Quality Measure Implementation Guide
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## Data Type Profile: CQM DataType Timing

Official URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/cqm/StructureDefinition/cqm-datatype-timing | Version: 1.0.0 | Highlight text changes?
Standards status: Trial-use Active as of 2026-03-12 | Maturity Level: 4 | Computable Name: CQMDataTypeTiming
Other Identifiers: OID:2.16.840.1.113883.4.642.40.61.42.37

Quality Measure IG constraints on the Timing datatype used in reportingTiming.

Usages:

- Use this DataType Profile: CQM Reporting Timing

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

### Formal Views of Profile Content

Description Differentials, Snapshots, and other representations.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Table
- Snapshot Table
- Statistics/References
- All

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Timing |  | 0..* | Timing | A timing schedule that specifies an event that may occur multiple times
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
repeat | Σ C | 1..1 | Element | When the event is to occur Constraints: tim-1, tim-2, tim-4, tim-5, tim-6, tim-7, tim-8, tim-9, tim-10
frequency | Σ | 1..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs frequency times per period
period | Σ | 1..1 | decimal | Event occurs frequency times per period
periodUnit | Σ | 1..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM) Binding: UnitsOfTime (required): A unit of time (units from UCUM).
timeOfDay | S Σ | 0..1 | time | Time of day for action
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Timing.repeat.periodUnit | Base | required | UnitsOfTime | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
tim-1 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a duration, there needs to be duration units | `duration.empty() or durationUnit.exists()`
tim-2 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a period, there needs to be period units | `period.empty() or periodUnit.exists()`
tim-4 | error | Timing.repeat | duration SHALL be a non-negative value | `duration.exists() implies duration >= 0`
tim-5 | error | Timing.repeat | period SHALL be a non-negative value | `period.exists() implies period >= 0`
tim-6 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a periodMax, there must be a period | `periodMax.empty() or period.exists()`
tim-7 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a durationMax, there must be a duration | `durationMax.empty() or duration.exists()`
tim-8 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a countMax, there must be a count | `countMax.empty() or count.exists()`
tim-9 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's an offset, there must be a when (and not C, CM, CD, CV) | `offset.empty() or (when.exists() and ((when in ('C' | 'CM' | 'CD' | 'CV')).not()))`
tim-10 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a timeOfDay, there cannot be a when, or vice versa | `timeOfDay.empty() or when.empty()`

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Timing |  | 0..* | Timing | A timing schedule that specifies an event that may occur multiple times
repeat |  | 1..1 | Element | When the event is to occur
frequency |  | 1..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs frequency times per period
period |  | 1..1 | decimal | Event occurs frequency times per period
periodUnit |  | 1..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM)
timeOfDay | S | 0..1 | time | Time of day for action
Documentation for this format

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Timing |  | 0..* | Timing | A timing schedule that specifies an event that may occur multiple times
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
event | Σ | 0..* | dateTime | When the event occurs
repeat | Σ C | 1..1 | Element | When the event is to occur Constraints: tim-1, tim-2, tim-4, tim-5, tim-6, tim-7, tim-8, tim-9, tim-10
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
bounds[x] | Σ | 0..1 |  | Length/Range of lengths, or (Start and/or end) limits
boundsDuration |  |  | Duration |
boundsRange |  |  | Range |
boundsPeriod |  |  | Period |
count | Σ | 0..1 | positiveInt | Number of times to repeat
countMax | Σ | 0..1 | positiveInt | Maximum number of times to repeat
duration | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | How long when it happens
durationMax | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | How long when it happens (Max)
durationUnit | Σ | 0..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM) Binding: UnitsOfTime (required): A unit of time (units from UCUM).
frequency | Σ | 1..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs frequency times per period
frequencyMax | Σ | 0..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs up to frequencyMax times per period
period | Σ | 1..1 | decimal | Event occurs frequency times per period
periodMax | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | Upper limit of period (3-4 hours)
periodUnit | Σ | 1..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM) Binding: UnitsOfTime (required): A unit of time (units from UCUM).
dayOfWeek | Σ | 0..* | code | mon | tue | wed | thu | fri | sat | sun Binding: DaysOfWeek (required)
timeOfDay | S Σ | 0..1 | time | Time of day for action
when | Σ | 0..* | code | Code for time period of occurrence Binding: EventTiming (required): Real world event relating to the schedule.
offset | Σ | 0..1 | unsignedInt | Minutes from event (before or after)
code | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | BID | TID | QID | AM | PM | QD | QOD | + Binding: TimingAbbreviation (preferred): Code for a known / defined timing pattern.
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Timing.repeat.durationUnit | Base | required | UnitsOfTime | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.repeat.periodUnit | Base | required | UnitsOfTime | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.repeat.dayOfWeek | Base | required | DaysOfWeek | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.repeat.when | Base | required | EventTiming | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.code | Base | preferred | TimingAbbreviation | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
tim-1 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a duration, there needs to be duration units | `duration.empty() or durationUnit.exists()`
tim-2 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a period, there needs to be period units | `period.empty() or periodUnit.exists()`
tim-4 | error | Timing.repeat | duration SHALL be a non-negative value | `duration.exists() implies duration >= 0`
tim-5 | error | Timing.repeat | period SHALL be a non-negative value | `period.exists() implies period >= 0`
tim-6 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a periodMax, there must be a period | `periodMax.empty() or period.exists()`
tim-7 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a durationMax, there must be a duration | `durationMax.empty() or duration.exists()`
tim-8 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a countMax, there must be a count | `countMax.empty() or count.exists()`
tim-9 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's an offset, there must be a when (and not C, CM, CD, CV) | `offset.empty() or (when.exists() and ((when in ('C' | 'CM' | 'CD' | 'CV')).not()))`
tim-10 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a timeOfDay, there cannot be a when, or vice versa | `timeOfDay.empty() or when.empty()`

