Release 4

This page is part of the FHIR Specification (v4.0.1: R4 - Mixed Normative and STU) in it's permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions . Page versions: R5 R4B R4 R3 R2

Domainresource.profile.xml

FHIR Infrastructure Work GroupMaturity Level: N/AStandards Status: InformativeCompartments: Not linked to any defined compartments

Raw XML (canonical form + also see XML Format Specification)

Jump past Narrative

StructureDefinition for domainresource

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<StructureDefinition xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir">
  <id value="DomainResource"/> 
  <meta> 
    <lastUpdated value="2019-11-01T09:29:23.356+11:00"/> 
  </meta> 
  <text> 
    <status value="generated"/> 
    <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
      <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top;">
        <tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top;">
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="The logical name of the element">Name</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Information about the use of the element">Flags</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Minimum and Maximum # of times the the element can appear in the instance">Card.</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="width: 100px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Reference to the type of the element">Type</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Additional information about the element">Description &amp; Constraints</a> 
            <span style="float: right">
              <a href="formats.html#table" title="Legend for this format">
                <img alt="doco" src="help16.png" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
              </a> 
            </span> 
          </th> 
        </tr> 
        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            AABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Resource"/>  
            <span title="DomainResource : A resource that includes narrative, extensions, and contained resources.">DomainResource</span> 
            <a name="DomainResource"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="conformance-rules.html#constraints" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element has or is affected by some invariants">I</a> 
            <a href="versions.html#std-process" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; border: 1px grey solid; font-weight: bold; color:
             black; background-color: #e6ffe6" title="Standards Status = Normative">N</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="resource.html">Resource</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">A resource with narrative, extensions, and contained resources
            <br/>  
            <span style="font-style: italic" title="dom-2">+ Rule: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested
               Resources</span> 
            <br/>  
            <span style="font-style: italic" title="dom-3">+ Rule: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from
               elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource</span> 
            <br/>  
            <span style="font-style: italic" title="dom-4">+ Rule: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId
               or a meta.lastUpdated</span> 
            <br/>  
            <span style="font-style: italic" title="dom-5">+ Rule: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label</span> 
            <br/>  
            <span style="font-style: italic" title="dom-6">+ Guideline: A resource should have narrative for robust management</span> 
            <br/>  Elements defined in Ancestors: 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this
             value never changes.">id</a> , 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure.
             Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.">meta</a> , 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and
             which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an
             implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.">implicitRules</a> , 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="The base language in which the resource is written.">language</a> 
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <span title="DomainResource.text : A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource
             and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need
             not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make
             it &quot;clinically safe&quot; for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions
             may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.">text</span> 
            <a name="DomainResource.text"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="narrative.html#Narrative">Narrative</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <span title="DomainResource.contained : These resources do not have an independent existence apart
             from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor
             can they have their own independent transaction scope.">contained</span> 
            <a name="DomainResource.contained"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="resource.html#Resource">Resource</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Contained, inline Resources
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAABGdBTUEAAK/INwWK6QAAABl0RVh0U
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            Htdv/3pAQejzXjkhoO3tH7dIxY7EpEwMBgAr6O5Q8udliwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Extension"/>  
            <span title="DomainResource.extension : May be used to represent additional information that is not
             part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable,
             there is a strict set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions.
             Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL
             be met as part of the definition of the extension.">extension</span> 
            <a name="DomainResource.extension"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="extensibility.html#Extension">Extension</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Additional content defined by implementations
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            3RJTUUH3wYeFzME+lXFigAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+3OsRUAIAjEUO
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAABGdBTUEAAK/INwWK6QAAABl0RVh0U
            29mdHdhcmUAQWRvYmUgSW1hZ2VSZWFkeXHJZTwAAADdSURBVDjLY/j//z8DJZhhmBvw41KQ07dzbk5kG/Dtgu/Jb2fsT5JkwI+bqZ
            w/rsfYA21v+XE97f+PS5H/vx5Ra/98QN7+824ZTiIMSJr580bW/x+3iv//etD9/+fdpv/fzwX+/3LY6P/n7TIzCRtwPYYZaPvGH7d
            KgAb0AA1o/v/tQsh/oO0bP26TZiYqDIB+1/1+wef/z3vN/3/erPr/5aAOyHZdogMRGPIe38/7gvz+Gej3z18OG/8H2u5BvAFn7GO/
            Htdv/3pAQejzXjkhoO3tH7dIxY7EpEwMBgAr6O5Q8udliwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Extension"/>  
            <span title="DomainResource.modifierExtension : May be used to represent additional information that
             is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding
             of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants.
             Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions
             safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and
             use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is
             a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications
             processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource
             (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).">modifierExtension</span> 
            <a name="DomainResource.modifierExtension"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="conformance-rules.html#isModifier" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is a modifier element">?!</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="extensibility.html#Extension">Extension</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Extensions that cannot be ignored
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr> 
          <td class="hierarchy" colspan="5">
            <br/>  
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Legend for this format">
              <img alt="doco" src="help16.png" style="background-color: inherit"/>  Documentation for this format
            </a> 
          </td> 
        </tr> 
      </table> 
    </div> 
  </text> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-standards-status">
    <valueCode value="normative"/> 
  </extension> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-normative-version">
    <valueCode value="4.0.0"/> 
  </extension> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fmm">
    <valueInteger value="5"/> 
  </extension> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-wg">
    <valueCode value="fhir"/> 
  </extension> 
  <url value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/> 
  <version value="4.0.1"/> 
  <name value="DomainResource"/> 
  <status value="active"/> 
  <date value="2019-11-01T09:29:23+11:00"/> 
  <publisher value="Health Level Seven International (FHIR Infrastructure)"/> 
  <contact> 
    <telecom> 
      <system value="url"/> 
      <value value="http://hl7.org/fhir"/> 
    </telecom> 
  </contact> 
  <contact> 
    <telecom> 
      <system value="url"/> 
      <value value="http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/fiwg/index.cfm"/> 
    </telecom> 
  </contact> 
  <description value="A resource that includes narrative, extensions, and contained resources."/> 
  <fhirVersion value="4.0.1"/> 
  <mapping> 
    <identity value="rim"/> 
    <uri value="http://hl7.org/v3"/> 
    <name value="RIM Mapping"/> 
  </mapping> 
  <kind value="resource"/> 
  <abstract value="true"/> 
  <type value="DomainResource"/> 
  <baseDefinition value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Resource"/> 
  <derivation value="specialization"/> 
  <snapshot> 
    <element id="DomainResource">
      <path value="DomainResource"/> 
      <short value="A resource with narrative, extensions, and contained resources"/> 
      <definition value="A resource that includes narrative, extensions, and contained resources."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-2"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources"/> 
        <expression value="contained.contained.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(parent::f:contained and f:contained)"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-3"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere
         in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource"/> 
        <expression value="contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonica
        l) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(refer
        ence = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(c
        anonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(for $id in f:contained/*/f:id/@value return $contained[not(parent::*/descendant::f:refere
        nce/@value=concat('#', $contained/*/id/@value) or descendant::f:reference[@value='#'])]))"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-4"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or
         a meta.lastUpdated"/> 
        <expression value="contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:versionId)) and not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:lastUpdated))"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-5"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label"/> 
        <expression value="contained.meta.security.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:security))"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice-explanation">
          <valueMarkdown value="When a resource has no narrative, only systems that fully understand the data can display
           the resource to a human safely. Including a human readable representation in the resource
           makes for a much more robust eco-system and cheaper handling of resources by intermediary
           systems. Some ecosystems restrict distribution of resources to only those systems that
           do fully understand the resources, and as a consequence implementers may believe that
           the narrative is superfluous. However experience shows that such eco-systems often open
           up to new participants over time."/> 
        </extension> 
        <key value="dom-6"/> 
        <severity value="warning"/> 
        <human value="A resource should have narrative for robust management"/> 
        <expression value="text.`div`.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:text/h:div)"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="Entity. Role, or Act"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.id">
      <path value="DomainResource.id"/> 
      <short value="Logical id of this artifact"/> 
      <definition value="The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this
       value never changes."/> 
      <comment value="The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the
       server using a create operation."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.id"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
    <!--  Note: special primitive values have a FHIRPath system type. e.g. this is compiler magic
       (j)  -->
      <type> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fhir-type">
          <valueUrl value="string"/> 
        </extension> 
        <code value="http://hl7.org/fhirpath/System.String"/> 
      </type> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.meta">
      <path value="DomainResource.meta"/> 
      <short value="Metadata about the resource"/> 
      <definition value="The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure.
       Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.meta"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Meta"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.implicitRules">
      <path value="DomainResource.implicitRules"/> 
      <short value="A set of rules under which this content was created"/> 
      <definition value="A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and
       which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an
       implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc."/> 
      <comment value="Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of
       trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term.
       However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define,
       collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers
       and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL
       is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of
       it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.implicitRules"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="uri"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional
       knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.language">
      <path value="DomainResource.language"/> 
      <short value="Language of the resource content"/> 
      <definition value="The base language in which the resource is written."/> 
      <comment value="Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as
       text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies 
       to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language
       of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has
       to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the
       narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on
       the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship
       between xml:lang and the html lang attribute)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.language"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-maxValueSet">
          <valueCanonical value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="Language"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-isCommonBinding">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="preferred"/> 
        <description value="A human language."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.text">
      <path value="DomainResource.text"/> 
      <short value="Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation"/> 
      <definition value="A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to
       represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the
       structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it &quot;clinically
       safe&quot; for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what
       content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety."/> 
      <comment value="Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have
       a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional
       discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied).  This may be necessary
       for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a &quot;text blob&quot;
       or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added
       later."/> 
      <alias value="narrative"/> 
      <alias value="html"/> 
      <alias value="xhtml"/> 
      <alias value="display"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.text"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Narrative"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="Act.text?"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.contained">
      <path value="DomainResource.contained"/> 
      <short value="Contained, inline Resources"/> 
      <definition value="These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains
       them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent
       transaction scope."/> 
      <comment value="This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification
       is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained
       resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security
       labels."/> 
      <alias value="inline resources"/> 
      <alias value="anonymous resources"/> 
      <alias value="contained resources"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.contained"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Resource"/> 
      </type> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.extension">
      <path value="DomainResource.extension"/> 
      <slicing> 
        <discriminator> 
          <type value="value"/> 
          <path value="url"/> 
        </discriminator> 
        <description value="Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url"/> 
        <rules value="open"/> 
      </slicing> 
      <short value="Additional content defined by implementations"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict
       set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer
       can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the
       definition of the extension."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.extension"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ext-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/> 
        <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.modifierExtension">
      <path value="DomainResource.modifierExtension"/> 
      <slicing> 
        <discriminator> 
          <type value="value"/> 
          <path value="url"/> 
        </discriminator> 
        <description value="Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url"/> 
        <rules value="open"/> 
      </slicing> 
      <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or
       the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide
       negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is
       a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any
       implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL
       be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource
       are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource
       (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself)."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <requirements value="Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly
       distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This
       promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence
       of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](extensibility.ht
      ml#modifierExtension)."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.modifierExtension"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ext-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/> 
        <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource
       that contains them"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
  </snapshot> 
  <differential> 
    <element id="DomainResource">
      <path value="DomainResource"/> 
      <short value="A resource with narrative, extensions, and contained resources"/> 
      <definition value="A resource that includes narrative, extensions, and contained resources."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-2"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources"/> 
        <expression value="contained.contained.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(parent::f:contained and f:contained)"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-4"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or
         a meta.lastUpdated"/> 
        <expression value="contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:versionId)) and not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:lastUpdated))"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-3"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere
         in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource"/> 
        <expression value="contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonica
        l) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(refer
        ence = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(c
        anonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(for $id in f:contained/*/f:id/@value return $contained[not(parent::*/descendant::f:refere
        nce/@value=concat('#', $contained/*/id/@value) or descendant::f:reference[@value='#'])]))"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice-explanation">
          <valueMarkdown value="When a resource has no narrative, only systems that fully understand the data can display
           the resource to a human safely. Including a human readable representation in the resource
           makes for a much more robust eco-system and cheaper handling of resources by intermediary
           systems. Some ecosystems restrict distribution of resources to only those systems that
           do fully understand the resources, and as a consequence implementers may believe that
           the narrative is superfluous. However experience shows that such eco-systems often open
           up to new participants over time."/> 
        </extension> 
        <key value="dom-6"/> 
        <severity value="warning"/> 
        <human value="A resource should have narrative for robust management"/> 
        <expression value="text.`div`.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:text/h:div)"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-5"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label"/> 
        <expression value="contained.meta.security.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:security))"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="Entity. Role, or Act"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.text">
      <path value="DomainResource.text"/> 
      <short value="Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation"/> 
      <definition value="A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to
       represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the
       structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it &quot;clinically
       safe&quot; for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what
       content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety."/> 
      <comment value="Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have
       a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional
       discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied).  This may be necessary
       for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a &quot;text blob&quot;
       or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added
       later."/> 
      <alias value="narrative"/> 
      <alias value="html"/> 
      <alias value="xhtml"/> 
      <alias value="display"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Narrative"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="Act.text?"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.contained">
      <path value="DomainResource.contained"/> 
      <short value="Contained, inline Resources"/> 
      <definition value="These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains
       them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent
       transaction scope."/> 
      <comment value="This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification
       is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained
       resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security
       labels."/> 
      <alias value="inline resources"/> 
      <alias value="anonymous resources"/> 
      <alias value="contained resources"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Resource"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.extension">
      <path value="DomainResource.extension"/> 
      <slicing> 
        <discriminator> 
          <type value="value"/> 
          <path value="url"/> 
        </discriminator> 
        <description value="Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url"/> 
        <rules value="open"/> 
      </slicing> 
      <short value="Additional content defined by implementations"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict
       set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer
       can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the
       definition of the extension."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="DomainResource.modifierExtension">
      <path value="DomainResource.modifierExtension"/> 
      <slicing> 
        <discriminator> 
          <type value="value"/> 
          <path value="url"/> 
        </discriminator> 
        <description value="Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url"/> 
        <rules value="open"/> 
      </slicing> 
      <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or
       the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide
       negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is
       a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any
       implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL
       be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource
       are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource
       (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself)."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <requirements value="Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly
       distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This
       promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence
       of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](extensibility.ht
      ml#modifierExtension)."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource
       that contains them"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
  </differential> 
</StructureDefinition> 

Usage note: every effort has been made to ensure that the examples are correct and useful, but they are not a normative part of the specification.