QI-Core Implementation Guide
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This page is part of the Quality Improvement Core Framework (v6.0.0-ballot: STU6 (v6.0.0) Ballot 1) based on FHIR R4. The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: QICore MedicationAdministration Not Done

Official URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medicationadministrationnotdone Version: 6.0.0-ballot
Active as of 2018-08-22 Computable Name: QICoreMedicationAdministrationNotDone

Negation profile of MedicationAdministration for decision support/quality metrics. Defines the core set of elements and extensions for quality rule and measure authors.

Usage

See the patterns page for implementation and usage patterns.

Examples

Negation example using a valuesetMedication not administered using a value set to indicate what was not administered; indicates that none of the medications in the given value set were administered
Negation example using a codeMedication not administered using a code to indicate that a particular medication was not administered; indicates that a specific medication, by code, was not administered

Both of these example instances meet measure intent for exclusion as defined in the following example CQL: 

define "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis Not Administered":
  ["MedicationAdministrationNotDone": "Low Dose Unfractionated Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis"] VTEMedication
    where VTEMedication.category ~ QICoreCommon."Inpatient"
      and (VTEMedication.reasonCode in "Medical Reason" or VTEMedication.reasonCode in "Patient Refusal")

For a more complete discussion of representation of negation within QICore and quality improvement artifacts, see the Negation in QI Core topic.

Usage:

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

This structure is derived from MedicationAdministration

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. MedicationAdministration C0..*MedicationAdministrationAdministration of medication to a patient
mna-1: To indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
... implicitRules S0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... recorded S1..1dateTimeExtension
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-recorded
... status S1..1codein-progress | not-done | on-hold | completed | entered-in-error | stopped | unknown
Fixed Value: not-done
... medication[x] SC1..1CodeableConceptWhat was administered
Binding: Medication Clinical Drug (preferred): The set of RxNorm codes to represent medications

.... notDoneValueSet SC0..1canonical(ValueSet)Url of a value set of activities not requested or performed
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet
... subject S1..1Reference(QICore Patient)Who received medication
... context S0..1Reference(QICore Encounter | EpisodeOfCare)Encounter or Episode of Care administered as part of
... effective[x] S1..1dateTime, PeriodStart and end time of administration
... request S0..1Reference(QICore MedicationRequest)Request administration performed against

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

PathConformanceValueSet
MedicationAdministration.statusReasonextensibleNegationReasonCodes
MedicationAdministration.medication[x]preferredMedication Clinical Drug

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
mna-1errorMedicationAdministrationTo indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
: medication.extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet').exists() xor medication.coding.exists()
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. MedicationAdministration C0..*MedicationAdministrationAdministration of medication to a patient
mna-1: To indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
... implicitRules ?!SΣ0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... Slices for extension 1..*ExtensionExtension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
... recorded S1..1dateTimeExtension
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-recorded
... status ?!SΣ1..1codein-progress | not-done | on-hold | completed | entered-in-error | stopped | unknown
Binding: MedicationAdministration Status Codes (required): A set of codes indicating the current status of a MedicationAdministration.


Fixed Value: not-done
... statusReason S1..*CodeableConceptReason administration not performed
Binding: QICore Negation Reason Codes (extensible): The reason the event did not occur or was not performed


... medication[x] SΣC1..1CodeableConceptWhat was administered
Binding: Medication Clinical Drug (preferred): The set of RxNorm codes to represent medications

.... notDoneValueSet SC0..1canonical(ValueSet)Url of a value set of activities not requested or performed
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet
... subject SΣ1..1Reference(QICore Patient)Who received medication
... context S0..1Reference(QICore Encounter | EpisodeOfCare)Encounter or Episode of Care administered as part of
... effective[x] SΣ1..1Start and end time of administration
.... effectiveDateTimedateTime
.... effectivePeriodPeriod
... request S0..1Reference(QICore MedicationRequest)Request administration performed against

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSet / Code
MedicationAdministration.statusrequiredFixed Value: not-done
MedicationAdministration.statusReasonextensibleNegationReasonCodes
MedicationAdministration.medication[x]preferredMedication Clinical Drug

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
dom-2errorMedicationAdministrationIf the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources
: contained.contained.empty()
dom-3errorMedicationAdministrationIf the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource
: contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4errorMedicationAdministrationIf a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated
: contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5errorMedicationAdministrationIf a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label
: contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6best practiceMedicationAdministrationA resource should have narrative for robust management
: text.`div`.exists()
ele-1error**ALL** elementsAll FHIR elements must have a @value or children
: hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1error**ALL** extensionsMust have either extensions or value[x], not both
: extension.exists() != value.exists()
mna-1errorMedicationAdministrationTo indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
: medication.extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet').exists() xor medication.coding.exists()
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. MedicationAdministration C0..*MedicationAdministrationAdministration of medication to a patient
mna-1: To indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
... id Σ0..1idLogical id of this artifact
... meta Σ0..1MetaMetadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!SΣ0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1codeLanguage of the resource content
Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.

