Release 5 Preview #2

This page is part of the FHIR Specification (v4.4.0: R5 Preview #2). The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions . Page versions: R5 R4B R4 R3 R2

10.3.13.7 StructureDefinition: Cholesterol

Orders and Observations Work Group Maturity Level: 1Trial Use Use Context: Not yet ready for Production use

The official URL for this profile is: 

http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cholesterol

Describes how the lab report is used for a standard Lipid Profile - Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Cholesterol fractions. Uses LOINC codes

This profile was published on Sat, May 12, 2012 00:00+1000 as a draft by Grahame Grieve.

10.3.13.7.1 Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots, and how the XML and JSON presentations work.

This structure is derived from Observation.

Summary

Mandatory: 3 elements (+3 nested mandatory elements)
Must-Support: 9 elements
Fixed Value: 5 elements
Prohibited: 7 elements

This structure is derived from Observation.

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation 1..1ObservationMeasurements and simple assertions
... code S1..1CodeableConceptCholesterol
Fixed Value: As shown
.... coding1..1CodingCode defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (complex)
..... system1..1uriIdentity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
..... code1..1codeSymbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: 35200-5
..... display1..1stringRepresentation defined by the system
Fixed Value: Cholesterol [Moles/​volume] in Serum or Plasma
... valueQuantity S0..1QuantityCholesterol value
.... value S0..1decimalActual numerical value
.... comparator 0..0
.... unit S1..1stringUnit representation
Fixed Value: mmol/L
.... system S1..1uriSystem that defines coded unit form
Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
.... code S1..1codeCoded form of the unit
Fixed Value: mmol/L
... interpretation S0..1CodeableConcept+ | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---
... referenceRange S1..1BackboneElementProvides guide for interpretation
.... low 0..0
.... high 1..1SimpleQuantityA fixed quantity (no comparator)
Fixed Value: As shown
..... value1..1decimalNumerical value (with implicit precision)
Fixed Value: 4.5
.... type 0..0
.... appliesTo 0..0
.... age 0..0
... hasMember 0..0
... derivedFrom 0..0

doco Documentation for this format
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation I1..1ObservationMeasurements and simple assertions
... id Σ0..1idLogical id of this artifact
... meta ΣI0..1MetaMetadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!ΣI0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... language I0..1codeLanguage of the resource content
Binding: Common Languages (preferred)
Max Binding: All Languages
... text I0..1NarrativeText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
... contained 0..*ResourceContained, inline Resources
... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?!I0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier ΣI0..*IdentifierBusiness Identifier for observation
... basedOn ΣI0..*Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)Fulfills plan, proposal or order
... partOf ΣI0..*Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationUsage | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)Part of referenced event
... status ?!ΣI1..1coderegistered | preliminary | final | amended +
Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
... category I0..*CodeableConceptClassification of type of observation
Binding: Observation Category Codes (preferred)
... code SΣI1..1CodeableConceptCholesterol
Binding: LOINC Codes (example)
Fixed Value: As shown
.... id0..0stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension0..0ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... coding1..1CodingCode defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (complex)
..... id0..0stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension0..0ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
..... system1..1uriIdentity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
..... version0..0stringVersion of the system - if relevant
..... code1..1codeSymbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: 35200-5
..... display1..1stringRepresentation defined by the system
Fixed Value: Cholesterol [Moles/​volume] in Serum or Plasma
..... userSelected0..0booleanIf this coding was chosen directly by the user
.... text0..0stringPlain text representation of the concept
... subject ΣI0..1Reference(Patient | Group | Device | Location)Who and/or what the observation is about
... focus ΣI0..*Reference(Resource)What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
... encounter ΣI0..1Reference(Encounter)Healthcare event during which this observation is made
... effective[x] ΣI0..1Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
.... effectiveDateTimedateTime
.... effectivePeriodPeriod
.... effectiveTimingTiming
.... effectiveInstantinstant
... issued ΣI0..1instantDate/Time this version was made available
... performer ΣI0..*Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | Patient | RelatedPerson)Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] ΣI0..1(Slice Definition)Actual result
Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
.... value[x]:valueQuantity SΣI0..1QuantityCholesterol value
..... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
..... value SΣI0..1decimalActual numerical value
..... unit SΣI1..1stringUnit representation
Fixed Value: mmol/L
..... system SΣI1..1uriSystem that defines coded unit form
Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
..... code SΣI1..1codeCoded form of the unit
Fixed Value: mmol/L
... dataAbsentReason I0..1CodeableConceptWhy the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible)
... interpretation SI0..1CodeableConcept+ | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---
Binding: Observation Interpretation Codes (extensible)
... note SI0..*AnnotationComments about result
... bodySite I0..1CodeableConceptObserved body part
Binding: SNOMED CT Body Structures (example)
... method I0..1CodeableConceptHow it was done
Binding: Observation Methods (example)
... specimen I0..1Reference(Specimen)Specimen used for this observation
... device I0..1Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)(Measurement) Device
... referenceRange SI1..1BackboneElementProvides guide for interpretation
.... id 0..1idUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!ΣI0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... high I1..1SimpleQuantityA fixed quantity (no comparator)
Fixed Value: As shown
..... id0..0stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension0..0ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
..... value1..1decimalNumerical value (with implicit precision)
Fixed Value: 4.5
..... comparator0..0code< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value
..... unit0..0stringUnit representation
..... system0..0uriSystem that defines coded unit form
..... code0..0codeCoded form of the unit
.... text I0..1stringText based reference range in an observation
... component ΣI0..*BackboneElementComponent results
.... id 0..1idUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!ΣI0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... code ΣI1..1CodeableConceptType of component observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINC Codes (example)
.... value[x] ΣI0..1Actual component result
..... valueQuantityQuantity
..... valueCodeableConceptCodeableConcept
..... valueStringstring
..... valueBooleanboolean
..... valueIntegerinteger
..... valueRangeRange
..... valueRatioRatio
..... valueSampledDataSampledData
..... valueTimetime
..... valueDateTimedateTime
..... valuePeriodPeriod
..... valueAttachmentAttachment
.... dataAbsentReason I0..1CodeableConceptWhy the component result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible)
.... interpretation I0..*CodeableConceptHigh, low, normal, etc.
Binding: Observation Interpretation Codes (extensible)
.... referenceRange I0..*Unknown reference to #Observation.referenceRange
Provides guide for interpretation of component result

