Da Vinci - Documentation Templates and Rules
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This page is part of the Documentation Templates and Rules (v2.1.0: STU 2.1) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) R4. This is the current published version. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: DTRQuestionnaireResponse - Detailed Descriptions

Page standards status: Trial-use Maturity Level: 2

Definitions for the dtr-questionnaireresponse resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. QuestionnaireResponse
Definition

Sets expectations for supported capabilities for questionnaire responses for SDC-conformant systems.


A structured set of questions and their answers. The questions are ordered and grouped into coherent subsets, corresponding to the structure of the grouping of the questionnaire being responded to.

ShortSDC Questionnaire ResponseA structured set of questions and their answers
Comments

The QuestionnaireResponse contains enough information about the questions asked and their organization that it can be interpreted somewhat independently from the Questionnaire it is based on. I.e. You don't need access to the Questionnaire in order to extract basic information from a QuestionnaireResponse.

Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Must Supportfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate NamesForm, QuestionnaireAnswers, Form Data
Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
sdcqr-1: Subject SHOULD be present (searching is difficult without subject). Almost all QuestionnaireResponses should be with respect to some sort of subject. (subject.exists())
sdcqr-2: When repeats=true for a group, it'll be represented with multiple items with the same linkId in the QuestionnaireResponse. For a question, it'll be represented by a single item with that linkId with multiple answers. ((QuestionnaireResponse|repeat(answer|item)).select(item.where(answer.value.exists()).linkId.isDistinct()).allTrue())
2. QuestionnaireResponse.implicitRules
Definition

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
Comments

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

Control0..1
Typeuri
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
4. QuestionnaireResponse.extension
Definition

An Extension


May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control30..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on QuestionnaireResponse.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 6. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:signature
    Slice Namesignature
    Definition

    Represents a wet or electronic signature for either the form overall or for the question or item it's associated with.

    ShortA signature attesting to the content
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(QuestionnaireResponse Signature) (Extension Type: Signature)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    8. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:completionMode
    Slice NamecompletionMode
    Definition

    Indicates how the individual completing the QuestionnaireResponse provided their responses.

    ShortE.g. Verbal, written, electronic
    Control0..1
    TypeExtension(QuestionnaireResponse Completion Mode) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    10. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:context
    Slice Namecontext
    Definition

    Identifies the orders, coverages, and or other resources associated with the specified QuestionnaireResponse. Allows finding the DTR responses associated with a particular Order/Encounter/Appointment for a particular insurance coverage.

    ShortIdentifies the orders, coverages, and or other resources associated with the specified QuestionnaireResponse. The QuestionnaireResponse SHALL have at least one context that refers to a patient Coverage AND at least one context that refers to a Request resource or Encounter
    Control2..*
    TypeExtension(Questionnaire Response Context) (Extension Type: Reference(CRD Coverage, CRD Device Request, CRD Medication Request, CRD Nutrition Order, CRD Service Request, CRD Encounter, CRD Base Appointment))
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    12. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:coverage-information
    Slice Namecoverage-information
    Definition

    Indicates coverage information.

    ShortCoverage Info
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(Coverage Information) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    14. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:intendedUse
    Slice NameintendedUse
    Definition

    Indicates how the EHR is to use the information with respect to the associated orders/records. If the Adaptive QuestionnaireResponse includes a prior authorization number the intendedUse element should be set to 'retain-doc' and/or 'withorder'.

    ShortIndicates how the EHR is to use the information with respect to the associated orders/records.
    Control1..*
    TypeExtension(Intended Use) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    16. QuestionnaireResponse.modifierExtension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
    Summaryfalse
    Requirements

    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    18. QuestionnaireResponse.identifier
    Definition

    A business identifier assigned to a particular completed (or partially completed) questionnaire.

    ShortUnique id for this set of answers
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..1
    TypeIdentifier
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Used for tracking, registration and other business purposes.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    20. QuestionnaireResponse.basedOn
    Definition

    The order, proposal or plan that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this QuestionnaireResponse. For example, a ServiceRequest seeking an intake assessment or a decision support recommendation to assess for post-partum depression.