Summary

Mandatory: 4 elements
Must-Support: 1 element

Maturity: 4

Key Elements View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Timing |  | 0..* | Timing | A timing schedule that specifies an event that may occur multiple times
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
repeat | Σ C | 1..1 | Element | When the event is to occur Constraints: tim-1, tim-2, tim-4, tim-5, tim-6, tim-7, tim-8, tim-9, tim-10
frequency | Σ | 1..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs frequency times per period
period | Σ | 1..1 | decimal | Event occurs frequency times per period
periodUnit | Σ | 1..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM) Binding: UnitsOfTime (required): A unit of time (units from UCUM).
timeOfDay | S Σ | 0..1 | time | Time of day for action
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Timing.repeat.periodUnit | Base | required | UnitsOfTime | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
tim-1 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a duration, there needs to be duration units | `duration.empty() or durationUnit.exists()`
tim-2 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a period, there needs to be period units | `period.empty() or periodUnit.exists()`
tim-4 | error | Timing.repeat | duration SHALL be a non-negative value | `duration.exists() implies duration >= 0`
tim-5 | error | Timing.repeat | period SHALL be a non-negative value | `period.exists() implies period >= 0`
tim-6 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a periodMax, there must be a period | `periodMax.empty() or period.exists()`
tim-7 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a durationMax, there must be a duration | `durationMax.empty() or duration.exists()`
tim-8 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a countMax, there must be a count | `countMax.empty() or count.exists()`
tim-9 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's an offset, there must be a when (and not C, CM, CD, CV) | `offset.empty() or (when.exists() and ((when in ('C' | 'CM' | 'CD' | 'CV')).not()))`
tim-10 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a timeOfDay, there cannot be a when, or vice versa | `timeOfDay.empty() or when.empty()`

Differential View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Timing |  | 0..* | Timing | A timing schedule that specifies an event that may occur multiple times
repeat |  | 1..1 | Element | When the event is to occur
frequency |  | 1..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs frequency times per period
period |  | 1..1 | decimal | Event occurs frequency times per period
periodUnit |  | 1..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM)
timeOfDay | S | 0..1 | time | Time of day for action
Documentation for this format

Snapshot ViewView

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Timing |  | 0..* | Timing | A timing schedule that specifies an event that may occur multiple times
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
event | Σ | 0..* | dateTime | When the event occurs
repeat | Σ C | 1..1 | Element | When the event is to occur Constraints: tim-1, tim-2, tim-4, tim-5, tim-6, tim-7, tim-8, tim-9, tim-10
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
bounds[x] | Σ | 0..1 |  | Length/Range of lengths, or (Start and/or end) limits
boundsDuration |  |  | Duration |
boundsRange |  |  | Range |
boundsPeriod |  |  | Period |
count | Σ | 0..1 | positiveInt | Number of times to repeat
countMax | Σ | 0..1 | positiveInt | Maximum number of times to repeat
duration | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | How long when it happens
durationMax | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | How long when it happens (Max)
durationUnit | Σ | 0..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM) Binding: UnitsOfTime (required): A unit of time (units from UCUM).
frequency | Σ | 1..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs frequency times per period
frequencyMax | Σ | 0..1 | positiveInt | Event occurs up to frequencyMax times per period
period | Σ | 1..1 | decimal | Event occurs frequency times per period
periodMax | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | Upper limit of period (3-4 hours)
periodUnit | Σ | 1..1 | code | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM) Binding: UnitsOfTime (required): A unit of time (units from UCUM).
dayOfWeek | Σ | 0..* | code | mon | tue | wed | thu | fri | sat | sun Binding: DaysOfWeek (required)
timeOfDay | S Σ | 0..1 | time | Time of day for action
when | Σ | 0..* | code | Code for time period of occurrence Binding: EventTiming (required): Real world event relating to the schedule.
offset | Σ | 0..1 | unsignedInt | Minutes from event (before or after)
code | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | BID | TID | QID | AM | PM | QD | QOD | + Binding: TimingAbbreviation (preferred): Code for a known / defined timing pattern.
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Timing.repeat.durationUnit | Base | required | UnitsOfTime | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.repeat.periodUnit | Base | required | UnitsOfTime | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.repeat.dayOfWeek | Base | required | DaysOfWeek | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.repeat.when | Base | required | EventTiming | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Timing.code | Base | preferred | TimingAbbreviation | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
tim-1 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a duration, there needs to be duration units | `duration.empty() or durationUnit.exists()`
tim-2 | error | Timing.repeat | if there's a period, there needs to be period units | `period.empty() or periodUnit.exists()`
tim-4 | error | Timing.repeat | duration SHALL be a non-negative value | `duration.exists() implies duration >= 0`
tim-5 | error | Timing.repeat | period SHALL be a non-negative value | `period.exists() implies period >= 0`
tim-6 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a periodMax, there must be a period | `periodMax.empty() or period.exists()`
tim-7 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a durationMax, there must be a duration | `durationMax.empty() or duration.exists()`
tim-8 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a countMax, there must be a count | `countMax.empty() or count.exists()`
tim-9 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's an offset, there must be a when (and not C, CM, CD, CV) | `offset.empty() or (when.exists() and ((when in ('C' | 'CM' | 'CD' | 'CV')).not()))`
tim-10 | error | Timing.repeat | If there's a timeOfDay, there cannot be a when, or vice versa | `timeOfDay.empty() or when.empty()`

Summary

Mandatory: 4 elements
Must-Support: 1 element

Maturity: 4

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron