This profile sets minimum expectations for the Observation resource to record, search, and fetch retrieve observations that represent the questions and responses to form/survey and assessment tools such as the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients’ Assets, Risks, and Experiences (PRAPARE) Survey. This profile encompasses single, multipart, and derived responses. It identifies which core elements, extensions, vocabularies and value sets SHALL be present in the resource when using this profile. These observations are distinct from observations representing individual clinical assessments made by an individual about a patient’s social history and not derived from an assessment tool or survey. These types of observations should use the US Core Social History Assessment Observation Profile instead.

Example Usage Scenarios:

The following are example usage scenarios for the US Core-Results profile:

• Query for survey screening results for a patient.
• Record or update screening results results belonging to a Patient

Mandatory and Must Support Data Elements

The following data-elements must always be present (Mandatory definition]) or must be supported if the data is present in the sending system (Must Support definition). They are presented below in a simple human-readable explanation. Profile specific guidance and examples are provided as well. The Formal Profile Definition below provides the formal summary, definitions, and terminology requirements.

Each Observation must have:

1. a status
2. a category code of ‘survey’
3. a LOINC code, if available, which tells you the survey question
4. a patient

Each Observation must support:

1. a time indicating when survey was taken
2. who answered the questions
3. the answer or a reason why the data is absent*
   • if the result value is a numeric quantity, a standard UCUM unit is required
4. related questionnaire responses or observations that this observation is made from
5. component results

Profile specific implementation guidance:

• See SDOH Guidance for how this profile can used to represent SDOH assessments.
• For questions represented in Observation.code (e.g., LOINC) that specify “check all that apply”, the question should be used for Observation.code and for Observation.component.code. For “check all that apply” questions, the answers (regardless of whether one or more are selected) should only be represented using Observation.component.value and Observation.value should be empty.
• An Observation without a value, SHALL include a reason why the data is absent unless there are 1) component observations, or 2) reporting vital signs panel components using Observation.hasMember.
  • For Further guidance see the Observation Grouping section in FHIR Specification.
  • *Systems that never provide an observation without a value are not required to support Observation.dataAbsentReason.
• An Observation.component without a value, SHALL include a reason why the data is absent.
  • *Systems that never provide an component observation without a component value are not required to support Observation.component.dataAbsentReason.

Examples

• Hunger Question Example
• Prapare Multiselect Example

Quick Start

Below is an overview of the required Server RESTful FHIR interactions for this profile - for example, search and read operations - when supporting the US Core interactions to access this profile’s information (Profile Support + Interaction Support). Note that systems that support only US Core Profiles (Profile Only Support) are not required to support these interactions. See the US Core Server CapabilityStatement for a complete list of supported RESTful interactions for this IG.

• The syntax used to describe the interactions is described here.
• See the General Guidance section for additional rules and expectations when a server requires status parameters.
• See the General Guidance section for additional guidance on searching for multiple patients.

Mandatory Search Parameters:

The following search parameters and search parameter combinations SHALL be supported:

1. SHALL support searching using the combination of the patient and category search parameters:

   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|survey

   Example:

   1. GET [base]/Observation?patient=1134281&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|survey

   Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources for the specified patient and a category code = survey (how to search by reference and how to search by token)

2. SHALL support searching using the combination of the patient and code search parameters:
   • including optional support for OR search on code (e.g.code={system|}[code],{system|}[code],...)

   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&code={system|}[code]{,{system|}[code],...}

   Example:

   1. GET [base]/Observation?patient=1134281&code=http://loinc.org|8122-7
   2. GET [base]/Observation?patient=1134281&code=http://loinc.org|2339-0,http://loinc.org|93031-3,67875-5

   Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources for the specified patient and observation code(s). SHOULD support search by multiple report codes. The Observation code parameter searches `Observation.code only. (how to search by reference and how to search by token)

3. SHALL support searching using the combination of the patient and category and date search parameters:
   • including support for these date comparators: gt,lt,ge,le
   • including optional support for AND search on date (e.g.date=[date]&date=[date]]&...)

   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|survey&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]{&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]&...}

   Example:

   1. GET [base]Observation?patient=555580&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|survey&date=ge2018-03-14T00:00:00Z

   Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources for the specified patient and date and a category code = survey (how to search by reference and how to search by token and how to search by date)

Optional Search Parameters:

The following search parameter combinations SHOULD be supported:

1. SHOULD support searching using the combination of the patient and category and status search parameters:
   • including support for OR search on status (e.g.status={system|}[code],{system|}[code],...)

   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|survey&status={system|}[code]{,{system|}[code],...}

   Example:

   1. GET [base]/Observation?patient=1134281&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|survey&status=final

   Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources for the specified patient and category = survey and status (how to search by reference and how to search by token)

2. SHOULD support searching using the combination of the patient and code and date search parameters:
   • including optional support for OR search on code (e.g.code={system|}[code],{system|}[code],...)
   • including support for these date comparators: gt,lt,ge,le
   • including optional support for AND search on date (e.g.date=[date]&date=[date]]&...)

   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&code={system|}[code]{,{system|}[code],...}&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]{&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]&...}

   Example:

   1. GET [base]Observation?patient=555580&code=http://loinc.org|8122-7&date=ge2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

   Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources for the specified patient and date and report code(s). SHOULD support search by multiple report codes. (how to search by reference and how to search by token and how to search by date)