    ShortRequest fulfilled by this QuestionnaireResponse
    Control0..0*
    TypeReference(CarePlan, ServiceRequest)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Supports traceability of responsibility for the action and allows linkage of an action to the recommendations acted upon.

    Alternate Namesorder
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    22. QuestionnaireResponse.partOf
    Definition

    A procedure or observation that this questionnaire was performed as part of the execution of. For example, the surgery a checklist was executed as part of.

    ShortPart of this action
    Comments

    Composition of questionnaire responses will be handled by the parent questionnaire having answers that reference the child questionnaire. For relationships to referrals, and other types of requests, use basedOn.

    Control0..0*
    TypeReference(Observation, Procedure)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    24. QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire
    Definition

    The Questionnaire that defines and organizes the questions for which answers are being provided.

    ShortForm being answered
    Comments

    For SDC, this SHALL be the version-specific URL of the form as hosted on the Form Manager.


    If a QuestionnaireResponse references a Questionnaire, then the QuestionnaireResponse structure must be consistent with the Questionnaire (i.e. questions must be organized into the same groups, nested questions must still be nested, etc.).

    Control10..1
    Typecanonical(SDCBaseQuestionnaire, Questionnaire)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supporttrue
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Needed to allow editing of the questionnaire response in a manner that enforces the constraints of the original form.

    Alternate NamesForm
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    26. QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire.extension:questionnaireDisplay
    Slice NamequestionnaireDisplay
    Definition

    The title or other name to display when referencing a resource by canonical URL.

    ShortDisplay name for canonical reference
    Comments

    This SHALL be the title of the Questionnaire at the time the QuestionnaireResponse was originally authored.

    Control0..1
    TypeExtension(Display Name) (Extension Type: string)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    28. QuestionnaireResponse.status
    Definition

    The position of the questionnaire response within its overall lifecycle.

    Shortin-progress | completed | amended | entered-in-error | stopped
    Comments

    This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.

    Control1..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuestionnaireResponseStatushttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers-status|4.0.1
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers-status|4.0.1)

    Lifecycle status of the questionnaire response.

    Typecode
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource should not be treated as valid
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supporttrue
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    The information on Questionnaire resources may possibly be gathered during multiple sessions and altered after considered being finished.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    30. QuestionnaireResponse.subject
    Definition

    The subject of the questionnaire response. This could be a patient, organization, practitioner, device, etc. This is who/what the answers apply to, but is not necessarily the source of information.

    ShortThe subject of the questions
    Comments

    If the Questionnaire declared a subjectType, the resource pointed to by this element must be an instance of one of the listed types. If subject is omitted - because the QuestionnaireResponse is not associated with a specific subject, ensure that QuestionnaireRsponse.identifier is present or the QuestionnaireResponse is referenced somewhere (e.g. Task.output, Composition.section.entry, etc.) to allow tracking and retrieval of the QuestionnaireResponse


    If the Questionnaire declared a subjectType, the resource pointed to by this element must be an instance of one of the listed types.

    Control10..1
    TypeReference(CRD Patient, Resource)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Allows linking the answers to the individual the answers describe. May also affect access control.

    Alternate NamesPatient, Focus
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    32. QuestionnaireResponse.authored
    Definition

    Identifies when this version of the answer set was created. Changes whenever the answers are updated.


    The date and/or time that this set of answers were last changed.

    ShortDate the answers were gathered
    Comments

    May be different from the lastUpdateTime of the resource itself, because that reflects when the data was known to the server, not when the data was captured.

    This element is optional to allow for systems that might not know the value, however it SHOULD be populated if possible.

    Control10..1
    TypedateTime
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supporttrue
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Clinicians need to be able to check the date that the information in the questionnaire was collected, to derive the context of the answers.

    Alternate NamesDate Created, Date published, Date Issued, Date updated
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    34. QuestionnaireResponse.author
    Definition

    Person who received the answers to the questions in the QuestionnaireResponse and recorded them in the system.

