapsible form.

                      ShortIndicates whether the child items of a group or question item is displayed in collapsible form.
                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Collapsible) (Extension Type: code)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      54. Questionnaire.item.extension:columnCount
                      Slice NamecolumnCount
                      Definition

                      For questions with a set of options, indicates the number of columns across which those choices should be organized. E.g., 2 columns, 5 columns, etc.

                      ShortNumber of columns for layout
                      Comments

                      Systems will split the options to maintain balance across the columns. Whether the choices are listed horizontally first or vertically first depends on the choice-orientation extension. Default is vertically first. Note that the number of columns is a recommendation and may not be achievable in all display form factors.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Number of columns for child item layout) (Extension Type: positiveInt)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      56. Questionnaire.item.extension:keyboardType
                      Slice NamekeyboardType
                      Definition

                      For string or text items, indicates the 'keyboard type' that should be used by the user interface to guide entry.

                      ShortKeyboard Type
                      Comments

                      The assertion applies on a per item basis and is not inherited. If the item is 'text', only 'chat' should be declared if this extension is present.

                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Keyboard Type Extension) (Extension Type: Coding)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      58. Questionnaire.item.modifierExtension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      60. Questionnaire.item.linkId
                      Definition

                      An identifier that is unique within the Questionnaire allowing linkage to the equivalent item in a QuestionnaireResponse resource.

                      ShortUnique id for item in questionnaire
                      Comments

                      This ''can'' be a meaningful identifier (e.g. a LOINC code) but is not intended to have any meaning. GUIDs or sequential numbers are appropriate here.

                      Control1..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.


                      QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      que-15: Link ids must be 255 characters or less ($this.length() <= 255)
                      62. Questionnaire.item.prefix
                      Definition

                      A short label for a particular group, question or set of display text within the questionnaire used for reference by the individual completing the questionnaire.

                      ShortE.g. "1(a)", "2.5.3"
                      Comments

                      These are generally unique within a questionnaire, though this is not guaranteed. Some questionnaires may have multiple questions with the same label with logic to control which gets exposed. Typically, these won't be used for "display" items, though such use is not prohibited. Systems SHOULD NOT generate their own prefixes if prefixes are defined for any items within a Questionnaire.

                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Separating the label from the question text allows improved rendering. Also, instructions will often refer to specific prefixes, so there's a need for the questionnaire design to have control over what labels are used.

                      Alternate Nameslabel
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      64. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension
                      Definition

                      An Extension


                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                      ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                      • value @ url
                      • 66. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension:itemLabel-renderingStyle
                        Slice NameitemLabel-renderingStyle
                        Definition

                        Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                        ShortHtml style value
                        Comments

                        This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                        For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                        Control0..1
                        TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        68. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension:itemLabel-xhtml
                        Slice NameitemLabel-xhtml
                        Definition

                        This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                        ShortString equivalent with html markup
                        Comments

                        For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                        Control0..1
                        TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        70. Questionnaire.item.text
                        Definition

                        The name of a section, the text of a question or text content for a display item.

                        ShortPrimary text for the item
                        Comments

                        When using this element to represent the name of a section, use group type item and also make sure to limit the text element to a short string suitable for display as a section heading. Group item instructions should be included as a display type item within the group.

                        Control0..1
                        Typestring
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                        Summaryfalse
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        72. Questionnaire.item.text.extension
                        Definition

                        An Extension


                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                        ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
                        Comments

                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                        Control0..*
                        TypeExtension
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Summaryfalse
                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.text.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                        • value @ url
                        • 74. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:groupText-renderingStyle
                          Slice NamegroupText-renderingStyle
                          Definition

                          Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                          ShortHtml style value
                          Comments

                          This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                          For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                          Control0..1
                          TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          76. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:groupText-xhtml
                          Slice NamegroupText-xhtml
                          Definition

                          This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                          ShortString equivalent with html markup
                          Comments

                          For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                          Control0..1
                          TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          78. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:expression
                          Slice Nameexpression
                          Definition

                          An expression that, when evaluated, provides the value for the element on which it appears.

                          ShortAn dynamic expression
                          Comments

                          Note: The variation cannot change the meaning of the question. The extension can be used even if text is present; and if the extension is supported, the evaluation will replace the text provided (with 'smarter' text).

                          Control0..1
                          TypeExtension(CQF Expression) (Extension Type: Expression)
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Must Supporttrue
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          80. Questionnaire.item.type
                          Definition

                          The type of questionnaire item this is - whether text for display, a grouping of other items or a particular type of data to be captured (string, integer, coded choice, etc.).

                          Shortgroup | display | boolean | decimal | integer | date | dateTime +
                          Comments

                          Time is handled using "string". File is handled using Attachment. (Content can be sent as a contained binary).


                          Additional constraints on the type of answer can be conveyed by extensions. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                          Control1..1
                          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuestionnaireItemTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/item-type|4.0.1
                          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/item-type|4.0.1)

                          Distinguishes groups from questions and display text and indicates data type for questions.

                          Typecode
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Must Supporttrue
                          Summaryfalse
                          Requirements

                          Defines the format in which the user is to be prompted for the answer.

                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          82. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen
                          Definition

                          A constraint indicating that this item should only be enabled (displayed/allow answers to be captured) when the specified condition is true.

                          ShortOnly allow data when
                          Comments

                          If multiple repetitions of this extension are present, the item should be enabled when the condition for any of the repetitions is true. I.e. treat "enableWhen"s as being joined by an "or" clause. This element is a modifier because if enableWhen is present for an item, "required" is ignored unless one of the enableWhen conditions is met. When an item is disabled, all of its descendants are disabled, regardless of what their own enableWhen logic might evaluate to.

                          Control0..*
                          TypeBackboneElement
                          Is Modifiertrue because If enableWhen is present and the condition evaluates to false, then the Questionnaire behaves as though the elements weren't actually present
                          Summaryfalse
                          Requirements

                          Allows questionnaires to adapt based on answers to other questions. E.g. If physical gender is specified as a male, no need to capture pregnancy history. Also allows conditional display of instructions or groups of questions.

                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          que-7: If the operator is 'exists', the value must be a boolean (operator = 'exists' implies (answer is Boolean))
                          que-7: If the operator is 'exists', the value must be a boolean (operator = 'exists' implies (answer is Boolean))
                          84. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.modifierExtension
                          Definition

                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                          Comments

                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                          Control0..*
                          TypeExtension
                          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                          Summarytrue
                          Requirements

                          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          86. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.question
                          Definition

                          The linkId for the question whose answer (or lack of answer) governs whether this item is enabled.

                          ShortQuestion that determines whether item is enabled
                          Comments

                          If multiple question occurrences are present for the same question (same linkId), then this refers to the nearest question occurrence reachable by tracing first the "ancestor" axis and then the "preceding" axis and then the "following" axis.

                          Control1..1
                          Typestring
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Summaryfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          88. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator
                          Definition

                          Specifies the criteria by which the question is enabled.

                          Shortexists | = | != | > | < | >= | <=
                          Control1..1
                          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuestionnaireItemOperatorhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-enable-operator|4.0.1
                          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-enable-operator|4.0.1)

                          The criteria by which a question is enabled.

                          Typecode
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Summaryfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          90. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x]
                          Definition

                          A value that the referenced question is tested using the specified operator in order for the item to be enabled.

                          ShortValue for question comparison based on operator
                          Control1..1
                          This element is affected by the following invariants: que-7
                          BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
                          (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                          Allowed values to answer questions.

                          TypeChoice of: boolean, decimal, integer, date, dateTime, time, string, Coding, Quantity, Reference(Resource)
                          [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Summaryfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          92. Questionnaire.item.required
                          Definition

                          An indication, if true, that the item must be present in a "completed" QuestionnaireResponse. If false, the item may be skipped when answering the questionnaire.