doco Documentation for this format
<!-- Example Lipid Profile -->doco

<Observation xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"
>
  <!-- from Element: extension -->
 <id value="[id]"/><!-- 0..1 Logical id of this artifact -->
 <meta><!-- ?? 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource --></meta>
 <implicitRules value="[uri]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 A set of rules under which this content was created -->
 <language value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Language of the resource content   -->
 <text><!-- ?? 0..1 Narrative 
     Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation --></text>
 <contained><!-- 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources --></contained>
 <modifierExtension><!-- ?? 0..* Extension  Extensions that cannot be ignored  --></modifierExtension>
 <identifier><!-- ?? 0..* Identifier 
     Business Identifier for observation --></identifier>
 <basedOn><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(CarePlan) Fulfills plan, proposal or order --></basedOn>
 <partOf><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(MedicationAdministration) Part of referenced event --></partOf>
 <status value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 registered | preliminary | final | amended +   -->
 <category><!-- ?? 0..* CodeableConcept Classification of  type of observation   --></category>
 <code><!-- ?? 1..1 CodeableConcept Cholesterol   --></code>
 <subject><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Patient) 
     Who and/or what the observation is about --></subject>
 <focus><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(Resource) 
     What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record --></focus>
 <encounter><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Encounter) 
     Healthcare event during which this observation is made --></encounter>
 <effective[x]><!-- ?? 0..1 dateTime|Period|Timing|instant 
     Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation --></effective[x]>
 <issued value="[instant]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Date/Time this version was made available -->
 <performer><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(Practitioner) 
     Who is responsible for the observation --></performer>
 <-- valueQuantity sliced by type:$this  in the specified orderClosed-->
 <valueQuantity> ?? 0..1 Quantity  <!-- ?? 0..1 Cholesterol value -->
  <value value="[decimal]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Actual numerical value -->
  <comparator value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 0..0 < | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value   -->
  <unit value="[string]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 Unit representation -->
  <system value="[uri]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 System that defines coded unit form -->
  <code value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 Coded form of the unit -->
 </valueQuantity>
 <dataAbsentReason><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing   --></dataAbsentReason>
 <interpretation><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept + | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---   --></interpretation>
 <note><!-- ?? 0..* Annotation Comments about result --></note>
 <bodySite><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept Observed body part   --></bodySite>
 <method><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept How it was done   --></method>
 <specimen><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Specimen) Specimen used for this observation --></specimen>
 <device><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Device) (Measurement) Device --></device>
 <referenceRange> ?? 1..1 BackboneElement  <!-- ?? 1..1 Provides guide for interpretation -->
  <modifierExtension><!-- ?? 0..* Extension  Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized  --></modifierExtension>
  <low><!-- ?? 0..0 Quantity 
      Low Range, if relevant --></low>
  <high><!-- ?? 1..1 Quantity 
      A fixed quantity (no comparator) --></high>
  <type><!-- ?? 0..0 CodeableConcept Reference range qualifier   --></type>
  <appliesTo><!-- ?? 0..0 CodeableConcept Reference range population   --></appliesTo>
  <age><!-- ?? 0..0 Range 
      Applicable age range, if relevant --></age>
  <text value="[string]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Text based reference range in an observation -->
 </referenceRange>
 <hasMember><!-- ?? 0..0 Reference(Observation) 
     Related resource that belongs to the Observation group --></hasMember>
 <derivedFrom><!-- ?? 0..0 Reference(DocumentReference) 
     Related measurements the observation is made from --></derivedFrom>
 <component> ?? 0..* BackboneElement  <!-- ?? 0..* Component results -->
  <modifierExtension><!-- ?? 0..* Extension  Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized  --></modifierExtension>
  <code><!-- ?? 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of component observation (code / type)   --></code>
  <value[x]><!-- ?? 0..1 Quantity|CodeableConcept|string|
    boolean|integer|Range|Ratio|SampledData|time|dateTime|Period|Attachment 
      Actual component result --></value[x]>
  <dataAbsentReason><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the component result is missing   --></dataAbsentReason>
  <interpretation><!-- ?? 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.   --></interpretation>
  <referenceRange><!-- See #Observation.referenceRange  Provides guide for interpretation of component result --></referenceRange>
 </component>
</Observation>