    ShortPerson who received and recorded the answers
    Comments

    Mapping a subject's answers to multiple choice options and determining what to put in the textual answer is a matter of interpretation. Authoring by device would indicate that some portion of the questionnaire had been auto-populated.

    Control0..1
    TypeReference(Device, CRD Patient, US Core Practitioner Profile, HRex PractitionerRole Profile, CRD Organization, RelatedPerson, Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Patient, Organization)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Need to know who interpreted the subject's answers to the questions in the questionnaire, and selected the appropriate options for answers.

    Alternate NamesLaboratory, Service, Practitioner, Department, Company, Performer
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    36. QuestionnaireResponse.item
    Definition

    A group or question item from the original questionnaire for which answers are provided.

    ShortGroups and questions
    Comments

    Groups cannot have answers and therefore must nest directly within item. When dealing with questions, nesting must occur within each answer because some questions may have multiple answers (and the nesting occurs for each answer).

    Control10..*
    TypeBackboneElement
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    qrs-1: Nested item can't be beneath both item and answer ((answer.exists() and item.exists()).not())
    qrs-1: Nested item can't be beneath both item and answer ((answer.exists() and item.exists()).not())
    38. QuestionnaireResponse.item.extension:itemMedia
    Slice NameitemMedia
    Definition

    Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to the question being asked

    ShortMedia to display
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(Item Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    40. QuestionnaireResponse.item.extension:ItemSignature
    Slice NameItemSignature
    Definition

    Represents a wet or electronic signature for either the form overall or for the question or item it's associated with.

    ShortA signature attesting to the content
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(QuestionnaireResponse Signature) (Extension Type: Signature)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    42. QuestionnaireResponse.item.modifierExtension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

    Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    44. QuestionnaireResponse.item.linkId
    Definition

    The item from the Questionnaire that corresponds to this item in the QuestionnaireResponse resource.

    ShortPointer to specific item from Questionnaire
    Control1..1
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Requirements

    Items can repeat in the answers, so a direct 1..1 correspondence by position might not exist - requiring correspondence by identifier.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    46. QuestionnaireResponse.item.text
    Definition

    Text that is displayed above the contents of the group or as the text of the question being answered.

    ShortName for group or question text
    Control0..1
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Requirements

    Allows the questionnaire response to be read without access to the questionnaire.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    48. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer
    Definition

    The respondent's answer(s) to the question.

    ShortThe response(s) to the question
    Comments

    The value is nested because we cannot have a repeating structure that has variable type.

    Control0..*
    TypeBackboneElement
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    50. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension
    Definition

    An Extension


    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

    ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control10..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 52. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:itemAnswerMedia
      Slice NameitemAnswerMedia
      Definition

      Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to a specific answer option

      ShortAnswer Media to display
      Control0..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeExtension(Item Answer Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      54. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:ordinalValue
      Slice NameordinalValue
      Definition

      A numeric value that allows the comparison (less than, greater than) or other numerical manipulation of a concept (e.g. Adding up components of a score). Scores are usually a whole number, but occasionally decimals are encountered in scores.

      ShortAssigned Ordinal Value
      Comments

      Scores are commonly encountered in various clinical assessment scales. Assigning a value to a concept should generally be done in a formal code system that defines the value, or in an applicable value set for the concept, but some concepts do not have a formal definition (or are not even represented as a concept formally, especially in Questionnaires, so this extension is allowed to appear ouside those preferred contexts. Scores may even be assigned arbitrarily during use (hence, on Coding). The value may be constrained to an integer in some contexts of use. Todo: Scoring algorithms may also be defined directly, but how this is done is not yet defined.

      Control0..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeExtension(Ordinal Value) (Extension Type: decimal)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      56. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:origin
      Slice Nameorigin
      Definition

      Identifies the origin of the information in the answer and how it came to exist.

