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10.2 Resource DiagnosticReport - Content

Orders and Observations Work Group

Maturity Level: 3

Compartments: Device, Encounter, Patient, Practitioner

The findings and interpretation of diagnostic tests performed on patients, groups of patients, devices, and locations, and/or specimens derived from these. The report includes clinical context such as requesting and provider information, and some mix of atomic results, images, textual and coded interpretations, and formatted representation of diagnostic reports.

This resource is referenced by ClinicalImpression, Condition and Procedure

10.2.4 Resource Content

 

Alternate definitions: Master Definition (XML, JSON), XML Schema/Schematron (for ) + JSON Schema, ShEx (for Turtle)

10.2.4.1 Terminology Bindings

Path	Definition	Type	Reference
DiagnosticReport.status	The status of the diagnostic report as a whole.	Required	DiagnosticReportStatus
DiagnosticReport.category	Codes for diagnostic service sections.	Example	Diagnostic Service Section Codes
DiagnosticReport.code	Codes that describe Diagnostic Reports.	Preferred	LOINC Diagnostic Report Codes
DiagnosticReport.codedDiagnosis	Diagnoses codes provided as adjuncts to the report.	Example	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings

Examples of nested report groups: the antibody hepatitis order panel code for a group of hepatitis antibody related tests, or the organism code for a group of antibiotic isolate/sensitivities, or a set of perinatal measurements on a single fetus.

10.2.5 Notes:

10.2.5.1 Clinically Relevant Time

If the diagnostic procedure was performed on the patient directly, the effective[x] element is a dateTime, the time it was performed. If specimens were taken, the clinically relevant time of the report can be derived from the specimen collection times, but since detailed specimen information is not always available, and nor is the clinically relevant time always exactly the specimen collection time (e.g. complex timed tests), the reports SHALL always include a effective[x] element. Note that HL7 v2 messages often carry a diagnostically relevant time without carrying any specimen information.

10.2.5.2 Associated Observations

• The DiagnosticReport.code always contains the name of the report itself. The report can also contain a set of Observations in the DiagnosticReport.result element. These Observations can be simple observations (e.g. atomic results) or groups/panels of other observations. The Observation.code indicates the nature of the observation or panel (e.g. individual measure, organism isolate/sensitivity or antibody functional testing). When relevant, the observation can specify a particular specimen from which the result comes.
  • Examples of nesting groups/panels within an observation include reporting a "profile" consisting of several panels as is shown in this example, a group of antibiotic isolate/sensitivities for a bacterial culture, or a set of perinatal measurements on a single fetus.
  • There is rarely a need for more than two levels of nesting in the Observation tree. One known use is for organism sensitivities - an example of a complex Micro Isolate and Sensitivities is provided.

10.2.5.3 Associated Images

ImagingStudy and ImageObjectStudy and the DiagnosticReport.image element are somewhat overlapping - typically, the list of image references in the image element will also be found in one of the imaging study resources. However each caters to different types of displays for different types of purposes. Neither, either, or both may be provided.

10.2.5.4 Diagnostic Report Status

• Applications consuming diagnostic reports must take careful note of updated (revised) reports, and ensure that retracted reports are appropriately handled.
• For applications providing diagnostic reports, a report should not be final until all the individual data items reported with it are final or amended.
• If the report has been withdrawn following a previous final release, the DiagnosticReport and associated Observations should be retracted by replacing the status codes with the concept "entered-in-error", and setting the conclusion/comment (if provided) and the text narrative to some text like "This report has been withdrawn" in the appropriate language. A reason for retraction may be provided in the narrative.

10.2.5.5 Report Content

Typically, a report is either:all data, no narrative (e.g. Core lab) or a mix of data with some concluding narrative (e.g. Structured Pathology Report, Bone Density), or all narrative (for example a typical imaging report, histopathology). This resource provides for these 3 different presentations:

• As atomic data items: a hierarchical set of nested references to Observation resources often including pathologist/radiologist interpretation(s), one or more images, and possibly with a conclusion and/or one or more coded diagnoses
• As narrative: an XHTML presentation in the standard resource narrative
• As a "presented form": A rich text representation of the report - typically a PDF

Note that the conclusion and the coded diagnoses are part of the atomic data, and SHOULD be duplicated in the narrative and in the presented form if the latter is present. The narrative and the presented form serve the same function: a representation of the report for a human. The presented form is included since diagnostic service reports often contain presentation features that are not easy to reproduce in the HTML narrative. Whether or not the presented form is included, the narrative must be a clinically safe view of the diagnostic report; at a minimum, this could be fulfilled by a note indicating that the narrative is not proper representation of the report, and that the presented form must be used, or a generated view from the atomic data. However consumers of the report will best be served if the narrative contains clinically relevant data from the form. Commonly, the following patterns are used:

• Simple Laboratory Reports: A single set of atomic observations, and a tabular presentation in narrative. Typically this is encountered in high volume areas such as Biochemistry and Hematology
• Histopathology Report: A document report in a presented form and the narrative. Possibly a few key images, and some coded diagnoses for registries. If the service is creating a structured report, some atomic data may be included
• imaging Report; A document report in a presented form and the narrative, with an imaging study reference and possibly some key images. Some imaging reports such as a Bone Density Scan may include some atomic data

Note that the nature of reports from the various disciplines that provide diagnostic reports are changing quickly, as expert systems provide improved narrative reporting in high volume reports, structured reporting brings additional data to areas that have classically been narrative based, and the nature of the imaging and laboratory procedures are merging. As a consequence the patterns described above are only examples of how a diagnostic report can be used.

10.2.6 Search Parameters

Search parameters for this resource. The common parameters also apply. See Searching for more information about searching in REST, messaging, and services.

Name	Type	Description	Paths
category	token	Which diagnostic discipline/department created the report	DiagnosticReport.category
code	token	The code for the report as a whole, as opposed to codes for the atomic results, which are the names on the observation resource referred to from the result	DiagnosticReport.code
date	date	The clinically relevant time of the report	DiagnosticReport.effective[x]
diagnosis	token	A coded diagnosis on the report	DiagnosticReport.codedDiagnosis
encounter	reference	The Encounter when the order was made	DiagnosticReport.encounter (Encounter)
identifier	token	An identifier for the report	DiagnosticReport.identifier
image	reference	A reference to the image source.	DiagnosticReport.image.link (Media)
issued	date	When the report was issued	DiagnosticReport.issued
patient	reference	The subject of the report if a patient	DiagnosticReport.subject (Patient)
performer	reference	Who was the source of the report (organization)	DiagnosticReport.performer (Practitioner, Organization)
request	reference	Reference to the test or procedure request.	DiagnosticReport.request (ReferralRequest, ProcedureRequest, DiagnosticRequest)
result	reference	Link to an atomic result (observation resource)	DiagnosticReport.result (Observation)
specimen	reference	The specimen details	DiagnosticReport.specimen (Specimen)
status	token	The status of the report	DiagnosticReport.status
subject	reference	The subject of the report	DiagnosticReport.subject (Group, Device, Patient, Location)