Additional BindingsPurpose
AllLanguagesMax Binding
... text 0..1NarrativeText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
... contained 0..*ResourceContained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 1..*ExtensionExtension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
... recorded S1..1dateTimeExtension
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-recorded
... modifierExtension ?!0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier 0..*IdentifierExternal identifier
... instantiates Σ0..*uriInstantiates protocol or definition
... partOf Σ0..*Reference(MedicationAdministration | Procedure)Part of referenced event
... status ?!SΣ1..1codein-progress | not-done | on-hold | completed | entered-in-error | stopped | unknown
Binding: MedicationAdministration Status Codes (required): A set of codes indicating the current status of a MedicationAdministration.


Fixed Value: not-done
... statusReason S1..*CodeableConceptReason administration not performed
Binding: QICore Negation Reason Codes (extensible): The reason the event did not occur or was not performed


... category 0..1CodeableConceptType of medication usage
Binding: MedicationAdministration Category Codes (preferred): A coded concept describing where the medication administered is expected to occur.

... medication[x] SΣC1..1CodeableConceptWhat was administered
Binding: Medication Clinical Drug (preferred): The set of RxNorm codes to represent medications

.... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... Slices for extension 0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... notDoneValueSet SC0..1canonical(ValueSet)Url of a value set of activities not requested or performed
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet
.... coding Σ0..*CodingCode defined by a terminology system
.... text Σ0..1stringPlain text representation of the concept
... subject SΣ1..1Reference(QICore Patient)Who received medication
... context S0..1Reference(QICore Encounter | EpisodeOfCare)Encounter or Episode of Care administered as part of
... supportingInformation 0..*Reference(Resource)Additional information to support administration
... effective[x] SΣ1..1Start and end time of administration
.... effectiveDateTimedateTime
.... effectivePeriodPeriod
... performer Σ0..*BackboneElementWho performed the medication administration and what they did
.... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... function 0..1CodeableConceptType of performance
Binding: MedicationAdministration Performer Function Codes (example): A code describing the role an individual played in administering the medication.

.... actor Σ1..1Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Patient | RelatedPerson | Device)Who performed the medication administration
... reasonCode 0..*CodeableConceptReason administration performed
Binding: ReasonMedicationGivenCodes (example): A set of codes indicating the reason why the MedicationAdministration was made.


... reasonReference 0..*Reference(Condition | Observation | DiagnosticReport)Condition or observation that supports why the medication was administered
... request S0..1Reference(QICore MedicationRequest)Request administration performed against
... device 0..*Reference(Device)Device used to administer
... note 0..*AnnotationInformation about the administration
... dosage C0..1BackboneElementDetails of how medication was taken
.... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... text 0..1stringFree text dosage instructions e.g. SIG
.... site 0..1CodeableConceptBody site administered to
Binding: SNOMEDCTAnatomicalStructureForAdministrationSiteCodes (example): A coded concept describing the site location the medicine enters into or onto the body.

.... route 0..1CodeableConceptPath of substance into body
Binding: SNOMEDCTRouteCodes (example): A coded concept describing the route or physiological path of administration of a therapeutic agent into or onto the body of a subject.

.... method 0..1CodeableConceptHow drug was administered
Binding: SNOMEDCTAdministrationMethodCodes (example): A coded concept describing the technique by which the medicine is administered.

.... dose 0..1SimpleQuantityAmount of medication per dose
.... rate[x] 0..1Dose quantity per unit of time
..... rateRatioRatio
..... rateQuantityQuantity(SimpleQuantity)
... eventHistory 0..*Reference(Provenance)A list of events of interest in the lifecycle

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSet / Code
MedicationAdministration.languagepreferredCommonLanguages
Additional Bindings Purpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
MedicationAdministration.statusrequiredFixed Value: not-done
MedicationAdministration.statusReasonextensibleNegationReasonCodes
MedicationAdministration.categorypreferredMedicationAdministration Category Codes
MedicationAdministration.medication[x]preferredMedication Clinical Drug
MedicationAdministration.performer.functionexampleMedicationAdministration Performer Function Codes
MedicationAdministration.reasonCodeexampleReasonMedicationGivenCodes
MedicationAdministration.dosage.siteexampleSNOMEDCTAnatomicalStructureForAdministrationSiteCodes
MedicationAdministration.dosage.routeexampleSNOMEDCTRouteCodes
MedicationAdministration.dosage.methodexampleSNOMEDCTAdministrationMethodCodes

