A structured set of questions intended to guide the collection of answers from end-users. Questionnaires provide detailed control over order, presentation, phraseology and grouping to allow coherent, consistent data collection.

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content.

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element.

This element is labelled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] (new:Coding, string)

Element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). An externally-defined extension that has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x]: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-versionAlgorithm. If set as a string, this is a FHIRPath expression that has two additional context variables passed in - %version1 and %version2 and will return a negative number if version1 is newer, a positive number if version2 and a 0 if the version ordering can't be successfully be determined.

R5: Questionnaire.derivedFrom (new:canonical(Questionnaire))

Element Questionnaire.derivedFrom has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.derivedFrom has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element covers a broad range of relationships, from 'somewhat inspired by' to 'fully compliant with'. There is a standard extensionthat allows clearer differentiation between the specifics of the derivation relationship where this is needed - e.g. to determine substitutability and validation expectations - http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-derivationType.

R5: Questionnaire.copyrightLabel (new:string)

Element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). An externally-defined extension that has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-copyrightLabel. The (c) symbol should NOT be included in this string. It will be added by software when rendering the notation. Full details about licensing, restrictions, warrantees, etc. goes in the more general 'copyright' element.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

The status of this questionnaire. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the content.

Allows filtering of questionnaires that are appropriate for use vs. not.
This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not use a retired questionnaire without due consideration.

The lifecycle status of a Value Set or Concept Map.

A boolean value to indicate that this questionnaire is authored for testing purposes (or education/evaluation/marketing), and is not intended to be used for genuine usage.

Allows filtering of questionnaire that are appropriate for use vs. not. This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not use an experimental questionnaire in production.

Enables experimental content to be developed following the same lifecycle that would be used for a production-level questionnaire.

R5: Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] (new:Coding, string)

Element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). An externally-defined extension that has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x]: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-versionAlgorithm. If set as a string, this is a FHIRPath expression that has two additional context variables passed in - %version1 and %version2 and will return a negative number if version1 is newer, a positive number if version2 and a 0 if the version ordering can't be successfully be determined.

R5: Questionnaire.derivedFrom (new:canonical(Questionnaire))

Element Questionnaire.derivedFrom has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.derivedFrom has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element covers a broad range of relationships, from 'somewhat inspired by' to 'fully compliant with'. There is a standard extensionthat allows clearer differentiation between the specifics of the derivation relationship where this is needed - e.g. to determine substitutability and validation expectations - http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-derivationType.

R5: Questionnaire.copyrightLabel (new:string)

Element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). An externally-defined extension that has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-copyrightLabel. The (c) symbol should NOT be included in this string. It will be added by software when rendering the notation. Full details about licensing, restrictions, warrantees, etc. goes in the more general 'copyright' element.

R5: Questionnaire.contact additional types (ContactDetail) additional types from child elements (name, telecom)

Element Questionnaire.contact is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.contact as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.contact do not cover the following types: ContactDetail. The mappings for Questionnaire.contact do not cover the following types based on type expansion: name, telecom. May be a web site, an email address, a telephone number, etc.

See guidance around (not) making local changes to elements here.

R5: Questionnaire.subjectType additional codes

Element Questionnaire.subjectType is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.subjectType as RelatedTo. The mappings for Questionnaire.subjectType do not allow expression of the necessary codes, per the bindings on the source and target. If none are specified, then the subject is unlimited.

R5: Questionnaire.item.enableBehavior (new:code)

Element Questionnaire.item.enableBehavior has a context of Questionnaire.item based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.enableBehavior has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element must be specified if more than one enableWhen value is provided.

R5: Questionnaire.item.disabledDisplay (new:code)

Element Questionnaire.item.disabledDisplay has a context of Questionnaire.item based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.disabledDisplay has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). If not specified, rendering behavior is up to the client. This element is only meaningful if enableWhen or an equivalent extension is present

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint (new:code)

Element Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint has a context of Questionnaire.item based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

R5: Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x] additional types (decimal, integer, date, dateTime, time, string, Coding, Quantity, Reference(http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Resource))

Element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x] is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.hasAnswer as RelatedTo. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x] do not cover the following types: Coding, date, dateTime, decimal, integer, Quantity, Reference, string, time.

R5: Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator additional types (code) additional types from child elements (value)

Element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.hasAnswer as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator do not cover the following types: code. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator do not cover the following types based on type expansion: value.

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet additional types (canonical(http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ValueSet)) additional types from child elements (value)

Element Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.options as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet do not cover the following types: canonical. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet do not cover the following types based on type expansion: value. LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x] additional types (Reference(http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Resource))

Element Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x] is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.option.value[x] as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x] do not cover the following types: Reference. The target context Questionnaire.item.option.value[x] is a choice-type element and cannot directly hold extensions. The context is moved up to parent element Questionnaire.item.option. The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerOption.initialSelected (new:boolean)

Element Questionnaire.item.answerOption.initialSelected has a context of Questionnaire.item.option based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.answerOption.initialSelected has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

R5: Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x]

Element Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x] is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.initial[x] as RelatedTo. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x] with unmapped reference targets: Resource. Source element Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x] has unmapped reference types. While the target element Questionnaire.item.initial[x] is a choice type and does not allow extensions, the alternate-reference extension can be applied to Reference values within it. The type of the initial value must be consistent with the type of the item.

A structured set of questions intended to guide the collection of answers from end-users. Questionnaires provide detailed control over order, presentation, phraseology and grouping to allow coherent, consistent data collection.

The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content may not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content.

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element.

This element is labelled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation.

The base language in which the resource is written.

Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Common Languages
(extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages|3.0.2)

A human language.

A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource, and may be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded in formation is added later.

These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] (new:Coding, string)

Element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x] has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). An externally-defined extension that has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.versionAlgorithm[x]: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-versionAlgorithm. If set as a string, this is a FHIRPath expression that has two additional context variables passed in - %version1 and %version2 and will return a negative number if version1 is newer, a positive number if version2 and a 0 if the version ordering can't be successfully be determined.

R5: Questionnaire.derivedFrom (new:canonical(Questionnaire))

Element Questionnaire.derivedFrom has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.derivedFrom has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element covers a broad range of relationships, from 'somewhat inspired by' to 'fully compliant with'. There is a standard extensionthat allows clearer differentiation between the specifics of the derivation relationship where this is needed - e.g. to determine substitutability and validation expectations - http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-derivationType.

R5: Questionnaire.copyrightLabel (new:string)

Element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel has a context of Questionnaire based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). An externally-defined extension that has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.copyrightLabel: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-copyrightLabel. The (c) symbol should NOT be included in this string. It will be added by software when rendering the notation. Full details about licensing, restrictions, warrantees, etc. goes in the more general 'copyright' element.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

An absolute URI that is used to identify this questionnaire when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or an instance. This SHALL be a URL, SHOULD be globally unique, and SHOULD be an address at which this questionnaire is (or will be) published. The URL SHOULD include the major version of the questionnaire. For more information see Technical and Business Versions.

Can be a urn:uuid: or a urn:oid:, but real http: addresses are preferred. Multiple instances may share the same url if they have a distinct version.

… This is the id that will be used to link a QuestionnaireResponse to the Questionnaire the response is for.

A formal identifier that is used to identify this questionnaire when it is represented in other formats, or referenced in a specification, model, design or an instance.

Typically, this is used for identifiers that can go in an HL7 V3 II (instance identifier) data type, e.g., to identify this questionnaire outside of FHIR, where it is not possible to use the logical URI.

Allows externally provided and/or usable business identifiers to be easily associated with the module.

The identifier that is used to identify this version of the questionnaire when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or instance. This is an arbitrary value managed by the questionnaire author and is not expected to be globally unique. For example, it might be a timestamp (e.g. yyyymmdd) if a managed version is not available. There is also no expectation that versions can be placed in a lexicographical sequence.

There may be different questionnaire instances that have the same identifier but different versions. The version can be appended to the url in a reference to allow a refrence to a particular business version of the questionnaire with the format [url]|[version].

A natural language name identifying the questionnaire. This name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation.

The name is not expected to be globally unique. The name should be a simple alpha-numeric type name to ensure that it is computable friendly.

Support human navigation and code generation.

A short, descriptive, user-friendly title for the questionnaire.

This name does not need to be machine-processing friendly and may contain punctuation, white-space, etc.

The status of this questionnaire. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the content.

Allows filtering of questionnaires that are appropriate for use vs. not.
This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not use a retired questionnaire without due consideration.

The lifecycle status of a Value Set or Concept Map.

A boolean value to indicate that this questionnaire is authored for testing purposes (or education/evaluation/marketing), and is not intended to be used for genuine usage.

Allows filtering of questionnaire that are appropriate for use vs. not. This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not use an experimental questionnaire in production.

Enables experimental content to be developed following the same lifecycle that would be used for a production-level questionnaire.

The date (and optionally time) when the questionnaire was published. The date must change if and when the business version changes and it must change if the status code changes. In addition, it should change when the substantive content of the questionnaire changes.

Note that this is not the same as the resource last-modified-date, since the resource may be a secondary representation of the questionnaire. Additional specific dates may be added as extensions or be found by consulting Provenances associated with past versions of the resource.

The name of the individual or organization that published the questionnaire.

Usually an organization, but may be an individual. The publisher (or steward) of the questionnaire is the organization or individual primarily responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the questionnaire. This is not necessarily the same individual or organization that developed and initially authored the content. The publisher is the primary point of contact for questions or issues with the questionnaire. This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context.

Helps establish the "authority/credibility" of the questionnaire. May also allow for contact.

A free text natural language description of the questionnaire from a consumer's perspective.

This description can be used to capture details such as why the questionnaire was built, comments about misuse, instructions for clinical use and interpretation, literature references, examples from the paper world, etc. It is not a rendering of the questionnaire as conveyed in the 'text' field of the resource itself. This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context (e.g. the language of the profile is presumed to be the predominant language in the place the profile was created).

Explaination of why this questionnaire is needed and why it has been designed as it has.

This element does not describe the usage of the questionnaire Instead it provides traceability of ''why'' the resource is either needed or ''why'' it is defined as it is. This may be used to point to source materials or specifications that drove the structure of this questionnaire.

The date on which the resource content was approved by the publisher. Approval happens once when the content is officially approved for usage.

The 'date' element may be more recent than the approval date because of minor changes / editorial corrections.

The date on which the resource content was last reviewed. Review happens periodically after approval, but doesn't change the original approval date.

If specified, this is usually after the approval date.

Gives a sense of how "current" the content is. Resources that have not been reviewed in a long time may have a risk of being less appropriate/relevant.

The period during which the questionnaire content was or is planned to be in active use.

The effective period for a questionnaire determines when the content is applicable for usage and is independent of publication and review dates. For example, a measure intended to be used for the year 2016 might be published in 2015.

Allows establishing a transition before a resource comes into effect and also allows for a sunsetting process when new versions of a the questionnaire are or are expected to be used instead.

The content was developed with a focus and intent of supporting the contexts that are listed. These terms may be used to assist with indexing and searching for appropriate questionnaire instances.

When multiple useContexts are specified, there is no expectation whether all or any of the contexts apply.

Assist in searching for appropriate content.

A legal or geographic region in which the questionnaire is intended to be used.

It may be possible for the questionnaire to be used in jurisdictions other than those for which it was originally designed or intended.

Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use

Contact details to assist a user in finding and communicating with the publisher.

May be a web site, an email address, a telephone number, etc.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.contact additional types (ContactDetail) additional types from child elements (name, telecom)

Element Questionnaire.contact is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.contact as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.contact do not cover the following types: ContactDetail. The mappings for Questionnaire.contact do not cover the following types based on type expansion: name, telecom. May be a web site, an email address, a telephone number, etc.

See guidance around (not) making local changes to elements here.

The name of an individual to contact.

If there is no named individual, the telecom information is for the organization as a whole.

The contact details for the individual (if a name was provided) or the organization.

A copyright statement relating to the questionnaire and/or its contents. Copyright statements are generally legal restrictions on the use and publishing of the questionnaire.

Consumers must be able to determine any legal restrictions on the use of the questionnaire and/or its content.

An identifier for this question or group of questions in a particular terminology such as LOINC.

Codes for questionnaires, groups and individual questions

Allows linking of the complete Questionnaire resources to formal terminologies. It's common for "panels" of questions to be identified by a code.

The types of subjects that can be the subject of responses created for the questionnaire.

If none are specified, then the subject is unlimited.

The codes SHALL be taken from ResourceType
(required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types|3.0.2)

One of the resource types defined as part of FHIR.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.subjectType additional codes

Element Questionnaire.subjectType is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.subjectType as RelatedTo. The mappings for Questionnaire.subjectType do not allow expression of the necessary codes, per the bindings on the source and target. If none are specified, then the subject is unlimited.

