This code system http://hl7.org/fhir/us/breast-radiology/CodeSystem/ConsistentWithCodeSystemCS defines the following codes:
| Code | Display | Definition |
| Abscess | Abscess | An area within the body tissue that is swollen and
contains an accumulation of pus.
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| Angiolipoma | Angiolipoma | Angiolipoma is a rare type of lipoma - a growth made
of fat and blood vessels that
develops under the skin.
Unlike other types of lipomas, angiolipomas are
often painful or tender.
[https://www.healthline.com/health/angiolipoma]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| ApocrineMetaplasia | Apocrine metaplasia | A benign condition; Apocrine Metaplasia refers to
a particular type of cell change.
This is a type of 'umbrella term' that relates to a
variety of cystic breast disorders.
The epithelial cells are undergoing an unexpected
change.
These breast changes may show on a mammogram and
biopsy as a mass or benign lesion,
or possibly even develop into a palpable mass.
[https://breast-cancer.ca/apo-meta/]
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| Artifact | Artifact | X-ray artifacts can present in a variety of ways
including abnormal shadows noted
on a radiograph or degraded image quality, and have
been produced by artificial means
from hardware failure, operator error and software
(post-processing) artifacts.
There are common and distinct artifacts for film,
computed (CR) and digital radiography
(DR).
Common causes are improper handling of the films
errors while processing the films
patient movement while taking the image.
[https://radiopaedia.org/articles/x-ray-artifacts?lang=us]
Valid for the following modalities: NM. |
| AtypicalHyperplasia | Atypical hyperplasia | Atypical hyperplasia is a precancerous condition
that affects cells in the breast.
Atypical hyperplasia describes an accumulation of
abnormal cells in the breast.
Atypical hyperplasia isn't cancer, but it can be
a forerunner to the development
of breast cancer.
Over the course of the lifetime, if the atypical
hyperplasia cells keep dividing
and become more abnormal, this can transition into
noninvasive breast cancer (carcinoma
in situ) or invasive breast cancer.
[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atypical-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369773]
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| AxillaryLymphNode | Axillary lymph node | Axillary lymph nodes are the lymph nodes located
in the armpits.
They can become enlarged in many conditions including
infections, lymphomas, and
breast cancers.
Lymph nodes are small structures located all over
the body around blood vessels that
act as filters and can accumulate germs or cancer
cells.
They are a part of the lymph system of the body.
[https://www.verywellhealth.com/axillary-lymph-nodes-2252131]
Valid for the following modalities: NM. |
| Carcinoma | Carcinoma | Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells
that make up the skin or the tissue
lining organs.
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI NM. |
| CarcinomaKnown | Carcinoma known | Imaging tests used in diagnosing cancer may include
a computerized tomography (CT)
scan, bone scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
(PET) scan, ultrasound and X-ray,
among others.
In most cases, a biopsy is the only way to definitively
diagnose cancer.
Most breast cancers are carcinomas, which are tumors
that start in the epithelial
cells that line organs and tissues throughout the
body.
When carcinomas form in the breast, they are usually
a more specific type called
adenocarcinoma, which starts in cells in the ducts
(the milk ducts) or the lobules
(milk-producing glands).
www.mayoclinic.org > cancer > diagnosis-treatment >
drc-20370594
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| ClusterOfCysts | Cluster of cysts | A breast cyst is a non-cancerous (benign) fluid-filled
sac in the breast.
Some cysts are too small to feel and others may
be large and uncomfortable.
Sometimes there are clusters of cysts in one breast
or both.
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| Cyst | Cyst | A breast cyst is a non-cancerous (benign) fluid-filled
sac in the breast.
Some cysts are too small to feel and others may
be large and uncomfortable.
Sometimes there are clusters of cysts in one breast
or both.
Valid for the following modalities: MG MRI. |
| CystComplex | Cyst complex | Complex cysts have irregular or scalloped borders,
thick walls, and some evidence
of solid areas and/or debris in the fluid.
These solid areas echo back the sound waves from
the ultrasound.
A complex cyst is sometimes aspirated, or drained
with a fine needle, so that the
fluid inside can be tested.
If blood or any unusual cells are present, further
testing may be needed to rule
out breast cancer.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/benign/cysts]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| CystComplicated | Cyst complicated | Complicated cysts are "in between" simple and complex.
