This page is part of the FHIR Specification (v0.5.0: DSTU 2 Ballot 2). The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions . Page versions: R5 R4B R4 R3 R2
This resource maintained by the FHIR Management Group Work Group
A container for a collection of resources.
One common operation performed with resources is to gather a collection of resources into a single instance with containing context. In FHIR this is referred to as "bundling" the resources together. These resource bundles are useful for a variety of different reasons, including:
There are two ways to collect resources together for transport and persistance purposes - contained resources, and bundles. There is an important difference between the two:
In addition to these two technical mechanism, there are three administrative and infrastructure resources which also support grouping of content:
Structure
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bundle | I | Resource | Contains a collection of resources entry.search only when a search total only when a search or history entry.transaction when (and only when) a transaction entry.transactionResponse when (and only when) a transaction-response | |
type | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | history | searchset | collection BundleType (Required) | |
base | 0..1 | uri | Stated Base URL | |
total | I | 0..1 | unsignedInt | If search, the total number of matches |
link | 0..* | Element | Links related to this Bundle | |
relation | 1..1 | string | http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml | |
url | 1..1 | uri | Reference details for the link | |
entry | I | 0..* | Element | Entry in the bundle - will have a resource, or information must be a resource unless there's a transaction or transaction response |
base | 0..1 | uri | Base URL, if different to bundle base | |
link | 0..* | see link | Links related to this entry | |
resource | 0..1 | Resource | Resources in this bundle | |
search | I | 0..1 | Element | Search related information |
mode | 0..1 | code | match | include - why this is in the result set SearchEntryMode (Required) | |
score | 0..1 | decimal | Search ranking (between 0 and 1) | |
transaction | I | 0..1 | Element | Transaction Related Information |
method | 1..1 | code | GET | POST | PUT | DELETE HTTPVerb (Required) | |
url | 1..1 | uri | The URL for the transaction | |
ifNoneMatch | 0..1 | string | For managing cache currency | |
ifMatch | 0..1 | string | For managing update contention | |
ifModifiedSince | 0..1 | instant | For managing update contention | |
ifNoneExist | 0..1 | string | For conditional creates | |
transactionResponse | I | 0..1 | Element | Transaction Related Information |
status | 1..1 | string | Status return code for entry | |
location | 0..1 | uri | The location, if the operation returns a location | |
etag | 0..1 | string | The etag for the resource (if relevant) | |
lastModified | 0..1 | instant | Server's date time modified | |
signature | 0..1 | base64Binary | XML Digital Signature (base64 encoded) |
UML Diagram
XML Template
<Bundle xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"> <!-- from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language --> <type value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 document | message | transaction | transaction-response | history | searchset | collection --> <base value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 Stated Base URL --> <total value="[unsignedInt]"/><!-- 0..1 If search, the total number of matches --> <link> <!-- 0..* Links related to this Bundle --> <relation value="[string]"/><!-- 1..1 http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml --> <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 1..1 Reference details for the link --> </link> <entry> <!-- 0..* Entry in the bundle - will have a resource, or information --> <base value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 Base URL, if different to bundle base --> <link><!-- 0..* Content as for Bundle.link Links related to this entry --></link> <resource><!-- 0..1 Resource Resources in this bundle --></resource> <search> <!-- 0..1 Search related information --> <mode value="[code]"/><!-- 0..1 match | include - why this is in the result set --> <score value="[decimal]"/><!-- 0..1 Search ranking (between 0 and 1) --> </search> <transaction> <!-- 0..1 Transaction Related Information --> <method value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 GET | POST | PUT | DELETE --> <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 1..1 The URL for the transaction --> <ifNoneMatch value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For managing cache currency --> <ifMatch value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For managing update contention --> <ifModifiedSince value="[instant]"/><!-- 0..1 For managing update contention --> <ifNoneExist value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For conditional creates --> </transaction> <transactionResponse> <!-- 0..1 Transaction Related Information --> <status value="[string]"/><!-- 1..1 Status return code for entry --> <location value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 The location, if the operation returns a location --> <etag value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 The etag for the resource (if relevant) --> <lastModified value="[instant]"/><!-- 0..1 Server's date time modified --> </transactionResponse> </entry> <signature value="[base64Binary]"/><!-- 0..1 XML Digital Signature (base64 encoded) --> </Bundle>
JSON Template
{ "resourceType" : "Bundle", // from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language "type" : "<code>", // R! document | message | transaction | transaction-response | history | searchset | collection "base" : "<uri>", // Stated Base URL "total" : "<unsignedInt>", // C? If search, the total number of matches "link" : [{ // Links related to this Bundle "relation" : "<string>", // R! http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml "url" : "<uri>" // R! Reference details for the link }], "entry" : [{ // Entry in the bundle - will have a resource, or information "base" : "<uri>", // Base URL, if different to bundle base "link" : [{ Content as for Bundle.link }], // Links related to this entry "resource" : { Resource }, // Resources in this bundle "search" : { // C? Search related information "mode" : "<code>", // match | include - why this is in the result set "score" : <decimal> // Search ranking (between 0 and 1) }, "transaction" : { // C? Transaction Related Information "method" : "<code>", // R! GET | POST | PUT | DELETE "url" : "<uri>", // R! The URL for the transaction "ifNoneMatch" : "<string>", // For managing cache currency "ifMatch" : "<string>", // For managing update contention "ifModifiedSince" : "<instant>", // For managing update contention "ifNoneExist" : "<string>" // For conditional creates }, "transactionResponse" : { // C? Transaction Related Information "status" : "<string>", // R! Status return code for entry "location" : "<uri>", // The location, if the operation returns a location "etag" : "<string>", // The etag for the resource (if relevant) "lastModified" : "<instant>" // Server's date time modified } }], "signature" : "<base64Binary>" // XML Digital Signature (base64 encoded) }
Structure
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bundle | I | Resource | Contains a collection of resources entry.search only when a search total only when a search or history entry.transaction when (and only when) a transaction entry.transactionResponse when (and only when) a transaction-response | |
type | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | history | searchset | collection BundleType (Required) | |
base | 0..1 | uri | Stated Base URL | |
total | I | 0..1 | unsignedInt | If search, the total number of matches |
link | 0..* | Element | Links related to this Bundle | |
relation | 1..1 | string | http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml | |
url | 1..1 | uri | Reference details for the link | |
entry | I | 0..* | Element | Entry in the bundle - will have a resource, or information must be a resource unless there's a transaction or transaction response |
base | 0..1 | uri | Base URL, if different to bundle base | |
link | 0..* | see link | Links related to this entry | |
resource | 0..1 | Resource | Resources in this bundle | |
search | I | 0..1 | Element | Search related information |
mode | 0..1 | code | match | include - why this is in the result set SearchEntryMode (Required) | |
score | 0..1 | decimal | Search ranking (between 0 and 1) | |
transaction | I | 0..1 | Element | Transaction Related Information |
method | 1..1 | code | GET | POST | PUT | DELETE HTTPVerb (Required) | |
url | 1..1 | uri | The URL for the transaction | |
ifNoneMatch | 0..1 | string | For managing cache currency | |
ifMatch | 0..1 | string | For managing update contention | |
ifModifiedSince | 0..1 | instant | For managing update contention | |
ifNoneExist | 0..1 | string | For conditional creates | |
transactionResponse | I | 0..1 | Element | Transaction Related Information |
status | 1..1 | string | Status return code for entry | |
location | 0..1 | uri | The location, if the operation returns a location | |
etag | 0..1 | string | The etag for the resource (if relevant) | |
lastModified | 0..1 | instant | Server's date time modified | |
signature | 0..1 | base64Binary | XML Digital Signature (base64 encoded) |
XML Template
<Bundle xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"> <!-- from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language --> <type value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 document | message | transaction | transaction-response | history | searchset | collection --> <base value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 Stated Base URL --> <total value="[unsignedInt]"/><!-- 0..1 If search, the total number of matches --> <link> <!-- 0..* Links related to this Bundle --> <relation value="[string]"/><!-- 1..1 http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml --> <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 1..1 Reference details for the link --> </link> <entry> <!-- 0..* Entry in the bundle - will have a resource, or information --> <base value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 Base URL, if different to bundle base --> <link><!-- 0..* Content as for Bundle.link Links related to this entry --></link> <resource><!-- 0..1 Resource Resources in this bundle --></resource> <search> <!-- 0..1 Search related information --> <mode value="[code]"/><!-- 0..1 match | include - why this is in the result set --> <score value="[decimal]"/><!-- 0..1 Search ranking (between 0 and 1) --> </search> <transaction> <!-- 0..1 Transaction Related Information --> <method value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 GET | POST | PUT | DELETE --> <url value="[uri]"/><!-- 1..1 The URL for the transaction --> <ifNoneMatch value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For managing cache currency --> <ifMatch value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For managing update contention --> <ifModifiedSince value="[instant]"/><!-- 0..1 For managing update contention --> <ifNoneExist value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 For conditional creates --> </transaction> <transactionResponse> <!-- 0..1 Transaction Related Information --> <status value="[string]"/><!-- 1..1 Status return code for entry --> <location value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..1 The location, if the operation returns a location --> <etag value="[string]"/><!-- 0..1 The etag for the resource (if relevant) --> <lastModified value="[instant]"/><!-- 0..1 Server's date time modified --> </transactionResponse> </entry> <signature value="[base64Binary]"/><!-- 0..1 XML Digital Signature (base64 encoded) --> </Bundle>
JSON Template
{ "resourceType" : "Bundle", // from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language "type" : "<code>", // R! document | message | transaction | transaction-response | history | searchset | collection "base" : "<uri>", // Stated Base URL "total" : "<unsignedInt>", // C? If search, the total number of matches "link" : [{ // Links related to this Bundle "relation" : "<string>", // R! http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml "url" : "<uri>" // R! Reference details for the link }], "entry" : [{ // Entry in the bundle - will have a resource, or information "base" : "<uri>", // Base URL, if different to bundle base "link" : [{ Content as for Bundle.link }], // Links related to this entry "resource" : { Resource }, // Resources in this bundle "search" : { // C? Search related information "mode" : "<code>", // match | include - why this is in the result set "score" : <decimal> // Search ranking (between 0 and 1) }, "transaction" : { // C? Transaction Related Information "method" : "<code>", // R! GET | POST | PUT | DELETE "url" : "<uri>", // R! The URL for the transaction "ifNoneMatch" : "<string>", // For managing cache currency "ifMatch" : "<string>", // For managing update contention "ifModifiedSince" : "<instant>", // For managing update contention "ifNoneExist" : "<string>" // For conditional creates }, "transactionResponse" : { // C? Transaction Related Information "status" : "<string>", // R! Status return code for entry "location" : "<uri>", // The location, if the operation returns a location "etag" : "<string>", // The etag for the resource (if relevant) "lastModified" : "<instant>" // Server's date time modified } }], "signature" : "<base64Binary>" // XML Digital Signature (base64 encoded) }
Alternate definitions: Schema/Schematron, Resource Profile (XML, JSON)
Path | Definition | Type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Bundle.type | Indicates the purpose of a bundle- how it was intended to be used | Required | http://hl7.org/fhir/bundle-type |
Bundle.entry.search.mode | Why an entry is in the result set - whether it's included as a match or because of an _include requirement | Required | http://hl7.org/fhir/search-entry-mode |
Bundle.entry.transaction.method | HTTP verbs (in the HTTP command line) | Required | http://hl7.org/fhir/http-verb |
The content and rules for using a Bundle depend on the type of the bundle. Note that all bundle types use Bundle.base and Bundle.entry.base for identity resolution as described below.
A document bundle (type = "document") consists of a series of entries, the first of which is a Composition. Each entry element SHALL contain a resource. See Documents for further information.
A message bundle (type = "message") consists of a series of entries, the first of which is a MessageHeader. Each entry element SHALL contain a resource. See Messaging for further information.
Example: todo
A set of search results (type = "searchset") consists of a series of 0 or more entries. Each entry element SHALL contain a resource. See Search for further information.
In addition, Bundle.total may be used to return the total number of resources that match the search, and that may be returned by following the "next" link.
For each entry, a search set can also contain two specific pieces of search related information:
An update history (type = "history") consists of a series of 0 or more entries. Each entry element SHALL contain a transaction element that describes the change that was made, and, if the method is a POST or PUT, a resource that represents the state of the resource at the conclusion of the operation. See History for further information.
In addition, Bundle.total may be used to return the total number of resources that are included in the update history, and that may be returned by following the "next" link.
4Example to do
A transaction (type = "transaction") consists of a series of 0 or more entries. Each entry element MAY contain a transaction element, and MAY contain either a resource element. See Transactions for further information. Each entry in a transaction has the details of an HTTP operation that informs the system processing the transaction what to do with the entry. If the entry method is a 'PUT' or 'POST', then the entry SHALL contain a resource that becomes the body of the HTTP operation.
If there is no transaction
element, then there SHALL be a resource and the server must
infer whether this is a create or an update from from the resource identity supplied.
A transaction response (type = "transaction-response") consists of a series of
0 or more entries, 1 for each entry in the transaction it is in response to.
Each entry element SHALL contain a transactionResponse
element which indicates
the outcome of the HTTP operation that the server performed for the entry.
A collection (type = "collection") consists of a series of 0 or more entries. No particular use with respect to the FHIR specification is associated with this bundle. Each entry element SHALL contain a resource.
Bundle has a 'base' element, which is used to resolve relative references present in the bundled resources. In the case that the bundle includes resources with different bases, each entry can also assert its applicable base if this is different to the overall base. A base SHOULD always be specified, either in the bundle itself, or on each entry.
Applications reading a bundle should always look for a resource by its identity in the bundle first before trying to access it by its URL.
The id
property of a resource is a relative URI. In the case of the RESTful API, the
id is relative to the system base URL such that the absolute URI of the resource is:
[base]/[Type]/[id]
When resolving references with in a bundle, the resolution is against the absolute URI. For instance, if a resource with a stated base of http://example.org/fhir has a reference with a value of Patient/2341, then it will resolve to a Patient resource with an id of 2341 and a base of http://example.org/fhir, which is an absolute URI of http://example.org/fhir/Patient/2341.
There is one special case: for a base URI of urn:uuid: or urn:oid:, the absolute URI does not include the type of the resource:
[base][id]
OIDs and UUIDs are intended for use where the resource the entry is for has no established identity on an existing RESTful interface.
Search parameters for this resource. The common parameters also apply. See Searching for more information about searching in REST, messaging, and services.
Name | Type | Description | Paths |
composition | reference | The first resource in the bundle, if the bundle type is "document" - this is a composition, and this parameter provides access to searches its contents | (Composition) |
message | reference | The first resource in the bundle, if the bundle type is "message" - this is a message header, and this parameter provides access to search its contents | (MessageHeader) |
type | token | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | history | searchset | collection | Bundle.type |