{ // Example Lipid Profile
  // from Element: extension
    "meta" : { Meta }, // C?Metadata about the resource
    "implicitRules" : "<uri>", // C?A set of rules under which this content was created
    "language" : "<code>", // C?Language of the resource content
    "text" : { Narrative }, // C?Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
    "contained" : [{ Resource }], //Contained, inline Resources
    "modifierExtension" : [{ Extension }], // C?Extensions that cannot be ignored
    "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // C?Business Identifier for observation
    "basedOn" : [{ Reference(CarePlan) }], // C?Fulfills plan, proposal or order
    "partOf" : [{ Reference(MedicationAdministration) }], // C?Part of referenced event
    "status" : "<code>", // C? R! registered | preliminary | final | amended +
    "category" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // C?Classification of  type of observation
    "code" : { CodeableConcept }, // C? R! 
    "subject" : { Reference(Patient) }, // C?Who and/or what the observation is about
    "focus" : [{ Reference(Resource) }], // C?What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
    "encounter" : { Reference(Encounter) }, // C?Healthcare event during which this observation is made
// value[x]: Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation. One of these 4:
    "effectiveDateTime" : "<dateTime>", // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "effectivePeriod" : { Period }, // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "effectiveTiming" : { Timing }, // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "effectiveInstant" : "<instant>", // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "issued" : "<instant>", // C?Date/Time this version was made available
    "performer" : [{ Reference(Practitioner) }], // C?Who is responsible for the observation
    "valueQuantity" : [ //  sliced by type:$this  in the specified order, Closed 
      { // Cholesterol value // C?
        // from Element: extension
        "extension" : [ //  sliced by value:url  in the specified order, Open ]
        "value" : <decimal>, // C?Actual numerical value
        "unit" : "mmol/L", // C? R! 
        "system" : "http://unitsofmeasure.org", // C? R! 
        "code" : "mmol/L" // C? R! 
      }
    ],
    "dataAbsentReason" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?Why the result is missing
    "interpretation" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?+ | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---
    "note" : [{ Annotation }], // C?Comments about result
    "bodySite" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?Observed body part
    "method" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?How it was done
    "specimen" : { Reference(Specimen) }, // C?Specimen used for this observation
    "device" : { Reference(Device) }, // C?(Measurement) Device
    "referenceRange" : { BackboneElement }, // C? R! Provides guide for interpretation
    "component" : [{ BackboneElement }], // C?Component results
  }

This structure is derived from Observation.

Summary

Mandatory: 3 elements (+3 nested mandatory elements)
Must-Support: 9 elements
Fixed Value: 5 elements
Prohibited: 7 elements

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation.

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation 1..1ObservationMeasurements and simple assertions
... code S1..1CodeableConceptCholesterol
Fixed Value: As shown
.... coding1..1CodingCode defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (complex)
..... system1..1uriIdentity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
..... code1..1codeSymbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: 35200-5
..... display1..1stringRepresentation defined by the system
Fixed Value: Cholesterol [Moles/​volume] in Serum or Plasma
... valueQuantity S0..1QuantityCholesterol value
.... value S0..1decimalActual numerical value
.... comparator 0..0
.... unit S1..1stringUnit representation
Fixed Value: mmol/L
.... system S1..1uriSystem that defines coded unit form
Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
.... code S1..1codeCoded form of the unit
Fixed Value: mmol/L
... interpretation S0..1CodeableConcept+ | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---
... referenceRange S1..1BackboneElementProvides guide for interpretation
.... low 0..0
.... high 1..1SimpleQuantityA fixed quantity (no comparator)
Fixed Value: As shown
..... value1..1decimalNumerical value (with implicit precision)
Fixed Value: 4.5
.... type 0..0
.... appliesTo 0..0
.... age 0..0
... hasMember 0..0
... derivedFrom 0..0

doco Documentation for this format

Snapshot View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation I1..1ObservationMeasurements and simple assertions
... id Σ0..1idLogical id of this artifact
... meta ΣI0..1MetaMetadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!ΣI0..1uriA set of rules under which this content was created
... language I0..1codeLanguage of the resource content
Binding: Common Languages (preferred)
Max Binding: All Languages
... text I0..1NarrativeText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
... contained 0..*ResourceContained, inline Resources
... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?!I0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier ΣI0..*IdentifierBusiness Identifier for observation
... basedOn ΣI0..*Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)Fulfills plan, proposal or order
... partOf ΣI0..*Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationUsage | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)Part of referenced event
... status ?!ΣI1..1coderegistered | preliminary | final | amended +
Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
... category I0..*CodeableConceptClassification of type of observation
Binding: Observation Category Codes (preferred)
... code SΣI1..1CodeableConceptCholesterol
Binding: LOINC Codes (example)
Fixed Value: As shown
.... id0..0stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension0..0ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... coding1..1CodingCode defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (complex)
..... id0..0stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension0..0ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
..... system1..1uriIdentity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
..... version0..0stringVersion of the system - if relevant
..... code1..1codeSymbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: 35200-5
..... display1..1stringRepresentation defined by the system
Fixed Value: Cholesterol [Moles/​volume] in Serum or Plasma
..... userSelected0..0booleanIf this coding was chosen directly by the user
.... text0..0stringPlain text representation of the concept
... subject ΣI0..1Reference(Patient | Group | Device | Location)Who and/or what the observation is about
... focus ΣI0..*Reference(Resource)What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
... encounter ΣI0..1Reference(Encounter)Healthcare event during which this observation is made
... effective[x] ΣI0..1Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
.... effectiveDateTimedateTime
.... effectivePeriodPeriod
.... effectiveTimingTiming
.... effectiveInstantinstant
... issued ΣI0..1instantDate/Time this version was made available
... performer ΣI0..*Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | Patient | RelatedPerson)Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] ΣI0..1(Slice Definition)Actual result
Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
.... value[x]:valueQuantity SΣI0..1QuantityCholesterol value
..... id 0..1stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
..... value SΣI0..1decimalActual numerical value
..... unit SΣI1..1stringUnit representation
Fixed Value: mmol/L
..... system SΣI1..1uriSystem that defines coded unit form
Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
..... code SΣI1..1codeCoded form of the unit
Fixed Value: mmol/L
... dataAbsentReason I0..1CodeableConceptWhy the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible)
... interpretation SI0..1CodeableConcept+ | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---
Binding: Observation Interpretation Codes (extensible)
... note SI0..*AnnotationComments about result
... bodySite I0..1CodeableConceptObserved body part
Binding: SNOMED CT Body Structures (example)
... method I0..1CodeableConceptHow it was done
Binding: Observation Methods (example)
... specimen I0..1Reference(Specimen)Specimen used for this observation
... device I0..1Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)(Measurement) Device
... referenceRange SI1..1BackboneElementProvides guide for interpretation
.... id 0..1idUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!ΣI0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... high I1..1SimpleQuantityA fixed quantity (no comparator)
Fixed Value: As shown
..... id0..0stringUnique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension0..0ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
..... value1..1decimalNumerical value (with implicit precision)
Fixed Value: 4.5
..... comparator0..0code< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value
..... unit0..0stringUnit representation
..... system0..0uriSystem that defines coded unit form
..... code0..0codeCoded form of the unit
.... text I0..1stringText based reference range in an observation
... component ΣI0..*BackboneElementComponent results
.... id 0..1idUnique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension I0..*ExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!ΣI0..*ExtensionExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... code ΣI1..1CodeableConceptType of component observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINC Codes (example)
.... value[x] ΣI0..1Actual component result
..... valueQuantityQuantity
..... valueCodeableConceptCodeableConcept
..... valueStringstring
..... valueBooleanboolean
..... valueIntegerinteger
..... valueRangeRange
..... valueRatioRatio
..... valueSampledDataSampledData
..... valueTimetime
..... valueDateTimedateTime
..... valuePeriodPeriod
..... valueAttachmentAttachment
.... dataAbsentReason I0..1CodeableConceptWhy the component result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible)
.... interpretation I0..*CodeableConceptHigh, low, normal, etc.
Binding: Observation Interpretation Codes (extensible)
.... referenceRange I0..*Unknown reference to #Observation.referenceRange
Provides guide for interpretation of component result

doco Documentation for this format

XML Template

<!-- Example Lipid Profile -->doco

<Observation xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"
>
  <!-- from Element: extension -->
 <id value="[id]"/><!-- 0..1 Logical id of this artifact -->
 <meta><!-- ?? 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource --></meta>
 <implicitRules value="[uri]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 A set of rules under which this content was created -->
 <language value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Language of the resource content   -->
 <text><!-- ?? 0..1 Narrative 
     Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation --></text>
 <contained><!-- 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources --></contained>
 <modifierExtension><!-- ?? 0..* Extension  Extensions that cannot be ignored  --></modifierExtension>
 <identifier><!-- ?? 0..* Identifier 
     Business Identifier for observation --></identifier>
 <basedOn><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(CarePlan) Fulfills plan, proposal or order --></basedOn>
 <partOf><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(MedicationAdministration) Part of referenced event --></partOf>
 <status value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 registered | preliminary | final | amended +   -->
 <category><!-- ?? 0..* CodeableConcept Classification of  type of observation   --></category>
 <code><!-- ?? 1..1 CodeableConcept Cholesterol   --></code>
 <subject><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Patient) 
     Who and/or what the observation is about --></subject>
 <focus><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(Resource) 
     What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record --></focus>
 <encounter><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Encounter) 
     Healthcare event during which this observation is made --></encounter>
 <effective[x]><!-- ?? 0..1 dateTime|Period|Timing|instant 
     Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation --></effective[x]>
 <issued value="[instant]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Date/Time this version was made available -->
 <performer><!-- ?? 0..* Reference(Practitioner) 
     Who is responsible for the observation --></performer>
 <-- valueQuantity sliced by type:$this  in the specified orderClosed-->
 <valueQuantity> ?? 0..1 Quantity  <!-- ?? 0..1 Cholesterol value -->
  <value value="[decimal]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Actual numerical value -->
  <comparator value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 0..0 < | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value   -->
  <unit value="[string]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 Unit representation -->
  <system value="[uri]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 System that defines coded unit form -->
  <code value="[code]"/><!-- ?? 1..1 Coded form of the unit -->
 </valueQuantity>
 <dataAbsentReason><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing   --></dataAbsentReason>
 <interpretation><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept + | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---   --></interpretation>
 <note><!-- ?? 0..* Annotation Comments about result --></note>
 <bodySite><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept Observed body part   --></bodySite>
 <method><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept How it was done   --></method>
 <specimen><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Specimen) Specimen used for this observation --></specimen>
 <device><!-- ?? 0..1 Reference(Device) (Measurement) Device --></device>
 <referenceRange> ?? 1..1 BackboneElement  <!-- ?? 1..1 Provides guide for interpretation -->
  <modifierExtension><!-- ?? 0..* Extension  Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized  --></modifierExtension>
  <low><!-- ?? 0..0 Quantity 
      Low Range, if relevant --></low>
  <high><!-- ?? 1..1 Quantity 
      A fixed quantity (no comparator) --></high>
  <type><!-- ?? 0..0 CodeableConcept Reference range qualifier   --></type>
  <appliesTo><!-- ?? 0..0 CodeableConcept Reference range population   --></appliesTo>
  <age><!-- ?? 0..0 Range 
      Applicable age range, if relevant --></age>
  <text value="[string]"/><!-- ?? 0..1 Text based reference range in an observation -->
 </referenceRange>
 <hasMember><!-- ?? 0..0 Reference(Observation) 
     Related resource that belongs to the Observation group --></hasMember>
 <derivedFrom><!-- ?? 0..0 Reference(DocumentReference) 
     Related measurements the observation is made from --></derivedFrom>
 <component> ?? 0..* BackboneElement  <!-- ?? 0..* Component results -->
  <modifierExtension><!-- ?? 0..* Extension  Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized  --></modifierExtension>
  <code><!-- ?? 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of component observation (code / type)   --></code>
  <value[x]><!-- ?? 0..1 Quantity|CodeableConcept|string|
    boolean|integer|Range|Ratio|SampledData|time|dateTime|Period|Attachment 
      Actual component result --></value[x]>
  <dataAbsentReason><!-- ?? 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the component result is missing   --></dataAbsentReason>
  <interpretation><!-- ?? 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.   --></interpretation>
  <referenceRange><!-- See #Observation.referenceRange  Provides guide for interpretation of component result --></referenceRange>
 </component>
</Observation>