Although they share most of the features of simple
cysts, they tend to have some
debris inside them and echo back some of the ultrasound
waves.
However, they don't have the thick walls or obvious
solid components that a complex
cyst has.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/benign/cysts]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| CystOil | Cyst oil | Oil cysts are filled with fluid that may feel smooth
and squishy.
Oil cysts are caused by the breakdown of fatty tissue.
Valid for the following modalities: MG US. |
| CystSebaceous | Cyst sebaceous | Sebaceous cysts are common noncancerous cysts of
the skin.
Cysts are abnormalities in the body that may contain
liquid or semiliquid material.
Sebaceous cysts are mostly found on the face, neck,
or torso.
They grow slowly and aren't life-threatening, but
they may become uncomfortable if
they go unchecked.
www.healthline.com > health > sebaceous-cyst
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| CystSimple | Cyst simple | Simple cysts have smooth, thin, regularly shaped
walls and are completely filled
with fluid.
The sound waves sent out by the ultrasound test pass
right through them, indicating
there are no solid areas.
Simple cysts are always benign.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/benign/cysts]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| CystsComplex | Cysts complex | Complex cysts have irregular or scalloped borders,
thick walls, and some evidence
of solid areas and/or debris in the fluid.
These solid areas echo back the sound waves from
the ultrasound.
A complex cyst is sometimes aspirated, or drained
with a fine needle, so that the
fluid inside can be tested.
If blood or any unusual cells are present, further
testing may be needed to rule
out breast cancer.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/benign/cysts]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| CystsComplicated | Cysts complicated | Complicated cysts are "in between" simple and complex.
Although they share most of the features of simple
cysts, they tend to have some
debris inside them and echo back some of the ultrasound
waves.
However, they don't have the thick walls or obvious
solid components that a complex
cyst has.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/benign/cysts]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| CystsMicroClustered | Cysts micro clustered | Microcysts are tiny, microscopic cysts.
Clustered microcysts are a cluster of these tiny
cysts and only have fluid inside
of them.
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| DCIS | DCIS | Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the presence of
abnormal cells inside a milk duct
in the breast.
DCIS is considered the earliest form of breast cancer.
DCIS is noninvasive, meaning it hasn't spread out
of the milk duct and has a low
risk of becoming invasive.
[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dcis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371889]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI NM. |
| Debris | Debris | Debris is a substance that is anything other than
a liquid inside of the cyst.
Valid for the following modalities: MG US. |
| Deodorant | Deodorant | Because estrogen can promote the growth of breast
cancer cells, some scientists have
suggested that the aluminum-based compounds in antiperspirants
may contribute to
the development of breast cancer.
In addition, it has been suggested that aluminum
may have direct activity in breast
tissue.
[https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/antiperspirants-fact-sheet]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| DermalCalcification | Dermal calcification | Skin calcifications in the breast usually form in
dermal sweat glands after low grade
folliculitis and inspissation of sebaceous material.
Calcifications may also form in moles and other skin
lesions.
Often, these calcifications are in groups as they
extend into small glands in the
skin.
[https://radiopaedia.org/articles/skin-calcification-in-breast?lang=us]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| DuctEctasia | Duct ectasia | An abnormal dilation of a duct by lipids and cellular
debris.
In mammary duct the condition, which tends mainly
to affect postmenopausal women,
may be accompanied by inflammation and infiltration
by plasma cells.
[https://www.hoafredericksburg.com/duct-ectasia/]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| Edema | Edema | Breast edema is defined as a mammographic pattern
of skin thickening, increased parenchymal
density, and interstitial marking.
It can be caused by benign or malignant diseases,
as a result of a tumor in the dermal
lymphatics of the breast, lymphatic congestion caused
by breast, lymphatic drainage
obstruction, or by congestive heart failure.
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7988898_Unilateral_Breast_Edema_Spectrum_of_Etiologies_and_Imaging_Appearances]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| FatLobule | Fat lobule | Fat Lobule.
The normal breast is composed of numerous fat lobules
mixed with dense fibroglandular
tissue.
Fat lobule in breast.
Yes.
Breast tissue is composed of functional elements
(glands and ducts) as well as structural
elements (connective tissue and vessels).
The connective tissue (or stroma) in the breast is
composed of various proportions
of fat and fibrous tissue.
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| FatNecrosis | Fat necrosis | Breasts are made up of lobules (milk-producing glands)
and ducts (tubes that carry
milk to the nipple).
These are surrounded by glandular, fibrous and fatty
tissue.
Sometimes a lump can form if an area of the fatty
breast tissue is damaged.
This is called fat necrosis (necrosis is a medical
term used to describe damaged
or dead tissue).
[https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/breast-pain-other-benign-conditions/fat-necrosis]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| Fibroadenolipoma | Fibroadenolipoma | Another name for Hamartomas, Hamartomas represent
benign proliferation of fibrous,
glandular, and fatty tissue (hence fibro-adeno-lipoma)
surrounded by a thin capsule
of connective tissue.
All components are found in normal breast tissue,
which is why the lesions are considered
hamartomatous.
[https://radiopaedia.org/articles/breast-hamartoma?lang=us]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US. |
| Fibroadenoma | Fibroadenoma | Fibroadenomas are common benign (non-cancerous) breast
tumors made up of both glandular
tissue and stromal (connective) tissue.
Fibroadenomas are most common in women in their 20s
and 30s, but they can be found
in women of any age.
They tend to shrink after a woman goes through menopause.
[https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fibroadenomas-of-the-breast.html]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI NM. |
| FibroadenomaDegenerating | Fibroadenoma degenerating | These are non-cancerous breast lumps.
Fibroadenomas usually go away with age.
By the time an individual is menopausal, Fibroadenomas
degenerate.
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| FibrocysticChange | Fibrocystic change | Fibrocystic breast changes lead to the development
of fluid-filled round or oval
sacs (cysts) and more prominent scar-like (fibrous)
tissue, which can make breasts
feel tender, lumpy or ropy.
Fibrocystic breasts are composed of tissue that feels
lumpy or rope-like in texture.
This is called nodular or glandular breast tissue.
[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibrocystic-breasts/symptoms-causes/syc-20350438]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| FibroglandularTissue | Fibroglandular tissue | Fibrocystic breast changes lead to the development
of fluid-filled round or oval
sacs (cysts) and more prominent scar-like (fibrous)
tissue, which can make breasts
feel tender, lumpy or ropy.
Fibrocystic breasts are composed of tissue that feels
lumpy or rope-like in texture.
This is called nodular or glandular breast tissue.
[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibrocystic-breasts/symptoms-causes/syc-20350438]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| Fibrosis | Fibrosis | Fibrosis may refer to the connective tissue deposition
that occurs as part of normal
healing or to the excess tissue deposition that occurs
as a pathological process.
When fibrosis occurs in response to injury, the term
"scarring" is used.
[https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Fibrosis.aspx]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| FibrousRidge | Fibrous ridge | Fibrous tissue, which extends under the skin, from
the front of the breast to the
back of the chest wall, supports the breast and gives
it shape.
Strands of supportive tissue surround the breast
and form a prominent ridge called
the inframammary ridge.
[https://www.stjoeshealth.org/find-a-service-or-specialty/womens-health/]
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| Folliculitis | Folliculitis | Folliculitis is the inflammation of hair follicles
due to an infection, injury, or
irritation.
It is characterized by tender, swollen areas that
form around hair follicles, often
on the neck, breasts, buttocks, and face.
Boils (also referred to as furuncles) are pus-filled
lesions that are painful and
usually firm.
[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/folliculitis-boils-and-carbuncles]
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| Gynecomastia | Gynecomastia | Gynecomastia is an enlargement or swelling of breast
tissue in males.
It is most commonly caused by male estrogen levels
that are too high or are out of
balance with testosterone levels.
[https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16227-enlarged-male-breast-tissue-gynecomastia]
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| Hamartoma | Hamartoma | A benign (not cancer) growth made up of an abnormal
mixture of cells and tissues
normally found in the area of the body where the
growth occurs.
[https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/hamartoma]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| Hematoma | Hematoma | A breast hematoma is a collection of blood that forms
under the skin's surface.
It's not unlike having a large bruise in your breast.
The mass it forms is not cancerous, but it can sometimes
lead to inflammation, fever,
skin discoloration, and may leave behind scar tissue
that mimics the shape of a breast
tumor.
[https://www.verywellhealth.com/breast-hematomas-430281]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| HormonalStimulation | Hormonal stimulation | Hormonal effects of certain medications including
antihypertensives, antidepressants,
H2 blockers,
illicit drugs, and endocrine active tumors stimulate
development of rudimentary breast
tissue.
[Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System—Mammography, Fifth Edition]
Valid for the following modalities: US. |
| IntracysticLesion | Intracystic lesion | Intracystic tumors of the breast are uncommon and,
at the time of ultrasonography
and aspiration cytology, it is difficult to distinguish
cancer from a benign tumor.
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11911303]
Valid for the following modalities: US NM. |
| IntramammaryNode | Intramammary node | These are lymph nodes within the breast tissue.
They are generally 1 cm or smaller
in size.
They frequently occur in the lateral and usually
upper portions of the breast closer
to the
axilla (armpit area), although they may occur anywhere
in the breast.
They usually are seen adjacent to a vein, because
the lymphatic drainage of the breast
parallels the venous drainage.
[Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System—Mammography, Fifth Edition]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| Lipoma | Lipoma | A lipoma is a slow-growing, fatty lump that's most
often situated between the skin
and the underlying muscle layer.
A lipoma, which feels doughy and usually isn't tender,
moves readily with slight
finger pressure.
Lipomas are usually detected in middle age.
Some people have more than one lipoma.A lipoma isn't
cancer and usually is harmless.
www.mayoclinic.org > lipoma > symptoms-causes > syc-20374470
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| LumpectomyCavity | Lumpectomy cavity | With a lumpectomy, the surgeon removes only the tumor
and a small amount of normal
surrounding tissue.
The cavity is the hollow area or hole left behind
after the tumor and surrounding
tissue is removed.
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| LumpectomySite | Lumpectomy site | The area of the breast where the incision is made
during the lumpectomy.
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| LymphNode | Lymph node | A small bean-shaped structure that is part of the
body's immune system.
Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through
the lymphatic fluid, and they contain
lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body
fight infection and disease.
There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout
the body.
They are connected to one another by lymph vessels.
Clusters of lymph nodes are found in the neck, axilla
(underarm), chest, abdomen,
and groin.
For example, there are about 20-40 lymph nodes in
the axilla.
Also called lymph gland.
[https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/lymph-node]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI NM. |
| LymphNodeEnlarged | Lymph node enlarged | Enlarged or swollen lymph nodes usually indicate
a common infection, but can
also signal a medical condition, such as an immune
disorder or, rarely, a type of
cancer.
Lymph nodes are small, round structures that play
a vital role in the body's immune
system.
Swollen lymph nodes are also known as swollen glands.
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| LymphNodeNormal | Lymph node normal | Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through
the lymphatic fluid, and they contain
lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body
fight infection and disease.
There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout
the body.
The lymph nodes are connected to one another by
lymph vessels.
Clusters of lymph nodes are found in the neck, axilla
(underarm), chest, abdomen,
and groin.
A normal sized lymph node is about pea-sized or bean-sized
(or smaller than 1/2 inch
or 12mm).
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| LymphNodePathological | Lymph node pathological | Lymphadenopathy (or adenopathy) is, if anything,
a broader term, referring to any
pathology of lymph nodes, not necessarily resulting
in increased size; this includes
abnormal number of nodes, or derangement of internal
architecture (e.g.
cystic or necrotic nodes).
[https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lymph-node-enlargement?lang=us]
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| MassSolid | Mass solid | An abnormal mass of tissue that usually does not
contain cysts or liquid areas.
Solid masses or tumors may be benign (not cancer),
or malignant (cancer).
Different types of solid mass/ tumors are named for
the type of cells that form them.
Examples of solid tumors are sarcomas, carcinomas,
and lymphomas.
Leukemias (cancer of the blood) generally do not
form solid mass/tumors.
[https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/solid-tumor]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| MassSolidW/tumorVasc | Mass solid w/tumor vasc | An abnormal mass of tissue that usually does not
contain cysts or liquid areas.
Solid masses or tumors may be benign (not cancer),
or malignant (cancer).