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
ele-1error**ALL** elementsAll FHIR elements must have a @value or children
: hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1error**ALL** extensionsMust have either extensions or value[x], not both
: extension.exists() != value.exists()
mad-1errorMedicationAdministration.dosageSHALL have at least one of dosage.dose or dosage.rate[x]
: dose.exists() or rate.exists()

Differential View

This structure is derived from MedicationAdministration

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. MedicationAdministration C0..*MedicationAdministrationAdministration of medication to a patient
mna-1: To indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
... implicitRules S0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... recorded S1..1dateTimeExtension
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-recorded
... status S1..1codein-progress | not-done | on-hold | completed | entered-in-error | stopped | unknown
Fixed Value: not-done
... medication[x] SC1..1CodeableConceptWhat was administered
Binding: Medication Clinical Drug (preferred): The set of RxNorm codes to represent medications

.... notDoneValueSet SC0..1canonical(ValueSet)Url of a value set of activities not requested or performed
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet
... subject S1..1Reference(QICore Patient)Who received medication
... context S0..1Reference(QICore Encounter | EpisodeOfCare)Encounter or Episode of Care administered as part of
... effective[x] S1..1dateTime, PeriodStart and end time of administration
... request S0..1Reference(QICore MedicationRequest)Request administration performed against

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

PathConformanceValueSet
MedicationAdministration.statusReasonextensibleNegationReasonCodes
MedicationAdministration.medication[x]preferredMedication Clinical Drug

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
mna-1errorMedicationAdministrationTo indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
: medication.extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet').exists() xor medication.coding.exists()

Key Elements View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. MedicationAdministration C0..*MedicationAdministrationAdministration of medication to a patient
mna-1: To indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
... implicitRules ?!SΣ0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... Slices for extension 1..*ExtensionExtension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
... recorded S1..1dateTimeExtension
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-recorded
... status ?!SΣ1..1codein-progress | not-done | on-hold | completed | entered-in-error | stopped | unknown
Binding: MedicationAdministration Status Codes (required): A set of codes indicating the current status of a MedicationAdministration.


Fixed Value: not-done
... statusReason S1..*CodeableConceptReason administration not performed
Binding: QICore Negation Reason Codes (extensible): The reason the event did not occur or was not performed


... medication[x] SΣC1..1CodeableConceptWhat was administered
Binding: Medication Clinical Drug (preferred): The set of RxNorm codes to represent medications

.... notDoneValueSet SC0..1canonical(ValueSet)Url of a value set of activities not requested or performed
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet
... subject SΣ1..1Reference(QICore Patient)Who received medication
... context S0..1Reference(QICore Encounter | EpisodeOfCare)Encounter or Episode of Care administered as part of
... effective[x] SΣ1..1Start and end time of administration
.... effectiveDateTimedateTime
.... effectivePeriodPeriod
... request S0..1Reference(QICore MedicationRequest)Request administration performed against

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSet / Code
MedicationAdministration.statusrequiredFixed Value: not-done
MedicationAdministration.statusReasonextensibleNegationReasonCodes
MedicationAdministration.medication[x]preferredMedication Clinical Drug

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
dom-2errorMedicationAdministrationIf the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources
: contained.contained.empty()
dom-3errorMedicationAdministrationIf the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource
: contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4errorMedicationAdministrationIf a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated
: contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5errorMedicationAdministrationIf a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label
: contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6best practiceMedicationAdministrationA resource should have narrative for robust management
: text.`div`.exists()
ele-1error**ALL** elementsAll FHIR elements must have a @value or children
: hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1error**ALL** extensionsMust have either extensions or value[x], not both
: extension.exists() != value.exists()
mna-1errorMedicationAdministrationTo indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
: medication.extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet').exists() xor medication.coding.exists()

Snapshot View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. MedicationAdministration C0..*MedicationAdministrationAdministration of medication to a patient
mna-1: To indicate what medication was not administered, either at least one coding in the medication or a notDoneValueSet extension shall be provided
... id Σ0..1idLogical id of this artifact
... meta Σ0..1MetaMetadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!SΣ0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1codeLanguage of the resource content
Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.

Additional BindingsPurpose
AllLanguagesMax Binding
... text 0..1NarrativeText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
... contained 0..*ResourceContained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 1..*ExtensionExtension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
... recorded S1..1dateTimeExtension
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-recorded
... modifierExtension ?!0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier 0..*IdentifierExternal identifier
... instantiates Σ0..*uriInstantiates protocol or definition
... partOf Σ0..*Reference(MedicationAdministration | Procedure)Part of referenced event
... status ?!SΣ1..1codein-progress | not-done | on-hold | completed | entered-in-error | stopped | unknown
Binding: MedicationAdministration Status Codes (required): A set of codes indicating the current status of a MedicationAdministration.


Fixed Value: not-done
... statusReason S1..*CodeableConceptReason administration not performed
Binding: QICore Negation Reason Codes (extensible): The reason the event did not occur or was not performed


... category 0..1CodeableConceptType of medication usage
Binding: MedicationAdministration Category Codes (preferred): A coded concept describing where the medication administered is expected to occur.

... medication[x] SΣC1..1CodeableConceptWhat was administered
Binding: Medication Clinical Drug (preferred): The set of RxNorm codes to represent medications

.... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... Slices for extension 0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... notDoneValueSet SC0..1canonical(ValueSet)Url of a value set of activities not requested or performed
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-notDoneValueSet
.... coding Σ0..*CodingCode defined by a terminology system
.... text Σ0..1stringPlain text representation of the concept
... subject SΣ1..1Reference(QICore Patient)Who received medication
... context S0..1Reference(QICore Encounter | EpisodeOfCare)Encounter or Episode of Care administered as part of
... supportingInformation 0..*Reference(Resource)Additional information to support administration
... effective[x] SΣ1..1Start and end time of administration
.... effectiveDateTimedateTime
.... effectivePeriodPeriod
... performer Σ0..*BackboneElementWho performed the medication administration and what they did
.... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... function 0..1CodeableConceptType of performance
Binding: MedicationAdministration Performer Function Codes (example): A code describing the role an individual played in administering the medication.

.... actor Σ1..1Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Patient | RelatedPerson | Device)Who performed the medication administration
... reasonCode 0..*CodeableConceptReason administration performed
Binding: ReasonMedicationGivenCodes (example): A set of codes indicating the reason why the MedicationAdministration was made.


... reasonReference 0..*Reference(Condition | Observation | DiagnosticReport)Condition or observation that supports why the medication was administered
... request S0..1Reference(QICore MedicationRequest)Request administration performed against
... device 0..*Reference(Device)Device used to administer
... note 0..*AnnotationInformation about the administration
... dosage C0..1BackboneElementDetails of how medication was taken
.... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... text 0..1stringFree text dosage instructions e.g. SIG
.... site 0..1CodeableConceptBody site administered to
Binding: SNOMEDCTAnatomicalStructureForAdministrationSiteCodes (example): A coded concept describing the site location the medicine enters into or onto the body.

.... route 0..1CodeableConceptPath of substance into body
Binding: SNOMEDCTRouteCodes (example): A coded concept describing the route or physiological path of administration of a therapeutic agent into or onto the body of a subject.

.... method 0..1CodeableConceptHow drug was administered
Binding: SNOMEDCTAdministrationMethodCodes (example): A coded concept describing the technique by which the medicine is administered.

.... dose 0..1SimpleQuantityAmount of medication per dose
.... rate[x] 0..1Dose quantity per unit of time
..... rateRatioRatio
..... rateQuantityQuantity(SimpleQuantity)
... eventHistory 0..*Reference(Provenance)A list of events of interest in the lifecycle

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSet / Code
MedicationAdministration.languagepreferredCommonLanguages
Additional Bindings Purpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
MedicationAdministration.statusrequiredFixed Value: not-done
MedicationAdministration.statusReasonextensibleNegationReasonCodes
MedicationAdministration.categorypreferredMedicationAdministration Category Codes
MedicationAdministration.medication[x]preferredMedication Clinical Drug
MedicationAdministration.performer.functionexampleMedicationAdministration Performer Function Codes
MedicationAdministration.reasonCodeexampleReasonMedicationGivenCodes
MedicationAdministration.dosage.siteexampleSNOMEDCTAnatomicalStructureForAdministrationSiteCodes
MedicationAdministration.dosage.routeexampleSNOMEDCTRouteCodes
MedicationAdministration.dosage.methodexampleSNOMEDCTAdministrationMethodCodes

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
ele-1error**ALL** elementsAll FHIR elements must have a @value or children
: hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1error**ALL** extensionsMust have either extensions or value[x], not both
: extension.exists() != value.exists()
mad-1errorMedicationAdministration.dosageSHALL have at least one of dosage.dose or dosage.rate[x]
: dose.exists() or rate.exists()

 

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron