Describes the event of a patient consuming or otherwise being administered a medication. This may be as simple as swallowing a tablet or it may be a long running infusion. Related resources tie this event to the authorizing prescription, and the specific encounter between patient and health care practitioner.

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.definition (new:Reference(PlanDefinition,ActivityDefinition))

Element MedicationAdministration.definition has a context of MedicationAdministration based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.definition has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.notGiven (new:boolean)

Element MedicationAdministration.notGiven has a context of MedicationAdministration based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.notGiven has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element is labeled as a modifier because it indicates that a administration didn't happen.

Will generally be set to show that the administration has been completed. For some long running administrations such as infusions, it is possible for an administration to be started but not completed or it may be paused while some other process is under way.

This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.

A set of codes indicating the current status of a MedicationAdministration.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.status additional codes

Element MedicationAdministration.status is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.status as RelatedTo. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.status do not allow expression of the necessary codes, per the bindings on the source and target. The target context MedicationAdministration.status is a modifier element, so this extension does not need to be defined as a modifier. This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.

Identifies the medication that was administered. This is either a link to a resource representing the details of the medication or a simple attribute carrying a code that identifies the medication from a known list of medications.

If only a code is specified, then it needs to be a code for a specific product. If more information is required, then the use of the medication resource is recommended. For example, if you require form or lot number, then you must reference the Medication resource.

Codes identifying substance or product that can be administered.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.medication[x] additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.medication[x] do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] with unmapped reference targets: Medication. Source element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] has unmapped reference types. While the target element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] is a choice type and does not allow extensions, the alternate-reference extension can be applied to Reference values within it. If only a code is specified, then it needs to be a code for a specific product. If more information is required, then the use of the medication resource is recommended.  For example if you require form or lot number, then you must reference the Medication resource. .

The person or animal or group receiving the medication.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.subject additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.subject is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.subject as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.subject do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.subject with unmapped reference targets: Group, Patient.

A specific date/time or interval of time during which the administration took place (or did not take place, when the 'notGiven' attribute is true). For many administrations, such as swallowing a tablet the use of dateTime is more appropriate.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.meta additional types (Meta) additional types from child elements (lastUpdated, profile, security, tag, versionId)

Element MedicationAdministration.meta is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.meta as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.meta do not cover the following types: Meta. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.meta do not cover the following types based on type expansion: lastUpdated, profile, security, tag, versionId.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.text additional types (Narrative) additional types from child elements (div, status)

Element MedicationAdministration.text is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.text as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.text do not cover the following types: Narrative. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.text do not cover the following types based on type expansion: div, status. Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded in formation is added later.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.definition (new:Reference(PlanDefinition,ActivityDefinition))

Element MedicationAdministration.definition has a context of MedicationAdministration based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.definition has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

STU3: MedicationAdministration.notGiven (new:boolean)

Element MedicationAdministration.notGiven has a context of MedicationAdministration based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.notGiven has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element is labeled as a modifier because it indicates that a administration didn't happen.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.identifier additional types (Identifier) additional types from child elements (assigner, period, system, type, use, value)

Element MedicationAdministration.identifier is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.identifier as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.identifier do not cover the following types: Identifier. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.identifier do not cover the following types based on type expansion: assigner, period, system, type, use, value.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.partOf additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.partOf is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.partOf as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.partOf do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.partOf with unmapped reference targets: MedicationAdministration, Procedure.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.status additional codes

Element MedicationAdministration.status is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.status as RelatedTo. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.status do not allow expression of the necessary codes, per the bindings on the source and target. The target context MedicationAdministration.status is a modifier element, so this extension does not need to be defined as a modifier. This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.medication[x] additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.medication[x] do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] with unmapped reference targets: Medication. Source element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] has unmapped reference types. While the target element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] is a choice type and does not allow extensions, the alternate-reference extension can be applied to Reference values within it. If only a code is specified, then it needs to be a code for a specific product. If more information is required, then the use of the medication resource is recommended.  For example if you require form or lot number, then you must reference the Medication resource. .

STU3: MedicationAdministration.subject additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.subject is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.subject as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.subject do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.subject with unmapped reference targets: Group, Patient.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.context additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.context is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.context as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.context do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.context with unmapped reference targets: Encounter, EpisodeOfCare.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation with unmapped reference targets: Resource.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.performer.onBehalfOf (new:Reference(Organization))

Element MedicationAdministration.performer.onBehalfOf has a context of MedicationAdministration.performer based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.performer.onBehalfOf has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

STU3: MedicationAdministration.performer.actor

Element MedicationAdministration.performer.actor is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.performer.actor as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.performer.actor with unmapped reference targets: Device, Patient, Practitioner, RelatedPerson.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.reasonReference additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.reasonReference is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.reasonReference as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.reasonReference do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.reasonReference with unmapped reference targets: Condition, Observation. This is a reference to a condition that is the reason for the medication request. If only a code exists, use reasonCode.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.prescription additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.prescription is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.request as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.prescription do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.prescription with unmapped reference targets: MedicationRequest.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.device additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.device is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.device as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.device do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.device with unmapped reference targets: Device.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.note additional types (Annotation) additional types from child elements (author[x], text, time)

Element MedicationAdministration.note is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.note as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.note do not cover the following types: Annotation. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.note do not cover the following types based on type expansion: author[x], text, time.

STU3: MedicationAdministration.eventHistory additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.eventHistory is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.eventHistory as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.eventHistory do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.eventHistory with unmapped reference targets: Provenance. This may not include provenances for all versions of the request – only those deemed “relevant” or important. This SHALL NOT include the Provenance associated with this current version of the resource. (If that provenance is deemed to be a “relevant” change, it will need to be added as part of a later update. Until then, it can be queried directly as the Provenance that points to this version using _revinclude All Provenances should have some historical version of this Request as their subject.

Describes the event of a patient consuming or otherwise being administered a medication. This may be as simple as swallowing a tablet or it may be a long running infusion. Related resources tie this event to the authorizing prescription, and the specific encounter between patient and health care practitioner.

The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.meta additional types (Meta) additional types from child elements (lastUpdated, profile, security, tag, versionId)

Element MedicationAdministration.meta is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.meta as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.meta do not cover the following types: Meta. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.meta do not cover the following types based on type expansion: lastUpdated, profile, security, tag, versionId.

The version specific identifier, as it appears in the version portion of the URL. This value changes when the resource is created, updated, or deleted.

The server assigns this value, and ignores what the client specifies, except in the case that the server is imposing version integrity on updates/deletes.

When the resource last changed - e.g. when the version changed.

This value is always populated except when the resource is first being created. The server / resource manager sets this value; what a client provides is irrelevant. This is equivalent to the HTTP Last-Modified and SHOULD have the same value on a read interaction.

A uri that identifies the source system of the resource. This provides a minimal amount of Provenance information that can be used to track or differentiate the source of information in the resource. The source may identify another FHIR server, document, message, database, etc.

In the provenance resource, this corresponds to Provenance.entity.what[x]. The exact use of the source (and the implied Provenance.entity.role) is left to implementer discretion. Only one nominated source is allowed; for additional provenance details, a full Provenance resource should be used.

This element can be used to indicate where the current master source of a resource that has a canonical URL if the resource is no longer hosted at the canonical URL.

A list of profiles (references to StructureDefinition resources) that this resource claims to conform to. The URL is a reference to StructureDefinition.url.

It is up to the server and/or other infrastructure of policy to determine whether/how these claims are verified and/or updated over time. The list of profile URLs is a set.

Security labels applied to this resource. These tags connect specific resources to the overall security policy and infrastructure.

The security labels can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of security labels is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored.

Tags applied to this resource. Tags are intended to be used to identify and relate resources to process and workflow, and applications are not required to consider the tags when interpreting the meaning of a resource.

The tags can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of tags is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored.

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

The base language in which the resource is written.

Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

IETF language tag

A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.text additional types (Narrative) additional types from child elements (div, status)

Element MedicationAdministration.text is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.text as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.text do not cover the following types: Narrative. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.text do not cover the following types based on type expansion: div, status. Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded in formation is added later.

The status of the narrative - whether it's entirely generated (from just the defined data or the extensions too), or whether a human authored it and it may contain additional data.

The actual narrative content, a stripped down version of XHTML.

The contents of the html element are an XHTML fragment containing only the basic html formatting elements described in chapters 7-11 and 15 of the HTML 4.0 standard, <a> elements (either name or href), images and internally contained stylesheets. The XHTML content SHALL NOT contain a head, a body, external stylesheet references, scripts, forms, base/link/xlink, frames, iframes and objects.

These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.definition (new:Reference(PlanDefinition,ActivityDefinition))

Element MedicationAdministration.definition has a context of MedicationAdministration based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.definition has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.notGiven (new:boolean)

Element MedicationAdministration.notGiven has a context of MedicationAdministration based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.notGiven has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element). This element is labeled as a modifier because it indicates that a administration didn't happen.

Identifiers associated with this Medication Administration that are defined by business processes and/or used to refer to it when a direct URL reference to the resource itself is not appropriate. They are business identifiers assigned to this resource by the performer or other systems and remain constant as the resource is updated and propagates from server to server.

This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.identifier additional types (Identifier) additional types from child elements (assigner, period, system, type, use, value)

Element MedicationAdministration.identifier is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.identifier as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.identifier do not cover the following types: Identifier. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.identifier do not cover the following types based on type expansion: assigner, period, system, type, use, value.

The purpose of this identifier.

Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.

Organization that issued/manages the identifier.

The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

A protocol, guideline, orderset, or other definition that was adhered to in whole or in part by this event.

A larger event of which this particular event is a component or step.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.partOf additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.partOf is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.partOf as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.partOf do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.partOf with unmapped reference targets: MedicationAdministration, Procedure.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent.

The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).

This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.

An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

Will generally be set to show that the administration has been completed. For some long running administrations such as infusions, it is possible for an administration to be started but not completed or it may be paused while some other process is under way.

This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.

A set of codes indicating the current status of a MedicationAdministration.

unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.status additional codes

Element MedicationAdministration.status is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.status as RelatedTo. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.status do not allow expression of the necessary codes, per the bindings on the source and target. The target context MedicationAdministration.status is a modifier element, so this extension does not need to be defined as a modifier. This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.

Primitive value for code

A code indicating why the administration was not performed.

A set of codes indicating the reason why the MedicationAdministration is negated.

Indicates where the medication is expected to be consumed or administered.

A coded concept describing where the medication administered is expected to occur.

Identifies the medication that was administered. This is either a link to a resource representing the details of the medication or a simple attribute carrying a code that identifies the medication from a known list of medications.

If only a code is specified, then it needs to be a code for a specific product. If more information is required, then the use of the medication resource is recommended. For example, if you require form or lot number, then you must reference the Medication resource.

Codes identifying substance or product that can be administered.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.medication[x] additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.medication[x] do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] with unmapped reference targets: Medication. Source element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] has unmapped reference types. While the target element MedicationAdministration.medication[x] is a choice type and does not allow extensions, the alternate-reference extension can be applied to Reference values within it. If only a code is specified, then it needs to be a code for a specific product. If more information is required, then the use of the medication resource is recommended.  For example if you require form or lot number, then you must reference the Medication resource. .

The person or animal or group receiving the medication.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.subject additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.subject is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.subject as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.subject do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.subject with unmapped reference targets: Group, Patient.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent.

The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).

This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.

An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

The visit, admission, or other contact between patient and health care provider during which the medication administration was performed.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.context additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.context is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.context as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.context do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.context with unmapped reference targets: Encounter, EpisodeOfCare.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent.

The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).

This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.

An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

Additional information (for example, patient height and weight) that supports the administration of the medication.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.supportingInformation with unmapped reference targets: Resource.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent.

The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).

This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.

An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

A specific date/time or interval of time during which the administration took place (or did not take place, when the 'notGiven' attribute is true). For many administrations, such as swallowing a tablet the use of dateTime is more appropriate.

Indicates who or what performed the medication administration and how they were involved.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.performer.onBehalfOf (new:Reference(Organization))

Element MedicationAdministration.performer.onBehalfOf has a context of MedicationAdministration.performer based on following the parent source element upwards and mapping to MedicationAdministration. Element MedicationAdministration.performer.onBehalfOf has no mapping targets in FHIR R4B. Typically, this is because the element has been added (is a new element).

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

Distinguishes the type of involvement of the performer in the medication administration.

A code describing the role an individual played in administering the medication.

Indicates who or what performed the medication administration.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.performer.actor

Element MedicationAdministration.performer.actor is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.performer.actor as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.performer.actor with unmapped reference targets: Device, Patient, Practitioner, RelatedPerson.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent.

The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).

This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.

An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

A code indicating why the medication was given.

A set of codes indicating the reason why the MedicationAdministration was made.

Condition or observation that supports why the medication was administered.

This is a reference to a condition that is the reason for the medication request. If only a code exists, use reasonCode.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.reasonReference additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.reasonReference is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.reasonReference as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.reasonReference do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.reasonReference with unmapped reference targets: Condition, Observation. This is a reference to a condition that is the reason for the medication request. If only a code exists, use reasonCode.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent.

The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).

This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.

An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

The original request, instruction or authority to perform the administration.

This is a reference to the MedicationRequest where the intent is either order or instance-order. It should not reference MedicationRequests where the intent is any other value.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

An Extension

STU3: MedicationAdministration.prescription additional types from child elements (display, identifier, reference)

Element MedicationAdministration.prescription is mapped to FHIR R4B element MedicationAdministration.request as SourceIsBroaderThanTarget. The mappings for MedicationAdministration.prescription do not cover the following types based on type expansion: display, identifier, reference. The standard extension alternate-reference has been mapped as the representation of FHIR STU3 element MedicationAdministration.prescription with unmapped reference targets: MedicationRequest.

A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.

Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.

The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent.

The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).

This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.

An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.

When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy.

When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference

Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it.

Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).

Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.

This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.

The device used in administering the medication to the patient. For example, a particular infusion pump.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.