JSON Template

{ // Example Lipid Profile
  // from Element: extension
    "meta" : { Meta }, // C?Metadata about the resource
    "implicitRules" : "<uri>", // C?A set of rules under which this content was created
    "language" : "<code>", // C?Language of the resource content
    "text" : { Narrative }, // C?Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
    "contained" : [{ Resource }], //Contained, inline Resources
    "modifierExtension" : [{ Extension }], // C?Extensions that cannot be ignored
    "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // C?Business Identifier for observation
    "basedOn" : [{ Reference(CarePlan) }], // C?Fulfills plan, proposal or order
    "partOf" : [{ Reference(MedicationAdministration) }], // C?Part of referenced event
    "status" : "<code>", // C? R! registered | preliminary | final | amended +
    "category" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // C?Classification of  type of observation
    "code" : { CodeableConcept }, // C? R! 
    "subject" : { Reference(Patient) }, // C?Who and/or what the observation is about
    "focus" : [{ Reference(Resource) }], // C?What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
    "encounter" : { Reference(Encounter) }, // C?Healthcare event during which this observation is made
// value[x]: Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation. One of these 4:
    "effectiveDateTime" : "<dateTime>", // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "effectivePeriod" : { Period }, // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "effectiveTiming" : { Timing }, // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "effectiveInstant" : "<instant>", // C?Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
    "issued" : "<instant>", // C?Date/Time this version was made available
    "performer" : [{ Reference(Practitioner) }], // C?Who is responsible for the observation
    "valueQuantity" : [ //  sliced by type:$this  in the specified order, Closed 
      { // Cholesterol value // C?
        // from Element: extension
        "extension" : [ //  sliced by value:url  in the specified order, Open ]
        "value" : <decimal>, // C?Actual numerical value
        "unit" : "mmol/L", // C? R! 
        "system" : "http://unitsofmeasure.org", // C? R! 
        "code" : "mmol/L" // C? R! 
      }
    ],
    "dataAbsentReason" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?Why the result is missing
    "interpretation" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?+ | ++ | +++ | - | -- | ---
    "note" : [{ Annotation }], // C?Comments about result
    "bodySite" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?Observed body part
    "method" : { CodeableConcept }, // C?How it was done
    "specimen" : { Reference(Specimen) }, // C?Specimen used for this observation
    "device" : { Reference(Device) }, // C?(Measurement) Device
    "referenceRange" : { BackboneElement }, // C? R! Provides guide for interpretation
    "component" : [{ BackboneElement }], // C?Component results
  }

 

Alternate definitions: Master Definition (XML, JSON), Schematron

10.3.13.7.2 Terminology Bindings

PathNameConformanceValueSet
Observation.languageCommon LanguagespreferredCommon Languages
Observation.statusObservationStatusrequiredObservationStatus
Observation.categoryObservation Category CodespreferredObservation Category Codes
Observation.codeLOINC CodesexampleLOINC Codes
Observation.dataAbsentReasonDataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
Observation.interpretationObservation Interpretation CodesextensibleObservation Interpretation Codes
Observation.bodySiteSNOMED CT Body StructuresexampleSNOMED CT Body Structures
Observation.methodObservation MethodsexampleObservation Methods
Observation.component.codeLOINC CodesexampleLOINC Codes
Observation.component.dataAbsentReasonDataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
Observation.component.interpretationObservation Interpretation CodesextensibleObservation Interpretation Codes
.