                          ShortWhether the item must be included in data results
                          Comments

                          Questionnaire.item.required only has meaning for elements that are conditionally enabled with enableWhen if the condition evaluates to true. If an item that contains other items is marked as required, that does not automatically make the contained elements required (though required groups must contain at least one child element). The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                          Control0..1
                          This element is affected by the following invariants: que-6
                          Typeboolean
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Must Supporttrue
                          Summaryfalse
                          Meaning if MissingItems are generally assumed not to be required unless explicitly specified. Systems SHOULD always populate this value
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          94. Questionnaire.item.repeats
                          Definition

                          An indication, if true, that a QuestionnaireResponse for this item may include multiple answers associated with a single instance of this item (for question-type items) or multiple repetitions of the item (for group-type items)


                          An indication, if true, that the item may occur multiple times in the response, collecting multiple answers for questions or multiple sets of answers for groups.

                          ShortWhether the item may repeat
                          Comments

                          If a question is marked as repeats=true, then multiple answers can be provided for the question in the corresponding QuestionnaireResponse. When rendering the questionnaire, it is up to the rendering software whether to render the question text for each answer repetition (i.e. "repeat the question") or to simply allow entry/selection of multiple answers for the question (repeat the answers). Which is most appropriate visually may depend on the type of answer as well as whether there are nested items.

                          The resulting QuestionnaireResponse will be populated the same way regardless of rendering - one 'question' item with multiple answer values.

                          The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                          Control0..1
                          This element is affected by the following invariants: que-6
                          Typeboolean
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Must Supporttrue
                          Summaryfalse
                          Requirements

                          Items may be used to create set of (related) questions that can be repeated to give multiple answers to such a set.

                          Meaning if MissingItems are generally assumed not to repeat unless explicitly specified. Systems SHOULD always populate this value
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          96. Questionnaire.item.readOnly
                          Definition

                          An indication, when true, that the value cannot be changed by a human respondent to the Questionnaire.

                          ShortDon't allow human editing
                          Comments

                          The value of readOnly elements can be established by asserting extensions for defaultValues, linkages that support pre-population and/or extensions that support calculation based on other answers.

                          Control0..1
                          This element is affected by the following invariants: que-9
                          Typeboolean
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Must Supporttrue
                          Summaryfalse
                          Requirements

                          Allows certain information to be phrased (and rendered) as a question and an answer, while keeping users from changing it. May also be useful for preventing changes to pre-populated portions of a questionnaire, for calculated values, etc.

                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          98. Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet
                          Definition

                          A reference to a value set containing a list of codes representing permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

                          ShortValueset containing permitted answers
                          Comments

                          LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                          Control0..1
                          This element is affected by the following invariants: que-4, que-5
                          Typecanonical(SDC Value Set, ValueSet)
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Summaryfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          100. Questionnaire.item.answerOption
                          Definition

                          One of the permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

                          ShortPermitted answer
                          Comments

                          This element can be used when the value set machinery of answerValueSet is deemed too cumbersome or when there's a need to capture possible answers that are not codes.

                          Control0..*
                          This element is affected by the following invariants: que-4, que-5
                          TypeBackboneElement
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Must Supporttrue
                          Summaryfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          102. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension
                          Definition

                          An Extension


                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                          ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
                          Comments

                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                          Control0..*
                          TypeExtension
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Summaryfalse
                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                          • value @ url
                          • 104. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension:itemAnswerMedia
                            Slice NameitemAnswerMedia
                            Definition

                            Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to a specific answer option

                            ShortAnswer Media to display
                            Control0..1
                            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                            TypeExtension(Item Answer Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                            106. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension:optionPrefix
                            Slice NameoptionPrefix
                            Definition

                            The label to list in front of a code when presenting a list of possible values in a questionnaire-like fashion.

                            ShortE.g. "(a)", "1.", etc.
                            Comments

                            See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                            Control0..1
                            TypeExtension(Questionnaire Option Prefix) (Extension Type: string)
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                            ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                            108. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.modifierExtension
                            Definition

                            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                            Comments

                            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                            Control0..*
                            TypeExtension
                            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                            Summarytrue
                            Requirements

                            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                            110. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]
                            Definition

                            A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

                            ShortAnswer value
                            Comments

                            The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

                            Control1..1
                            BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
                            (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                            Allowed values to answer questions.

                            TypeChoice of: integer, date, time, string, Coding, Reference(Resource)
                            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                            Must Supporttrue
                            Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
                            Summaryfalse
                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                            • type @ $this
                            • 112. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString
                              Slice NamevalueString
                              Definition

                              A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

                              ShortAnswer value
                              Comments

                              The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

                              Control01..1
                              BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
                              (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                              Allowed values to answer questions.

                              Typestring, date, Coding, Reference(Resource), integer, time
                              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Summaryfalse
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              114. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension
                              Definition

                              An Extension


                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                              ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x].extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                              • value @ url
                              • 116. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension:optionString-renderingStyle
                                Slice NameoptionString-renderingStyle
                                Definition

                                Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                                ShortHtml style value
                                Comments

                                This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                                For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                Control0..1
                                TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                118. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension:optionString-xhtml
                                Slice NameoptionString-xhtml
                                Definition

                                This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                                ShortString equivalent with html markup
                                Comments

                                For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                Control0..1
                                TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                120. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding
                                Slice NamevalueCoding
                                Definition

                                A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

                                ShortAnswer value
                                Comments

                                The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

                                Control01..1
                                BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
                                (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                                Allowed values to answer questions.

                                TypeCoding, date, string, Reference(Resource), integer, time
                                [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Must Supporttrue
                                Summaryfalse
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                122. Questionnaire.item.initial
                                Definition

                                One or more values that should be pre-populated in the answer when initially rendering the questionnaire for user input.

                                ShortInitial value(s) when item is first rendered
                                Comments

                                The user is allowed to change the value and override the default (unless marked as read-only). If the user doesn't change the value, then this initial value will be persisted when the QuestionnaireResponse is initially created. Note that initial values can influence results. The data type of initial[x] must agree with the item.type, and only repeating items can have more then one initial value.

                                Control0..*
                                This element is affected by the following invariants: que-8, que-13
                                TypeBackboneElement
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Must Supporttrue
                                Summaryfalse
                                Requirements

                                In some workflows, having defaults saves time.

                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                124. Questionnaire.item.initial.modifierExtension
                                Definition

                                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                Comments

                                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                Control0..*
                                TypeExtension
                                Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                Summarytrue
                                Requirements

                                Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                126. Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x]
                                Definition

                                The actual value to for an initial answer.

                                ShortActual value for initializing the question
                                Comments

                                The type of the initial value must be consistent with the type of the item.

                                Control1..1
                                BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
                                (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                                Allowed values to answer questions.

                                TypeChoice of: boolean, decimal, integer, date, dateTime, time, string, uri, Attachment, Coding, Quantity, Reference(Resource)
                                [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Must Supporttrue
                                Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
                                Summaryfalse
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                128. Questionnaire.item.item
                                Definition

                                Text, questions and other groups to be nested beneath a question or group.

                                ShortNested questionnaire items
                                Comments

                                There is no specified limit to the depth of nesting. However, Questionnaire authors are encouraged to consider the impact on the user and user interface of overly deep nesting.

                                Control0..*
                                This element is affected by the following invariants: que-1
                                TypeSeettp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Questionnaire#Questionnaire.item
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Must Supporttrue
                                Summaryfalse
                                Requirements

                                Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

                                Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

                                0. Questionnaire
                                Definition

                                Defines additional capabilities for controlling the rendering of the questionnaire.

                                ShortAdvanced Rendering Questionnaire
                                Control0..*
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Summaryfalse
                                Alternate NamesForm, CRF, Survey
                                Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
                                dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
                                dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
                                dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
                                dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
                                que-0: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation (name.matches('[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}'))
                                que-2: The link ids for groups and questions must be unique within the questionnaire (descendants().linkId.isDistinct())
                                cnl-0: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation (name.exists() implies name.matches('^[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){1,254}$'))
                                sdc-2: If version is present, versionAlgorithm must be present. (version.exists() implies extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x]').exists())
                                sdc-3: Semver is the preferred version algorithm - package machinery doesn't work well with artifacts using alternate versioning schemes (extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x]').all(value.ofType(Coding).where(system='http://hl7.org/fhir/version-algorithm' and code='semver').exists()))
                                2. Questionnaire.id
                                Definition

                                The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

                                ShortLogical id of this artifact
                                Comments

                                The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

                                Control0..1
                                Typeid
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Summarytrue
                                4. Questionnaire.meta
                                Definition

                                The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

                                ShortMetadata about the resource
                                Control0..1
                                TypeMeta
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Summarytrue
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                6. Questionnaire.implicitRules
                                Definition

                                A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

                                ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
                                Comments

                                Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

                                Control0..1
                                Typeuri
                                Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Summarytrue
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                8. Questionnaire.language
                                Definition

                                The base language in which the resource is written.

                                ShortLanguage of the resource content
                                Comments

                                Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

                                Control0..1
                                BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
                                (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

                                A human language.

                                Additional BindingsPurpose
                                AllLanguagesMax Binding
                                Typecode
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Summaryfalse
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                10. Questionnaire.text
                                Definition

                                A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

                                ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
                                Comments

                                Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

                                Control0..1
                                TypeNarrative
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Summaryfalse
                                Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                12. Questionnaire.contained
                                Definition

                                These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

                                ShortContained, inline Resources
                                Comments

                                This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

                                Control0..*
                                TypeResource
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Summaryfalse
                                Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
                                14. Questionnaire.extension
                                Definition

                                An Extension

                                ShortExtension
                                Control0..*
                                TypeExtension
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Summaryfalse
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                • value @ url
                                • 16. Questionnaire.extension:versionAlgorithm
                                  Slice NameversionAlgorithm
                                  Definition

                                  Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

                                  ShortOptional Extensions Element
                                  Control0..1
                                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                  TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: Choice of: string, Coding)
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Must Supporttrue
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                  18. Questionnaire.extension:copyrightLabel
                                  Slice NamecopyrightLabel
                                  Definition

                                  Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

                                  ShortOptional Extensions Element
                                  Control0..1
                                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                  TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Questionnaire.copyrightLabel for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: string)
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                  20. Questionnaire.modifierExtension
                                  Definition

                                  An Extension

                                  ShortExtension
                                  Control0..*
                                  TypeExtension
                                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
                                  Summaryfalse
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.modifierExtension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                  • value @ url
                                  • 22. Questionnaire.modifierExtension:rendering-criticalExtension
                                    Slice Namerendering-criticalExtension
                                    Definition

                                    Indicates an extension that must be supported by the system presenting the instance for data capture or end-user consumption. If a system does not recognize the extension or cannot implement the functionality defined by the extension, it should display an error message or warning and refrain from presenting the instance to the user or using it when capturing data.

                                    ShortExtension that must be supported
                                    Comments

                                    This may point to extensions that control the appearance of data elements, control what value elements have, what elements are or are not available, what elements can or cannot be edited, or rules about how editing may occur. This extension does NOT apply when simply rendering a resource for publication purposes or for other purposes not intended for end-user data capture or data consumption.

                                    Control0..*
                                    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                    TypeExtension(Rendering Critical Extension) (Extension Type: canonical)
                                    Is Modifiertrue because Indicates that the Questionnaire can't be safely rendered in certain situations
                                    Must Supporttrue
                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                    24. Questionnaire.url
                                    Definition

                                    An absolute URI that is used to identify this questionnaire when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or an instance; also called its canonical identifier. This SHOULD be globally unique and SHOULD be a literal address at which at which an authoritative instance of this questionnaire is (or will be) published. This URL can be the target of a canonical reference. It SHALL remain the same when the questionnaire is stored on different servers.

                                    ShortCanonical identifier for this questionnaire, represented as a URI (globally unique)
                                    Comments

                                    The name of the referenced questionnaire can be conveyed using the http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/display extension.

                                    Control0..1
                                    Typeuri
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                    Summarytrue
                                    Requirements

                                    … This is the id that will be used to link a QuestionnaireResponse to the Questionnaire the response is for.

                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    cnl-1: Warning Questionnaire.url URL should not contain | or # - these characters make processing canonical references problematic (exists() implies matches('^[^|# ]+$'))
                                    26. Questionnaire.identifier
                                    Definition

                                    A formal identifier that is used to identify this questionnaire when it is represented in other formats, or referenced in a specification, model, design or an instance.

                                    ShortAdditional identifier for the questionnaire
                                    Comments

                                    Typically, this is used for identifiers that can go in an HL7 V3 II (instance identifier) data type, and can then identify this questionnaire outside of FHIR, where it is not possible to use the logical URI.

                                    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                                    Control0..*
                                    TypeIdentifier
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Summarytrue
                                    Requirements

                                    Allows externally provided and/or usable business identifiers to be easily associated with the module.

                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    28. Questionnaire.version
                                    Definition

                                    The identifier that is used to identify this version of the questionnaire when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or instance. This is an arbitrary value managed by the questionnaire author and is not expected to be globally unique. For example, it might be a timestamp (e.g. yyyymmdd) if a managed version is not available. There is also no expectation that versions can be placed in a lexicographical sequence.

                                    ShortBusiness version of the questionnaire
                                    Comments

                                    There may be different questionnaire instances that have the same identifier but different versions. The version can be appended to the url in a reference to allow a reference to a particular business version of the questionnaire with the format [url]|[version].

                                    NoteThis is a business version Id, not a resource version Id (see discussion)
                                    Control0..1
                                    Typestring
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                    Summarytrue
                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    30. Questionnaire.name
                                    Definition

                                    A natural language name identifying the questionnaire. This name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation.

                                    ShortName for this questionnaire (computer friendly)
                                    Comments

                                    The name is not expected to be globally unique. The name should be a simple alphanumeric type name to ensure that it is machine-processing friendly.

                                    Control0..1
                                    This element is affected by the following invariants: inv-0
                                    Typestring
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                    Summarytrue
                                    Requirements

                                    Support human navigation and code generation.

                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    32. Questionnaire.title
                                    Definition

                                    A short, descriptive, user-friendly title for the questionnaire.

                                    ShortName for this questionnaire (human friendly)
                                    Comments

                                    This name does not need to be machine-processing friendly and may contain punctuation, white-space, etc.

                                    Control0..1
                                    Typestring
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                    Must Supporttrue
                                    Summarytrue
                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    34. Questionnaire.title.id
                                    Definition

                                    unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                                    Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                                    Control0..1
                                    Typestring
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                    Summaryfalse
                                    36. Questionnaire.title.extension
                                    Definition

                                    An Extension

                                    ShortExtension
                                    Control0..*
                                    TypeExtension
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Summaryfalse
                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.title.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                    • value @ url
                                    • 38. Questionnaire.title.extension:title-renderingStyle
                                      Slice Nametitle-renderingStyle
                                      Definition

                                      Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                                      ShortHtml style value
                                      Comments

                                      This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                                      For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                      Control0..1
                                      TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                      40. Questionnaire.title.extension:title-xhtml
                                      Slice Nametitle-xhtml
                                      Definition

                                      This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                                      ShortString equivalent with html markup
                                      Comments

                                      For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                      Control0..1
                                      TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                      42. Questionnaire.title.value
                                      Definition

                                      The actual value

                                      ShortPrimitive value for string
                                      Control0..1
                                      Typestring
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Max Length:1048576
                                      44. Questionnaire.derivedFrom
                                      Definition

                                      The URL of a Questionnaire that this Questionnaire is based on.

                                      ShortInstantiates protocol or definition
                                      Control0..*
                                      Typecanonical(Questionnaire)
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Requirements

                                      Allows a Questionnaire to be created based on another Questionnaire.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      46. Questionnaire.status
                                      Definition

                                      The status of this questionnaire. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the content.

                                      Shortdraft | active | retired | unknown
                                      Comments

                                      Allows filtering of questionnaires that are appropriate for use versus not.

                                      Control1..1
                                      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from PublicationStatus
                                      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/publication-status|4.0.1)

                                      The lifecycle status of an artifact.

                                      Typecode
                                      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not use a retired {{title}} without due consideration
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Must Supporttrue
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      48. Questionnaire.experimental
                                      Definition

                                      A Boolean value to indicate that this questionnaire is authored for testing purposes (or education/evaluation/marketing) and is not intended to be used for genuine usage.

                                      ShortFor testing purposes, not real usage
                                      Comments

                                      Allows filtering of questionnaires that are appropriate for use versus not.

                                      Control0..1
                                      Typeboolean
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Requirements

                                      Enables experimental content to be developed following the same lifecycle that would be used for a production-level questionnaire.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      50. Questionnaire.subjectType
                                      Definition

                                      The types of subjects that can be the subject of responses created for the questionnaire.

                                      ShortResource that can be subject of QuestionnaireResponse
                                      Comments

                                      If none are specified, then the subject is unlimited.

                                      Control0..*
                                      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from ResourceType
                                      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types|4.0.1)

                                      One of the resource types defined as part of this version of FHIR.

                                      Typecode
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      52. Questionnaire.date
                                      Definition

                                      The date (and optionally time) when the questionnaire was published. The date must change when the business version changes and it must change if the status code changes. In addition, it should change when the substantive content of the questionnaire changes.

                                      ShortDate last changed
                                      Comments

                                      Note that this is not the same as the resource last-modified-date, since the resource may be a secondary representation of the questionnaire. Additional specific dates may be added as extensions or be found by consulting Provenances associated with past versions of the resource.

                                      Control0..1
                                      TypedateTime
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Alternate NamesRevision Date
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      54. Questionnaire.publisher
                                      Definition

                                      The name of the organization or individual that published the questionnaire.

                                      ShortName of the publisher (organization or individual)
                                      Comments

                                      Usually an organization but may be an individual. The publisher (or steward) of the questionnaire is the organization or individual primarily responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the questionnaire. This is not necessarily the same individual or organization that developed and initially authored the content. The publisher is the primary point of contact for questions or issues with the questionnaire. This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context.

                                      Control0..1
                                      Typestring
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Requirements

                                      Helps establish the "authority/credibility" of the questionnaire. May also allow for contact.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      56. Questionnaire.contact
                                      Definition

                                      Contact details to assist a user in finding and communicating with the publisher.

                                      ShortContact details for the publisher
                                      Comments

                                      May be a web site, an email address, a telephone number, etc.

                                      Control0..*
                                      TypeContactDetail
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      58. Questionnaire.description
                                      Definition

                                      A free text natural language description of the questionnaire from a consumer's perspective.

                                      ShortNatural language description of the questionnaire
                                      Comments

                                      This description can be used to capture details such as why the questionnaire was built, comments about misuse, instructions for clinical use and interpretation, literature references, examples from the paper world, etc. It is not a rendering of the questionnaire as conveyed in the 'text' field of the resource itself. This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context (e.g. the language of the questionnaire is presumed to be the predominant language in the place the questionnaire was created).

                                      Control0..1
                                      Typemarkdown
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      60. Questionnaire.useContext
                                      Definition

                                      The content was developed with a focus and intent of supporting the contexts that are listed. These contexts may be general categories (gender, age, ...) or may be references to specific programs (insurance plans, studies, ...) and may be used to assist with indexing and searching for appropriate questionnaire instances.

                                      ShortThe context that the content is intended to support
                                      Comments

                                      When multiple useContexts are specified, there is no expectation that all or any of the contexts apply.

                                      Control0..*
                                      TypeUsageContext
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Requirements

                                      Assist in searching for appropriate content.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      62. Questionnaire.jurisdiction
                                      Definition

                                      A legal or geographic region in which the questionnaire is intended to be used.

                                      ShortIntended jurisdiction for questionnaire (if applicable)
                                      Comments

                                      It may be possible for the questionnaire to be used in jurisdictions other than those for which it was originally designed or intended.

                                      Control0..*
                                      BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Jurisdiction ValueSet
                                      (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/jurisdiction)

                                      Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use.

                                      TypeCodeableConcept
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      64. Questionnaire.purpose
                                      Definition

                                      Explanation of why this questionnaire is needed and why it has been designed as it has.

                                      ShortWhy this questionnaire is defined
                                      Comments

                                      This element does not describe the usage of the questionnaire. Instead, it provides traceability of ''why'' the resource is either needed or ''why'' it is defined as it is. This may be used to point to source materials or specifications that drove the structure of this questionnaire.

                                      Control0..1
                                      Typemarkdown
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      66. Questionnaire.copyright
                                      Definition

                                      A copyright statement relating to the questionnaire and/or its contents. Copyright statements are generally legal restrictions on the use and publishing of the questionnaire.

                                      ShortUse and/or publishing restrictions
                                      Control0..1
                                      Typemarkdown
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Requirements

                                      Consumers must be able to determine any legal restrictions on the use of the questionnaire and/or its content.

                                      Alternate NamesLicense, Restrictions
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      68. Questionnaire.approvalDate
                                      Definition

                                      The date on which the resource content was approved by the publisher. Approval happens once when the content is officially approved for usage.

                                      ShortWhen the questionnaire was approved by publisher
                                      Comments

                                      The 'date' element may be more recent than the approval date because of minor changes or editorial corrections.

                                      Control0..1
                                      Typedate
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      70. Questionnaire.lastReviewDate
                                      Definition

                                      The date on which the resource content was last reviewed. Review happens periodically after approval but does not change the original approval date.

                                      ShortWhen the questionnaire was last reviewed
                                      Comments

                                      If specified, this date follows the original approval date.

                                      Control0..1
                                      Typedate
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Requirements

                                      Gives a sense of how "current" the content is. Resources that have not been reviewed in a long time may have a risk of being less appropriate/relevant.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      72. Questionnaire.effectivePeriod
                                      Definition

                                      The period during which the questionnaire content was or is planned to be in active use.

                                      ShortWhen the questionnaire is expected to be used
                                      Comments

                                      The effective period for a questionnaire determines when the content is applicable for usage and is independent of publication and review dates. For example, a measure intended to be used for the year 2016 might be published in 2015.

                                      Control0..1
                                      TypePeriod
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Requirements

                                      Allows establishing a transition before a resource comes into effect and also allows for a sunsetting process when new versions of the questionnaire are or are expected to be used instead.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      74. Questionnaire.code
                                      Definition

                                      An identifier for this question or group of questions in a particular terminology such as LOINC.

                                      ShortConcept that represents the overall questionnaire
                                      Control0..*
                                      BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireQuestionCodes
                                      (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-questions)

                                      Codes for questionnaires, groups and individual questions.

                                      TypeCoding
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Requirements

                                      Allows linking of the complete Questionnaire resources to formal terminologies. It's common for "panels" of questions to be identified by a code.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      76. Questionnaire.item
                                      Definition

                                      A particular question, question grouping or display text that is part of the questionnaire.

                                      ShortQuestions and sections within the Questionnaire
                                      Comments

                                      The content of the questionnaire is constructed from an ordered, hierarchical collection of items.

                                      Control0..*
                                      This element is affected by the following invariants: que-3
                                      TypeBackboneElement
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      que-1: Group items must have nested items, display items cannot have nested items ((type='group' implies item.empty().not()) and (type.trace('type')='display' implies item.trace('item').empty()))
                                      que-3: Display items cannot have a "code" asserted (type!='display' or code.empty())
                                      que-4: A question cannot have both answerOption and answerValueSet (answerOption.empty() or answerValueSet.empty())
                                      que-5: Only 'choice' and 'open-choice' items can have answerValueSet ((type ='choice' or type = 'open-choice' or type = 'decimal' or type = 'integer' or type = 'date' or type = 'dateTime' or type = 'time' or type = 'string' or type = 'quantity') or (answerValueSet.empty() and answerOption.empty()))
                                      que-6: Required and repeat aren't permitted for display items (type!='display' or (required.empty() and repeats.empty()))
                                      que-8: Initial values can't be specified for groups or display items ((type!='group' and type!='display') or initial.empty())
                                      que-9: Read-only can't be specified for "display" items (type!='display' or readOnly.empty())
                                      que-10: Maximum length can only be declared for simple question types ((type in ('boolean' | 'decimal' | 'integer' | 'string' | 'text' | 'url' | 'open-choice')) or maxLength.empty())
                                      que-11: If one or more answerOption is present, initial[x] must be missing (answerOption.empty() or initial.empty())
                                      que-12: If there are more than one enableWhen, enableBehavior must be specified (enableWhen.count() > 2 implies enableBehavior.exists())
                                      que-13: Can only have multiple initial values for repeating items (repeats=true or initial.count() <= 1)
                                      sdc-1: An item cannot have an answerExpression if answerOption or answerValueSet is already present. (extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-answerExpression').empty().not() implies (answerOption.empty() and answerValueSet.empty()))
                                      que-1a: Group items must have nested items when Questionanire is complete ((type='group' and %resource.status='complete') implies item.empty().not())
                                      que-1b: Groups should have items (type='group' implies item.empty().not())
                                      que-1c: Display items cannot have child items (type='display' implies item.empty())
                                      que-14: Can only have answerConstraint if answerOption, answerValueSet, or answerExpression are present. (This is a warning because other extensions may serve the same purpose) (extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint').exists() implies answerOption.exists() or answerValueSet.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire-answerExpression').exists())
                                      78. Questionnaire.item.id
                                      Definition

                                      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                      Control0..1
                                      Typestring
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      80. Questionnaire.item.extension
                                      Definition

                                      An Extension

                                      ShortExtension
                                      Control0..*
                                      TypeExtension
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                      • value @ url
                                      • 82. Questionnaire.item.extension:hidden
                                        Slice Namehidden
                                        Definition

                                        If true, indicates that the extended item should not be displayed to the user.

                                        ShortDon't display to user
                                        Comments

                                        If an item is hidden, all descendant items are hidden as well. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Questionnaire Hidden) (Extension Type: boolean)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Must Supporttrue
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        84. Questionnaire.item.extension:answerConstraint
                                        Slice NameanswerConstraint
                                        Definition

                                        Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

                                        ShortOptional Extensions Element
                                        Control0..1
                                        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                        TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: code)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        86. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemMedia
                                        Slice NameitemMedia
                                        Definition

                                        Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to the question being asked

                                        ShortMedia to display
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Item Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        88. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemOptionalDisplay
                                        Slice NameitemOptionalDisplay
                                        Definition

                                        This extension is used when defining high-level questionnaires that will then be used as a basis for 'derived' Questionnaires that are further refined for use in specific organizations or contexts. If the extension is present and set to 'true', it means that this item should be considered to be 'optional' from an adaptation perspective and that the question can be removed (i.e. not displayed) in derived questionnaires without impacting the validity of the instrument. Alternatively, the element can be marked as 'hidden' and 'readOnly' and have a value or descendant item values declared using initialValue or initialExpression. If the element with 'optionalDisplay=true' is marked as 'required=true', then this second approach is the only means to exclude the element from display.

                                        ShortCan suppress from display to user
                                        Comments

                                        If a group or question that contains other groups or questions is marked as "optional", all of its contents are automatically also treated as optional.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Optional Display?) (Extension Type: boolean)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        90. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemShortText
                                        Slice NameitemShortText
                                        Definition

                                        The short text for the item.

                                        ShortShort text for the item.
                                        Comments

                                        This element is useful for an item that require a shorter text when rendered (e.g. when displaying the item on a mobile phone).

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Short Text) (Extension Type: string)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        92. Questionnaire.item.extension:openLabel
                                        Slice NameopenLabel
                                        Definition

                                        The label text to display beside free-text and/or unrestricted type values for an 'open' choice element. E.g. 'Other, please specify', or 'Additional condition', or 'More reason(s)', etc.

                                        ShortImage to display
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Label for 'open' items) (Extension Type: string)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        94. Questionnaire.item.extension:itemControl
                                        Slice NameitemControl
                                        Definition

                                        The type of data entry control or structure that should be used to render the item.

                                        ShortE.g. Fly-over, Table, Checkbox, Combo-box, Lookup, etc.
                                        Comments

                                        Different controls may be appropriate for different item types. It is up to the system rendering a questionnaire as to what controls it will support and for which data types. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Questionnaire Item Control) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Must Supporttrue
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        96. Questionnaire.item.extension:choiceOrientation
                                        Slice NamechoiceOrientation
                                        Definition

                                        Identifies the desired orientation when rendering a list of choices (typically radio-box or check-box lists).

                                        Shorthorizontal | vertical
                                        Comments

                                        Systems may choose to wrap answers rather than attempting to display them all in one row or column. Language conventions may determine the order in which the choices are listed (left-to-right or right-to-left, etc.). See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Questionnaire ChoiceOrientation) (Extension Type: code)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        98. Questionnaire.item.extension:displayCategory
                                        Slice NamedisplayCategory
                                        Definition

                                        Describes the intended purpose of the rendered text. For example - instructions, guidance on access control, maintenance information, etc.

                                        ShortPurpose of rendered text
                                        Comments

                                        See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Questionnaire Display Category) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Must Supporttrue
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        100. Questionnaire.item.extension:supportLink
                                        Slice NamesupportLink
                                        Definition

                                        A URL that resolves to additional supporting information or guidance related to the question. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                        ShortSupporting information
                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension(Questionnaire Support Link) (Extension Type: uri)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        102. Questionnaire.item.extension:choiceColumn
                                        Slice NamechoiceColumn
                                        Definition

                                        Provides guidelines for rendering multi-column choices. I.e. when displaying a list of codes (for choice or open-choice items) or a list of resources (for reference items), this extension allows the drop-down to have multiple columns. For codes, the author can pick additional code system properties to display - such as alternate display names strength or form for drug codes, etc. For references, the author can choose particular columns from the resource (e.g. first name, last name, specialty, address).

                                        ShortGuide for rendering multi-column choices
                                        Comments

                                        Each repetition represents a column to display.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension(Choice column) (Complex Extension)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        104. Questionnaire.item.extension:width
                                        Slice Namewidth
                                        Definition

                                        When used with an item control that causes the question to appear as a column in a table, indicates the width to give to the column for this question.

                                        ShortWidth of column for question
                                        Comments

                                        code missing = pixels; code = % = percentage.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Width of column) (Extension Type: Quantity)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        106. Questionnaire.item.extension:sliderStepValue
                                        Slice NamesliderStepValue
                                        Definition

                                        For slider-based controls, indicates the step size to use when toggling the control up or down.

                                        ShortIncrement value for slider
                                        Comments

                                        See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Questionnaire Slider Step Value) (Extension Type: integer)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        108. Questionnaire.item.extension:entryFormat
                                        Slice NameentryFormat
                                        Definition

                                        Additional instructions for the user to guide their input (i.e. a human readable version of a regular expression like "nnn-nnn-nnn"). In most UIs this is the placeholder (or 'ghost') text placed directly inside the edit controls and that disappear when the control gets the focus.

                                        ShortUser prompt for format
                                        Comments

                                        For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Entry format) (Extension Type: string)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Must Supporttrue
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        110. Questionnaire.item.extension:collapsible
                                        Slice Namecollapsible
                                        Definition

                                        Indicates whether the child items of a group or question item is displayed in collapsible form.

                                        ShortIndicates whether the child items of a group or question item is displayed in collapsible form.
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Collapsible) (Extension Type: code)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        112. Questionnaire.item.extension:columnCount
                                        Slice NamecolumnCount
                                        Definition

                                        For questions with a set of options, indicates the number of columns across which those choices should be organized. E.g., 2 columns, 5 columns, etc.

                                        ShortNumber of columns for layout
                                        Comments

                                        Systems will split the options to maintain balance across the columns. Whether the choices are listed horizontally first or vertically first depends on the choice-orientation extension. Default is vertically first. Note that the number of columns is a recommendation and may not be achievable in all display form factors.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Number of columns for child item layout) (Extension Type: positiveInt)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        114. Questionnaire.item.extension:keyboardType
                                        Slice NamekeyboardType
                                        Definition

                                        For string or text items, indicates the 'keyboard type' that should be used by the user interface to guide entry.

                                        ShortKeyboard Type
                                        Comments

                                        The assertion applies on a per item basis and is not inherited. If the item is 'text', only 'chat' should be declared if this extension is present.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeExtension(Keyboard Type Extension) (Extension Type: Coding)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        116. Questionnaire.item.modifierExtension
                                        Definition

                                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                        Comments

                                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                        Summarytrue
                                        Requirements

                                        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        118. Questionnaire.item.linkId
                                        Definition

                                        An identifier that is unique within the Questionnaire allowing linkage to the equivalent item in a QuestionnaireResponse resource.

                                        ShortUnique id for item in questionnaire
                                        Comments

                                        This ''can'' be a meaningful identifier (e.g. a LOINC code) but is not intended to have any meaning. GUIDs or sequential numbers are appropriate here.

                                        Control1..1
                                        Typestring
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                        Must Supporttrue
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        que-15: Link ids must be 255 characters or less ($this.length() <= 255)
                                        120. Questionnaire.item.definition
                                        Definition

                                        This element is a URI that refers to an ElementDefinition that provides information about this item, including information that might otherwise be included in the instance of the Questionnaire resource. A detailed description of the construction of the URI is shown in Comments, below. If this element is present then the following element values MAY be derived from the Element Definition if the corresponding elements of this Questionnaire resource instance have no value:

                                        • code (ElementDefinition.code)
                                        • type (ElementDefinition.type)
                                        • required (ElementDefinition.min)
                                        • repeats (ElementDefinition.max)
                                        • maxLength (ElementDefinition.maxLength)
                                        • answerValueSet (ElementDefinition.binding)
                                        • options (ElementDefinition.binding).
                                        ShortElementDefinition - details for the item
                                        Comments

                                        The uri refers to an ElementDefinition in a StructureDefinition and always starts with the canonical URL for the target resource. When referring to a StructureDefinition, a fragment identifier is used to specify the element definition by its id Element.id. E.g. http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation#Observation.value[x]. In the absence of a fragment identifier, the first/root element definition in the target is the matching element definition.

                                        Control0..1
                                        Typeuri
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        A common pattern is to define a set of data elements and then build multiple questionnaires for different circumstances to gather the data. This element provides traceability to the common definition and allows the content for the question to come from the underlying definition.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        122. Questionnaire.item.code
                                        Definition

                                        A terminology code that corresponds to this group or question (e.g. a code from LOINC, which defines many questions and answers).

                                        ShortCorresponding concept for this item in a terminology
                                        Comments

                                        The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                                        Control0..*
                                        This element is affected by the following invariants: que-3
                                        BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireQuestionCodes
                                        (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-questions)

                                        Codes for questionnaires, groups and individual questions.

                                        TypeCoding
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Allows linking of groups of questions to formal terminologies.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        124. Questionnaire.item.prefix
                                        Definition

                                        A short label for a particular group, question or set of display text within the questionnaire used for reference by the individual completing the questionnaire.

                                        ShortE.g. "1(a)", "2.5.3"
                                        Comments

                                        These are generally unique within a questionnaire, though this is not guaranteed. Some questionnaires may have multiple questions with the same label with logic to control which gets exposed. Typically, these won't be used for "display" items, though such use is not prohibited. Systems SHOULD NOT generate their own prefixes if prefixes are defined for any items within a Questionnaire.

                                        Control0..1
                                        Typestring
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                        Must Supporttrue
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Separating the label from the question text allows improved rendering. Also, instructions will often refer to specific prefixes, so there's a need for the questionnaire design to have control over what labels are used.

                                        Alternate Nameslabel
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        126. Questionnaire.item.prefix.id
                                        Definition

                                        unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                                        Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                                        Control0..1
                                        Typestring
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        128. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension
                                        Definition

                                        An Extension

                                        ShortExtension
                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                        • value @ url
                                        • 130. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension:itemLabel-renderingStyle
                                          Slice NameitemLabel-renderingStyle
                                          Definition

                                          Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                                          ShortHtml style value
                                          Comments

                                          This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                                          For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                          Control0..1
                                          TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          132. Questionnaire.item.prefix.extension:itemLabel-xhtml
                                          Slice NameitemLabel-xhtml
                                          Definition

                                          This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                                          ShortString equivalent with html markup
                                          Comments

                                          For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                          Control0..1
                                          TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          134. Questionnaire.item.prefix.value
                                          Definition

                                          The actual value

                                          ShortPrimitive value for string
                                          Control0..1
                                          Typestring
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Max Length:1048576
                                          136. Questionnaire.item.text
                                          Definition

                                          The name of a section, the text of a question or text content for a display item.

                                          ShortPrimary text for the item
                                          Comments

                                          When using this element to represent the name of a section, use group type item and also make sure to limit the text element to a short string suitable for display as a section heading. Group item instructions should be included as a display type item within the group.

                                          Control0..1
                                          Typestring
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          138. Questionnaire.item.text.id
                                          Definition

                                          unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                                          Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                                          Control0..1
                                          Typestring
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          140. Questionnaire.item.text.extension
                                          Definition

                                          An Extension

                                          ShortExtension
                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeExtension
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.text.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                          • value @ url
                                          • 142. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:groupText-renderingStyle
                                            Slice NamegroupText-renderingStyle
                                            Definition

                                            Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                                            ShortHtml style value
                                            Comments

                                            This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                                            For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                            Control0..1
                                            TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                            144. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:groupText-xhtml
                                            Slice NamegroupText-xhtml
                                            Definition

                                            This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                                            ShortString equivalent with html markup
                                            Comments

                                            For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                            Control0..1
                                            TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                            146. Questionnaire.item.text.extension:expression
                                            Slice Nameexpression
                                            Definition

                                            An expression that, when evaluated, provides the value for the element on which it appears.

                                            ShortAn dynamic expression
                                            Comments

                                            Note: The variation cannot change the meaning of the question. The extension can be used even if text is present; and if the extension is supported, the evaluation will replace the text provided (with 'smarter' text).

                                            Control0..1
                                            TypeExtension(CQF Expression) (Extension Type: Expression)
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Must Supporttrue
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                            148. Questionnaire.item.text.value
                                            Definition

                                            The actual value

                                            ShortPrimitive value for string
                                            Control0..1
                                            Typestring
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Max Length:1048576
                                            150. Questionnaire.item.type
                                            Definition

                                            The type of questionnaire item this is - whether text for display, a grouping of other items or a particular type of data to be captured (string, integer, coded choice, etc.).

                                            Shortgroup | display | boolean | decimal | integer | date | dateTime +
                                            Comments

                                            Time is handled using "string". File is handled using Attachment. (Content can be sent as a contained binary).

                                            Control1..1
                                            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuestionnaireItemType
                                            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/item-type|4.0.1)

                                            Distinguishes groups from questions and display text and indicates data type for questions.

                                            Typecode
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Must Supporttrue
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Requirements

                                            Defines the format in which the user is to be prompted for the answer.

                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            152. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen
                                            Definition

                                            A constraint indicating that this item should only be enabled (displayed/allow answers to be captured) when the specified condition is true.

                                            ShortOnly allow data when
                                            Comments

                                            If multiple repetitions of this extension are present, the item should be enabled when the condition for any of the repetitions is true. I.e. treat "enableWhen"s as being joined by an "or" clause. This element is a modifier because if enableWhen is present for an item, "required" is ignored unless one of the enableWhen conditions is met. When an item is disabled, all of its descendants are disabled, regardless of what their own enableWhen logic might evaluate to.

                                            Control0..*
                                            TypeBackboneElement
                                            Is Modifiertrue because If enableWhen is present and the condition evaluates to false, then the Questionnaire behaves as though the elements weren't actually present
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Requirements

                                            Allows questionnaires to adapt based on answers to other questions. E.g. If physical gender is specified as a male, no need to capture pregnancy history. Also allows conditional display of instructions or groups of questions.

                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            que-7: If the operator is 'exists', the value must be a boolean (operator = 'exists' implies (answer is Boolean))
                                            154. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.id
                                            Definition

                                            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                            Control0..1
                                            Typestring
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            156. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.extension
                                            Definition

                                            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                            ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                            Comments

                                            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                            Control0..*
                                            TypeExtension
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                            158. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.modifierExtension
                                            Definition

                                            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                            Comments

                                            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                            Control0..*
                                            TypeExtension
                                            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                            Summarytrue
                                            Requirements

                                            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                            160. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.question
                                            Definition

                                            The linkId for the question whose answer (or lack of answer) governs whether this item is enabled.

                                            ShortQuestion that determines whether item is enabled
                                            Comments

                                            If multiple question occurrences are present for the same question (same linkId), then this refers to the nearest question occurrence reachable by tracing first the "ancestor" axis and then the "preceding" axis and then the "following" axis.

                                            Control1..1
                                            Typestring
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            162. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator
                                            Definition

                                            Specifies the criteria by which the question is enabled.

                                            Shortexists | = | != | > | < | >= | <=
                                            Control1..1
                                            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuestionnaireItemOperator
                                            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-enable-operator|4.0.1)

                                            The criteria by which a question is enabled.

                                            Typecode
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            164. Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x]
                                            Definition

                                            A value that the referenced question is tested using the specified operator in order for the item to be enabled.

                                            ShortValue for question comparison based on operator
                                            Control1..1
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-7
                                            BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodes
                                            (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                                            Allowed values to answer questions.

                                            TypeChoice of: boolean, decimal, integer, date, dateTime, time, string, Coding, Quantity, Reference(Resource)
                                            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            166. Questionnaire.item.enableBehavior
                                            Definition

                                            Controls how multiple enableWhen values are interpreted - whether all or any must be true.

                                            Shortall | any
                                            Comments

                                            This element must be specified if more than one enableWhen value is provided.

                                            Control0..1
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-12
                                            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from EnableWhenBehavior
                                            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-enable-behavior|4.0.1)

                                            Controls how multiple enableWhen values are interpreted - whether all or any must be true.

                                            Typecode
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            168. Questionnaire.item.required
                                            Definition

                                            An indication, if true, that the item must be present in a "completed" QuestionnaireResponse. If false, the item may be skipped when answering the questionnaire.

                                            ShortWhether the item must be included in data results
                                            Comments

                                            Questionnaire.item.required only has meaning for elements that are conditionally enabled with enableWhen if the condition evaluates to true. If an item that contains other items is marked as required, that does not automatically make the contained elements required (though required groups must contain at least one child element). The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                                            Control0..1
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-6
                                            Typeboolean
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Must Supporttrue
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Meaning if MissingItems are generally assumed not to be required unless explicitly specified. Systems SHOULD always populate this value
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            170. Questionnaire.item.repeats
                                            Definition

                                            An indication, if true, that a QuestionnaireResponse for this item may include multiple answers associated with a single instance of this item (for question-type items) or multiple repetitions of the item (for group-type items)

                                            ShortWhether the item may repeat
                                            Comments

                                            If a question is marked as repeats=true, then multiple answers can be provided for the question in the corresponding QuestionnaireResponse. When rendering the questionnaire, it is up to the rendering software whether to render the question text for each answer repetition (i.e. "repeat the question") or to simply allow entry/selection of multiple answers for the question (repeat the answers). Which is most appropriate visually may depend on the type of answer as well as whether there are nested items.

                                            The resulting QuestionnaireResponse will be populated the same way regardless of rendering - one 'question' item with multiple answer values.

                                            The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                                            Control0..1
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-6
                                            Typeboolean
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Must Supporttrue
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Requirements

                                            Items may be used to create set of (related) questions that can be repeated to give multiple answers to such a set.

                                            Meaning if MissingItems are generally assumed not to repeat unless explicitly specified. Systems SHOULD always populate this value
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            172. Questionnaire.item.readOnly
                                            Definition

                                            An indication, when true, that the value cannot be changed by a human respondent to the Questionnaire.

                                            ShortDon't allow human editing
                                            Comments

                                            The value of readOnly elements can be established by asserting extensions for defaultValues, linkages that support pre-population and/or extensions that support calculation based on other answers.

                                            Control0..1
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-9
                                            Typeboolean
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Must Supporttrue
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Requirements

                                            Allows certain information to be phrased (and rendered) as a question and an answer, while keeping users from changing it. May also be useful for preventing changes to pre-populated portions of a questionnaire, for calculated values, etc.

                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            174. Questionnaire.item.maxLength
                                            Definition

                                            The maximum number of characters that are permitted in the answer to be considered a "valid" QuestionnaireResponse.

                                            ShortNo more than this many characters
                                            Comments

                                            For base64binary, reflects the number of characters representing the encoded data, not the number of bytes of the binary data. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                                            Control0..1
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-10
                                            Typeinteger
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            176. Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet
                                            Definition

                                            A reference to a value set containing a list of codes representing permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

                                            ShortValueset containing permitted answers
                                            Comments

                                            LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

                                            Control0..1
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-4, que-5
                                            Typecanonical(SDC Value Set)
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            178. Questionnaire.item.answerOption
                                            Definition

                                            One of the permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

                                            ShortPermitted answer
                                            Comments

                                            This element can be used when the value set machinery of answerValueSet is deemed too cumbersome or when there's a need to capture possible answers that are not codes.

                                            Control0..*
                                            This element is affected by the following invariants: que-4, que-5
                                            TypeBackboneElement
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Must Supporttrue
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            180. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.id
                                            Definition

                                            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                            Control0..1
                                            Typestring
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            182. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension
                                            Definition

                                            An Extension

                                            ShortExtension
                                            Control0..*
                                            TypeExtension
                                            Is Modifierfalse
                                            Summaryfalse
                                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                            • value @ url
                                            • 184. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension:itemAnswerMedia
                                              Slice NameitemAnswerMedia
                                              Definition

                                              Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to a specific answer option

                                              ShortAnswer Media to display
                                              Control0..1
                                              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                              TypeExtension(Item Answer Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
                                              Is Modifierfalse
                                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                              186. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.extension:optionPrefix
                                              Slice NameoptionPrefix
                                              Definition

                                              The label to list in front of a code when presenting a list of possible values in a questionnaire-like fashion.

                                              ShortE.g. "(a)", "1.", etc.
                                              Comments

                                              See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                              Control0..1
                                              TypeExtension(Questionnaire Option Prefix) (Extension Type: string)
                                              Is Modifierfalse
                                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                              188. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.modifierExtension
                                              Definition

                                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                              Comments

                                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                              Control0..*
                                              TypeExtension
                                              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                              Summarytrue
                                              Requirements

                                              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                              190. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]
                                              Definition

                                              A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

                                              ShortAnswer value
                                              Comments

                                              The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

                                              Control1..1
                                              BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodes
                                              (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                                              Allowed values to answer questions.

                                              TypeChoice of: integer, date, time, string, Coding, Reference(Resource)
                                              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                              Is Modifierfalse
                                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                              Must Supporttrue
                                              Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
                                              Summaryfalse
                                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                              • type @ $this
                                              • 192. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString
                                                Slice NamevalueString
                                                Definition

                                                A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

                                                ShortAnswer value
                                                Comments

                                                The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

                                                Control0..1
                                                BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodes
                                                (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                                                Allowed values to answer questions.

                                                Typestring
                                                [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                                Is Modifierfalse
                                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                Must Supporttrue
                                                Summaryfalse
                                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                194. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.id
                                                Definition

                                                unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                                                Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                                                Control0..1
                                                Typestring
                                                Is Modifierfalse
                                                XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                                Summaryfalse
                                                196. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension
                                                Definition

                                                An Extension

                                                ShortExtension
                                                Control0..*
                                                TypeExtension
                                                Is Modifierfalse
                                                Summaryfalse
                                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x].extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                                • value @ url
                                                • 198. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension:optionString-renderingStyle
                                                  Slice NameoptionString-renderingStyle
                                                  Definition

                                                  Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                                                  ShortHtml style value
                                                  Comments

                                                  This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                                                  For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                                  Control0..1
                                                  TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                  200. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.extension:optionString-xhtml
                                                  Slice NameoptionString-xhtml
                                                  Definition

                                                  This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                                                  ShortString equivalent with html markup
                                                  Comments

                                                  For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                                  Control0..1
                                                  TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                  202. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueString.value
                                                  Definition

                                                  The actual value

                                                  ShortPrimitive value for string
                                                  Control0..1
                                                  Typestring
                                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                                  Summaryfalse
                                                  Max Length:1048576
                                                  204. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding
                                                  Slice NamevalueCoding
                                                  Definition

                                                  A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

                                                  ShortAnswer value
                                                  Comments

                                                  The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

                                                  Control0..1
                                                  BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodes
                                                  (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                                                  Allowed values to answer questions.

                                                  TypeCoding
                                                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                                  Must Supporttrue
                                                  Summaryfalse
                                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                  206. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.id
                                                  Definition

                                                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                                  Control0..1
                                                  Typestring
                                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                                  Summaryfalse
                                                  208. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.extension
                                                  Definition

                                                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                                  Comments

                                                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                                  Control0..*
                                                  TypeExtension
                                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                                  Summaryfalse
                                                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x].extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                                  • value @ url
                                                  • 210. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.system
                                                    Definition

                                                    The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code.

                                                    ShortIdentity of the terminology system
                                                    Comments

                                                    The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.

                                                    Control0..1
                                                    Typeuri
                                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                    Summarytrue
                                                    Requirements

                                                    Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol.

                                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                    212. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.version
                                                    Definition

                                                    The version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged.

                                                    ShortVersion of the system - if relevant
                                                    Comments

                                                    Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.

                                                    NoteThis is a business version Id, not a resource version Id (see discussion)
                                                    Control0..1
                                                    Typestring
                                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                    Summarytrue
                                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                    214. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.code
                                                    Definition

                                                    A symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination).

                                                    ShortSymbol in syntax defined by the system
                                                    Control0..1
                                                    Typecode
                                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                    Summarytrue
                                                    Requirements

                                                    Need to refer to a particular code in the system.

                                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                    216. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display
                                                    Definition

                                                    A representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system.

                                                    ShortRepresentation defined by the system
                                                    Control0..1
                                                    Typestring
                                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                    Summarytrue
                                                    Requirements

                                                    Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system.

                                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                    218. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.id
                                                    Definition

                                                    unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                                                    Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                                                    Control0..1
                                                    Typestring
                                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                                    Summaryfalse
                                                    220. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.extension
                                                    Definition

                                                    An Extension

                                                    ShortExtension
                                                    Control0..*
                                                    TypeExtension
                                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                                    Summaryfalse
                                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x].display.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                                    • value @ url
                                                    • 222. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.extension:optionDisplay-renderingStyle
                                                      Slice NameoptionDisplay-renderingStyle
                                                      Definition

                                                      Identifies how the specified element should be rendered when displayed.

                                                      ShortHtml style value
                                                      Comments

                                                      This extension would be equivalent to setting the HTML "style" attribute on the root element for the element containing the extension.

                                                      For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                                      Control0..1
                                                      TypeExtension(Rendering Style) (Extension Type: string)
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                      224. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.extension:optionDisplay-xhtml
                                                      Slice NameoptionDisplay-xhtml
                                                      Definition

                                                      This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

                                                      ShortString equivalent with html markup
                                                      Comments

                                                      For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

                                                      Control0..1
                                                      TypeExtension(XHTML Representation) (Extension Type: string)
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                      226. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.display.value
                                                      Definition

                                                      The actual value

                                                      ShortPrimitive value for string
                                                      Control0..1
                                                      Typestring
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                                      Summaryfalse
                                                      Max Length:1048576
                                                      228. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x]:valueCoding.userSelected
                                                      Definition

                                                      Indicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays).

                                                      ShortIf this coding was chosen directly by the user
                                                      Comments

                                                      Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.

                                                      Control0..1
                                                      Typeboolean
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                      Summarytrue
                                                      Requirements

                                                      This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing.

                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      230. Questionnaire.item.answerOption.initialSelected
                                                      Definition

                                                      Indicates whether the answer value is selected when the list of possible answers is initially shown.

                                                      ShortWhether option is selected by default
                                                      Comments

                                                      Use this instead of initial[v] if answerValueSet is present.

                                                      Control0..1
                                                      Typeboolean
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                      Summaryfalse
                                                      Meaning if MissingOnly selected items explicitly marked to be selected
                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      232. Questionnaire.item.initial
                                                      Definition

                                                      One or more values that should be pre-populated in the answer when initially rendering the questionnaire for user input.

                                                      ShortInitial value(s) when item is first rendered
                                                      Comments

                                                      The user is allowed to change the value and override the default (unless marked as read-only). If the user doesn't change the value, then this initial value will be persisted when the QuestionnaireResponse is initially created. Note that initial values can influence results. The data type of initial[x] must agree with the item.type, and only repeating items can have more then one initial value.

                                                      Control0..*
                                                      This element is affected by the following invariants: que-8, que-13
                                                      TypeBackboneElement
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Must Supporttrue
                                                      Summaryfalse
                                                      Requirements

                                                      In some workflows, having defaults saves time.

                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      234. Questionnaire.item.initial.id
                                                      Definition

                                                      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                                      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                                      Control0..1
                                                      Typestring
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                                      Summaryfalse
                                                      236. Questionnaire.item.initial.extension
                                                      Definition

                                                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                                      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                                      Comments

                                                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                                      Control0..*
                                                      TypeExtension
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Summaryfalse
                                                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                      238. Questionnaire.item.initial.modifierExtension
                                                      Definition

                                                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                                      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                                      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                                      Comments

                                                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                                      Control0..*
                                                      TypeExtension
                                                      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                                      Summarytrue
                                                      Requirements

                                                      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                                      240. Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x]
                                                      Definition

                                                      The actual value to for an initial answer.

                                                      ShortActual value for initializing the question
                                                      Comments

                                                      The type of the initial value must be consistent with the type of the item.

                                                      Control1..1
                                                      BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodes
                                                      (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

                                                      Allowed values to answer questions.

                                                      TypeChoice of: boolean, decimal, integer, date, dateTime, time, string, uri, Attachment, Coding, Quantity, Reference(Resource)
                                                      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                                      Must Supporttrue
                                                      Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
                                                      Summaryfalse
                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                                      242. Questionnaire.item.item
                                                      Definition

                                                      Text, questions and other groups to be nested beneath a question or group.

                                                      ShortNested questionnaire items
                                                      Comments

                                                      There is no specified limit to the depth of nesting. However, Questionnaire authors are encouraged to consider the impact on the user and user interface of overly deep nesting.

                                                      Control0..*
                                                      This element is affected by the following invariants: que-1
                                                      TypeSeettp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Questionnaire#Questionnaire.item
                                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                                      Must Supporttrue
                                                      Summaryfalse
                                                      Requirements

                                                      Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

                                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))