Primitive value for code

A particular question, question grouping or display text that is part of the questionnaire.

The content of the questionnaire is constructed from an ordered, hierarchical collection of items.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.item.enableBehavior (new:code)

Element Questionnaire.item.enableBehavior has a context of Questionnaire.item based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.enableBehavior has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element must be specified if more than one enableWhen value is provided.

R5: Questionnaire.item.disabledDisplay (new:code)

Element Questionnaire.item.disabledDisplay has a context of Questionnaire.item based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.disabledDisplay has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). If not specified, rendering behavior is up to the client. This element is only meaningful if enableWhen or an equivalent extension is present

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint (new:code)

Element Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint has a context of Questionnaire.item based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.answerConstraint has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

An identifier that is unique within the Questionnaire allowing linkage to the equivalent item in a QuestionnaireResponse resource.

This ''can'' be a meaningful identifier (e.g. a LOINC code) but is not intended to have any meaning. GUIDs or sequential numbers are appropriate here.

QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.

A reference to an ElementDefinition that provides the details for the item. If a definition is provided, then the following element values can be inferred from the definition:

• code (ElementDefinition.code)
• type (ElementDefinition.type)
• required (ElementDefinition.min)
• repeats (ElementDefinition.max)
• maxLength (ElementDefinition.maxLength)
• options (ElementDefinition.binding)

Any information provided in these elements on a Questionnaire Item overrides the information from the definition.

the URI refers to an ElementDefinition in either a StructureDefinition or a DataElement, and always starts with the canonical URL for the target resource. When referring to a StructureDefinition, a fragment identifier is used to specify the element definition by its id Element.id. E.g. http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation#Observation.value[x]. In the absence of a fragment identifier, the first/root element definition in the target is the matching element definition. Note that LOINC codes implicitly define DataElement resources.

A common pattern is to define a set of data elements and then build multiple questionnaires for different circumstances to gather the data. This element provides traceability to the common definition and allows the content for the question to come from the underlying definition.

A terminology code that corresponds to this group or question (e.g. a code from LOINC, which defines many questions and answers).

The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

Codes for questionnaires, groups and individual questions

Allows linking of groups of questions to formal terminologies.

A short label for a particular group, question or set of display text within the questionnaire used for reference by the individual completing the questionnaire.

These are generally unique within a questionnaire, though this is not guaranteed. Some questionnaires may have multiple questions with the same label with logic to control which gets exposed.

Typically these won't be used for "display" items, though such use is not prohibited.

Systems SHOULD NOT generate their own prefixes if prefixes are defined for any items within a Questionnaire.

Separating the label from the question text allows improved rendering. Also, instructions will often refer to specific prefixes, so there's a need for the questionnaire design to have control over what labels are used.

The name of a section, the text of a question or text content for a display item.

The type of questionnaire item this is - whether text for display, a grouping of other items or a particular type of data to be captured (string, integer, coded choice, etc.).

Additional constraints on the type of answer can be conveyed by extensions. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

Distinguishes groups from questions and display text and indicates data type for questions

Defines the format in which the user is to be prompted for the answer.

A constraint indicating that this item should only be enabled (displayed/allow answers to be captured) when the specified condition is true.

If multiple repetitions of this extension are present, the item should be enabled when the condition for any of the repetitions is true. I.e. treat "enableWhen"s as being joined by an "or" clause.

This element is a modifier because if enableWhen is present for an item, "required" is ignored unless one of the enableWhen conditions is met.

Allows questionnaires to adapt based on answers to other questions. E.g. If physical gender is specified as a male, no need to capture pregnancy history. Also allows conditional display of instructions or groups of questions.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x] additional types (decimal, integer, date, dateTime, time, string, Coding, Quantity, Reference(http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Resource))

Element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x] is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.hasAnswer as RelatedTo. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.answer[x] do not cover the following types: Coding, date, dateTime, decimal, integer, Quantity, Reference, string, time.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

The linkId for the question whose answer (or lack of answer) governs whether this item is enabled.

If multiple question occurrences are present for the same question (same linkId), then this refers to the nearest question occurrence reachable by tracing first the "ancestor" axis and then the "preceding" axis and then the "following" axis.

An indication that this item should be enabled only if the specified question is answered (hasAnswer=true) or not answered (hasAnswer=false).

If answered=false and answer values are also provided, then they are treated as "or". I.e. "Enable if the question is unanswered or the answer is one of the specified values". If answered=true and answers are present, one of the specified answers must be met. (So there's little reason to specify answered=true if answers are present.).

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator additional types (code) additional types from child elements (value)

Element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.hasAnswer as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator do not cover the following types: code. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.enableWhen.operator do not cover the following types based on type expansion: value.

The actual value

An answer that the referenced question must match in order for the item to be enabled.

Multiple answers are treated as "or". E.g. Enable if question 1 = A, C or E.

Components not specified in the answer do not need to match. For example, if enableWhen specifies code + system for a Coding, it is ok if the answer has a "display" element. I.e. treat the answer as a 'pattern'.

The dataType of this element must be the same as the data type of the question being referenced.

Allowed values to answer questions.

An indication, if true, that the item must be present in a "completed" QuestionnaireResponse. If false, the item may be skipped when answering the questionnaire.

Questionnaire.item.required only has meaning for elements that are conditionally enabled with enableWhen if the condition evaluates to true. If an item that contains other items is marked as required, that does not automatically make the contained elements required (though required groups must contain at least one child element). The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

An indication, if true, that the item may occur multiple times in the response, collecting multiple answers answers for questions or multiple sets of answers for groups.

If a question is marked as repeats=true, then multiple answers can be provided for the question in the corresponding QuestionnaireResponse. When rendering the questionnaire, it is up to the rendering software whether to render the question text for each answer repetition or to simply list each of the answers beneath the question. (Which is most appropriate visually may depend on the type of answer as well as whether there are nested items.). The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

Items may be used to create set of (related) questions that can be repeated to give multiple answers to such a set.

An indication, when true, that the value cannot be changed by a human respondent to the Questionnaire.

The value of readOnly elements can be established by asserting extensions for defaultValues, linkages that support pre-population and/or extensions that support calculation based on other answers.

Allows certain information to be phrased (and rendered) as a question and an answer, while keeping users from changing it. May also be useful for preventing changes to pre-populated portions of a questionnaire, for calculated values, etc.

The maximum number of characters that are permitted in the answer to be considered a "valid" QuestionnaireResponse.

For base64binary, reflects the number of characters representing the encoded data, not the number of bytes of the binary data. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

A reference to a value set containing a list of codes representing permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet additional types (canonical(http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ValueSet)) additional types from child elements (value)

Element Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.options as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet do not cover the following types: canonical. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.answerValueSet do not cover the following types based on type expansion: value. LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

An identifier for the other resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

One of the permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

This element can be used when the value set machinery of options is deemed too cumbersome or when there's a need to capture options that are not codes.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x] additional types (Reference(http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Resource))

Element Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x] is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.option.value[x] as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for Questionnaire.item.answerOption.value[x] do not cover the following types: Reference. The target context Questionnaire.item.option.value[x] is a choice-type element and cannot directly hold extensions. The context is moved up to parent element Questionnaire.item.option. The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

R5: Questionnaire.item.answerOption.initialSelected (new:boolean)

Element Questionnaire.item.answerOption.initialSelected has a context of Questionnaire.item.option based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to Questionnaire. Element Questionnaire.item.answerOption.initialSelected has no mapping targets in FHIR STU3. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

Allowed values to answer questions.

The value that should be defaulted when initially rendering the questionnaire for user input.

The user is allowed to change the value and override the default (unless marked as read-only). If the user doesn't change the value, then this initial value will be persisted when the QuestionnaireResponse is initially created. Note that default values can influence results.

The data type of initial[x] must agree with the item.type.

Allowed values to answer questions.

In some workflows, having defaults saves time.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

R5: Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x]

Element Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x] is mapped to FHIR STU3 element Questionnaire.item.initial[x] as RelatedTo. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR R5 element Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x] with unmapped reference targets: Resource. Source element Questionnaire.item.initial.value[x] has unmapped reference types. While the target element Questionnaire.item.initial[x] is a choice type and does not allow extensions, the alternate-reference extension can be applied to Reference values within it. The type of the initial value must be consistent with the type of the item.

Text, questions and other groups to be nested beneath a question or group.

There is no specified limit to the depth of nesting. However, Questionnaire authors are encouraged to consider the impact on the user and user interface of overly deep nesting.

Reports can consist of complex nested groups.