Different types of solid mass/ tumors are named for
the type of cells that form them.
Examples of solid tumors are sarcomas, carcinomas,
and lymphomas.
Leukemias (cancer of the blood) generally do not
form solid mass/tumors.
A vascular tumor is a type of tumor that forms from
cells that make blood vessels
or lymph vessels.
Vascular tumors may be benign (not cancer) or malignant
(cancer) and can occur anywhere
in the body.
They may form on the skin, in the tissues below the
skin, and/or in an organ.
There are many types of vascular tumors.
[https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/solid-tumor ]
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/vascular-tumor
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| Mastitis | Mastitis | Infection of the breast tissue resulting in pain,
swelling, warmth and redness.
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| MilkOfCalcium | Milk of calcium | The term milk of calcium (MOC) is given to dependent,
sedimented calcification within
a cystic structure or hollow organ.
This sort of colloidal calcium suspension layering
can occur in various regions.
[https://radiopaedia.org/articles/milk-of-calcium-disambiguation?lang=us]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| Multi-focalCancer | Multi-focal cancer | Multifocal breast cancer occurs when there are two
or more tumors in the same breast.
All of the tumors begin in one original tumor.
The tumors are also all in the same quadrant - or
section - of the breast.
[https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/multifocal-breast-cancer]
Valid for the following modalities: NM. |
| PapillaryLesion | Papillary lesion | Breast papillary lesions are characterised by growth
inside the milk ducts, and they
represent a heterogeneous pathology.
They are rare and constitute less than 10% of benign
breast lesions and less than
1% of malignant breast neoplasms.
Breast papillary lesions are usually detected by
imaging or clinically by the presence
of a palpable breast mass or unilateral spontaneous
nipple discharge.
[https://ecancer.org/es/journal/article/461-breast-papillary-lesions-an-analysis-of-70-cases]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US. |
| Papilloma | Papilloma | Intraductal papillomas are benign (non-cancerous),
wart-like tumors that grow within
the milk ducts of the breast.
They are made up of gland tissue along with fibrous
tissue and blood vessels (called
fibrovascular tissue).
[https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/intraductal-papillomas.html]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| PhyllodesTumor | Phyllodes tumor | Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare, accounting
for less than 1% of all breast
tumors.
The name "phyllodes," which is taken from the Greek
language and means "leaflike," refers
to that fact that the tumor cells grow in a leaflike
pattern.
Other names for these tumors are phylloides tumor
and cystosarcoma phyllodes.
Phyllodes tumors tend to grow quickly, but they rarely
spread outside the breast.
Although most phyllodes tumors are benign (not cancerous),
some are malignant (cancerous)
and some are borderline (in between noncancerous
and cancerous).
All three kinds of phyllodes tumors tend to grow
quickly, and they require surgery
to reduce the risk of a phyllodes tumor coming back
in the breast (local recurrence).
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/types/phyllodes]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| PostLumpectomyScar | Post lumpectomy scar | This is scarring that occurs from the lumpectomy
site.
It can include nerve pain or numbness if scar tissue
forms around nerves.
A lump of scar tissue forms in the hole left after
breast tissue is removed.
If scar tissue forms around a stitch from surgery
it's called a suture granuloma
and also feels like a lump.
Changes in breast appearance.
Scar tissue and fluid retention can make breast tissue
appear a little firmer or
rounder than before surgery and/or radiation.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/side_effects/scar_tissue]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| PostSurgicalScar | Post surgical scar | Post surgical scarring happens because of the incisions
needed to surgically remove
tumor, cells, etc.
The amount of scarring is connected to the different
stages of wound healing.
Surgical scar care should be continued for a year.
Valid for the following modalities: MG NM. |
| PreviousBiopsy | Previous biopsy | Findings on mammogram are consistent with previous
biopsy.
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| PreviousSurgery | Previous surgery | Findings on mammogram are consistent with previous
surgery.
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| PreviousTrauma | Previous trauma | Findings on mammogram are consistent with previous
trauma to breast.
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| RadialScar | Radial scar | Radial scar is a growth that looks like a scar when
the tissue is viewed under a
microscope.
It has a central core containing benign ducts.
Growing out of this core are ducts and lobules that
show evidence of unusual changes
such as cysts and epithelial hyperplasia (overgrowth
of their inner lining).
Often, more than one radial scar is present.
Another term for this condition is complex sclerosing
lesions.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/benign/radial-scars]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US. |
| RadiationChanges | Radiation changes | Radiation levels during radiation therapy may change
as a result of side effects
or to complete a more aggressive cancer treatment.
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| RadiationTherapy | Radiation therapy | The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma
rays, neutrons, protons, and
other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
Radiation may come from a machine outside the body
(external-beam radiation therapy),
or it may come from radioactive material placed in
the body near cancer cells (internal
radiation therapy or brachytherapy).
Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance,
such as a radiolabeled monoclonal
antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout
the body.
Also called irradiation and radiotherapy.
[https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/44971]
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| Scar | Scar | Scar tissue forms as part of the healing process
after a skin injury.
A scar is fibrous tissue made of collagen that replaces
the injured skin.
[https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/side_effects/scar_tissue]
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| ScarWithShadowing | Scar with shadowing | In cases when the appropriate history is not available,
a postsurgical scar may mimic
a malignancy.
At sonographic evaluation, an area of posterior acoustic
shadowing may be seen.
This lack of a central mass helps differentiate
a scar from a carcinoma, which has
shadowing arising from a central mass.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com > doi > full > jum.2004.23.1.73
Valid for the following modalities: US MRI. |
| SclerosingAdenosis | Sclerosing adenosis | Sclerosing adenosis is a type of adenosis in which
enlarged acini become slightly
distorted by surrounded stromal fibrosis ("sclerosis").
The normal lobular architecture of the breast is
maintained, but becomes exaggerated
and distorted.
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| SecretoryCalcification | Secretory calcification | Secretory calcifications are benign calcifications
usually in women older than 60.
They classically appear as solid or discontinuous,
smooth, linear and rod-like calcifications.
Usually bilateral and symmetric and may appear lucent-centered.
Also known as plasma cell mastitis.
[https://radiopaedia.org/cases/secretory-calcifications?lang=us]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| SentinelNode | Sentinel node | The sentinel nodes are the first few lymph nodes
into which a tumor drains.
Sentinel node biopsy involves injecting a tracer
material that helps the surgeon
locate the sentinel nodes during surgery.
The sentinel nodes are removed and analyzed in a
laboratory.
[https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/sentinel-node-biopsy/about/pac-20385264]
Valid for the following modalities: NM. |
| Seroma | Seroma | A breast seroma is a collection (pocket) of serous
fluid that can develop after trauma
to the breast or following procedures such as breast
surgery or radiation therapy.
Serous fluid is a pale yellow, transparent fluid
that contains protein, but no blood
cells or pus.
[https://www.verywellhealth.com/seroma-medical-definition-430372]
Valid for the following modalities: MG US MRI. |
| SkinLesion | Skin lesion | A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal
growth or appearance compared
to the skin around it.
Primary skin lesions are abnormal skin conditions
present at birth or acquired over
a person's lifetime.
Secondary skin lesions are the result of irritated
or manipulated primary skin lesions.
[https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-lesions]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| Surgery | Surgery | The branch of medicine that employs operations in
the treatment of disease or injury.
Surgery can involve cutting, abrading, suturing,
or otherwise physically changing
body tissues and organs.
[https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5603]
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| Trauma | Trauma | Previous injury to breast consistent with surgery,
infection, etc.
Valid for the following modalities: MRI. |
| VascularCalcifications | Vascular calcifications | Parallel tracks, or linear tubular calcifications
that are clearly associated with
blood vessels.
While most vascular calcification is not difficult
to identify, if only a few discontinuous
calcific
particles are visible in a single location and if
association with a tubular structure
is questionable,
then additional spot-compression magnification views
may be needed to further characterize
their nature.
[Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System—Ultrasound, Second Edition page 38]
Valid for the following modalities: MG. |
| VenousStasis | Venous stasis | Venous stasis dermatitis happens when there's a problem
with the veins, that keeps
blood from moving through very well.
As more fluid and pressure build, some of the blood
leaks out of the veins and into
the skin.
[https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/venous-stasis-dermatitis#1]
Valid for the following modalities: NM. |
|
|
Propose a change