      ShortExtension
      Control1..1
      TypeExtension(Information Origin) (Complex Extension)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      58. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:containedReference
      Slice NamecontainedReference
      Definition

      Indicates that when filling a QuestionnaireResponse and selecting a reference, that the referenced resource should be included as a 'contained' resource within the QuestionnaireResponse

      ShortContain the reference?
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Contained Reference) (Extension Type: boolean)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      60. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.modifierExtension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      62. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.value[x]
      Definition

      The answer (or one of the answers) provided by the respondent to the question.

      ShortSingle-valued answer to the question
      Comments

      More complex structures (Attachment, Resource and Quantity) will typically be limited to electronic forms that can expose an appropriate user interface to capture the components and enforce the constraints of a complex data type. Additional complex types can be introduced through extensions. Must match the datatype specified by Questionnaire.item.type in the corresponding Questionnaire.

      Control0..1
      BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers
      (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

      Code indicating the response provided for a question.

      TypeChoice of: boolean, date, dateTime, time, decimal, integer, string, Coding, uri, Quantity, Attachment, Reference(Resource)
      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      Ability to retain a single-valued answer to a question.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      64. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.item
      Definition

      Nested groups and/or questions found within this particular answer.

      ShortNested groups and questions
      Control0..*
      TypeSeettp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/QuestionnaireResponse#QuestionnaireResponse.item
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      It is useful to have "sub-questions", questions which normally appear when certain answers are given and which collect additional details.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      66. QuestionnaireResponse.item.item
      Definition

      Questions or sub-groups nested beneath a question or group.

      ShortNested questionnaire response items
      Control0..*
      TypeSeettp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/QuestionnaireResponse#QuestionnaireResponse.item
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

      Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

      0. QuestionnaireResponse
      2. QuestionnaireResponse.extension
      Control3..?
      4. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:signature
      Slice Namesignature
      Must Supporttrue
      6. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:context
      Slice Namecontext
      ShortIdentifies the orders, coverages, and or other resources associated with the specified QuestionnaireResponse. The QuestionnaireResponse SHALL have at least one context that refers to a patient Coverage AND at least one context that refers to a Request resource or Encounter
      Control2..*
      TypeExtension(Questionnaire Response Context) (Extension Type: Reference(CRD Coverage, CRD Device Request, CRD Medication Request, CRD Nutrition Order, CRD Service Request, CRD Encounter, CRD Base Appointment))
      8. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:coverage-information
      Slice Namecoverage-information
      ShortCoverage Info
      Control0..*
      TypeExtension(Coverage Information) (Complex Extension)
      Must Supporttrue
      10. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:intendedUse
      Slice NameintendedUse
      ShortIndicates how the EHR is to use the information with respect to the associated orders/records.
      Control1..*
      TypeExtension(Intended Use) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
      12. QuestionnaireResponse.basedOn
      Control0..0
      14. QuestionnaireResponse.partOf
      Control0..0
      16. QuestionnaireResponse.subject
      Control1..?
      TypeReference(CRD Patient)
      18. QuestionnaireResponse.author
      TypeReference(Device, CRD Patient, US Core Practitioner Profile, HRex PractitionerRole Profile, CRD Organization, RelatedPerson)
      20. QuestionnaireResponse.item
      Control1..?
      22. QuestionnaireResponse.item.extension:ItemSignature
      Slice NameItemSignature
      Must Supporttrue
      24. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer
      26. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension
      Control1..?
      28. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:itemAnswerMedia
      Slice NameitemAnswerMedia
      Must Supporttrue
      30. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:ordinalValue
      Slice NameordinalValue
      Must Supporttrue
      32. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:origin
      Slice Nameorigin
      Control1..1
      TypeExtension(Information Origin) (Complex Extension)
      Must Supporttrue
      34. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:containedReference
      Slice NamecontainedReference
      ShortContain the reference?
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Contained Reference) (Extension Type: boolean)
      Must Supporttrue

      Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

      0. QuestionnaireResponse
      Definition

      Sets expectations for supported capabilities for questionnaire responses for SDC-conformant systems.

      ShortSDC Questionnaire Response
      Comments

      The QuestionnaireResponse contains enough information about the questions asked and their organization that it can be interpreted somewhat independently from the Questionnaire it is based on. I.e. You don't need access to the Questionnaire in order to extract basic information from a QuestionnaireResponse.

      Control0..*
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supportfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate NamesForm, QuestionnaireAnswers, Form Data
      Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
      dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
      dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
      dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
      dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
      sdcqr-1: Subject SHOULD be present (searching is difficult without subject). Almost all QuestionnaireResponses should be with respect to some sort of subject. (subject.exists())
      sdcqr-2: When repeats=true for a group, it'll be represented with multiple items with the same linkId in the QuestionnaireResponse. For a question, it'll be represented by a single item with that linkId with multiple answers. ((QuestionnaireResponse|repeat(answer|item)).select(item.where(answer.value.exists()).linkId.isDistinct()).allTrue())
      2. QuestionnaireResponse.id
      Definition

      The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

      ShortLogical id of this artifact
      Comments

      The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

      Control0..1
      Typeid
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      4. QuestionnaireResponse.meta
      Definition

      The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

      ShortMetadata about the resource
      Control0..1
      TypeMeta
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      6. QuestionnaireResponse.implicitRules
      Definition

      A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

      ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
      Comments

      Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

      Control0..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      8. QuestionnaireResponse.language
      Definition

      The base language in which the resource is written.

      ShortLanguage of the resource content
      Comments

      Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
      (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

      A human language.

      Additional BindingsPurpose
      AllLanguagesMax Binding
      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      10. QuestionnaireResponse.text
      Definition

      A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

      ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
      Comments

      Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

      Control0..1
      TypeNarrative
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      12. QuestionnaireResponse.contained
      Definition

      These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

      ShortContained, inline Resources
      Comments

      This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

      Control0..*
      TypeResource
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
      14. QuestionnaireResponse.extension
      Definition

      An Extension

      ShortExtension
      Control3..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on QuestionnaireResponse.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 16. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:signature
        Slice Namesignature
        Definition

        Represents a wet or electronic signature for either the form overall or for the question or item it's associated with.

        ShortA signature attesting to the content
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension(QuestionnaireResponse Signature) (Extension Type: Signature)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        18. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:completionMode
        Slice NamecompletionMode
        Definition

        Indicates how the individual completing the QuestionnaireResponse provided their responses.

        ShortE.g. Verbal, written, electronic
        Control0..1
        TypeExtension(QuestionnaireResponse Completion Mode) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        20. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:context
        Slice Namecontext
        Definition

        Identifies the orders, coverages, and or other resources associated with the specified QuestionnaireResponse. Allows finding the DTR responses associated with a particular Order/Encounter/Appointment for a particular insurance coverage.

        ShortIdentifies the orders, coverages, and or other resources associated with the specified QuestionnaireResponse. The QuestionnaireResponse SHALL have at least one context that refers to a patient Coverage AND at least one context that refers to a Request resource or Encounter
        Control2..*
        TypeExtension(Questionnaire Response Context) (Extension Type: Reference(CRD Coverage, CRD Device Request, CRD Medication Request, CRD Nutrition Order, CRD Service Request, CRD Encounter, CRD Base Appointment))
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        22. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:coverage-information
        Slice Namecoverage-information
        Definition

        Indicates coverage information.

        ShortCoverage Info
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension(Coverage Information) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        24. QuestionnaireResponse.extension:intendedUse
        Slice NameintendedUse
        Definition

        Indicates how the EHR is to use the information with respect to the associated orders/records. If the Adaptive QuestionnaireResponse includes a prior authorization number the intendedUse element should be set to 'retain-doc' and/or 'withorder'.

        ShortIndicates how the EHR is to use the information with respect to the associated orders/records.
        Control1..*
        TypeExtension(Intended Use) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        26. QuestionnaireResponse.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        28. QuestionnaireResponse.identifier
        Definition

        A business identifier assigned to a particular completed (or partially completed) questionnaire.

        ShortUnique id for this set of answers
        NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
        Control0..1
        TypeIdentifier
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Used for tracking, registration and other business purposes.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        30. QuestionnaireResponse.basedOn
        Definition

        The order, proposal or plan that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this QuestionnaireResponse. For example, a ServiceRequest seeking an intake assessment or a decision support recommendation to assess for post-partum depression.

        ShortRequest fulfilled by this QuestionnaireResponse
        Control0..0
        TypeReference(CarePlan, ServiceRequest)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Supports traceability of responsibility for the action and allows linkage of an action to the recommendations acted upon.

        Alternate Namesorder
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        32. QuestionnaireResponse.partOf
        Definition

        A procedure or observation that this questionnaire was performed as part of the execution of. For example, the surgery a checklist was executed as part of.

        ShortPart of this action
        Comments

        Composition of questionnaire responses will be handled by the parent questionnaire having answers that reference the child questionnaire. For relationships to referrals, and other types of requests, use basedOn.

        Control0..0
        TypeReference(Observation, Procedure)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Summarytrue
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        34. QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire
        Definition

        The Questionnaire that defines and organizes the questions for which answers are being provided.

        ShortForm being answered
        Comments

        For SDC, this SHALL be the version-specific URL of the form as hosted on the Form Manager.

        Control1..1
        Typecanonical(SDCBaseQuestionnaire)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Needed to allow editing of the questionnaire response in a manner that enforces the constraints of the original form.

        Alternate NamesForm
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        36. QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire.id
        Definition

        unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

        Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
        Summaryfalse
        38. QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire.extension
        Definition

        An Extension

        ShortExtension
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 40. QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire.extension:questionnaireDisplay
          Slice NamequestionnaireDisplay
          Definition

          The title or other name to display when referencing a resource by canonical URL.

          ShortDisplay name for canonical reference
          Comments

          This SHALL be the title of the Questionnaire at the time the QuestionnaireResponse was originally authored.

          Control0..1
          TypeExtension(Display Name) (Extension Type: string)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          42. QuestionnaireResponse.questionnaire.value
          Definition

          Primitive value for canonical

          ShortPrimitive value for canonical
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          44. QuestionnaireResponse.status
          Definition

          The position of the questionnaire response within its overall lifecycle.

          Shortin-progress | completed | amended | entered-in-error | stopped
          Comments

          This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.

          Control1..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuestionnaireResponseStatus
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers-status|4.0.1)

          Lifecycle status of the questionnaire response.

          Typecode
          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource should not be treated as valid
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          The information on Questionnaire resources may possibly be gathered during multiple sessions and altered after considered being finished.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          46. QuestionnaireResponse.subject
          Definition

          The subject of the questionnaire response. This could be a patient, organization, practitioner, device, etc. This is who/what the answers apply to, but is not necessarily the source of information.

          ShortThe subject of the questions
          Comments

          If the Questionnaire declared a subjectType, the resource pointed to by this element must be an instance of one of the listed types. If subject is omitted - because the QuestionnaireResponse is not associated with a specific subject, ensure that QuestionnaireRsponse.identifier is present or the QuestionnaireResponse is referenced somewhere (e.g. Task.output, Composition.section.entry, etc.) to allow tracking and retrieval of the QuestionnaireResponse

          Control1..1
          TypeReference(CRD Patient)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows linking the answers to the individual the answers describe. May also affect access control.

          Alternate NamesPatient, Focus
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          48. QuestionnaireResponse.encounter
          Definition

          The Encounter during which this questionnaire response was created or to which the creation of this record is tightly associated.

          ShortEncounter created as part of
          Comments

          This will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some activities may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter. A questionnaire that was initiated during an encounter but not fully completed during the encounter would still generally be associated with the encounter.

          Control0..1
          TypeReference(Encounter)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Provides context for the information that was captured. May also affect access control.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          50. QuestionnaireResponse.authored
          Definition

          Identifies when this version of the answer set was created. Changes whenever the answers are updated.

          ShortDate the answers were gathered
          Comments

          May be different from the lastUpdateTime of the resource itself, because that reflects when the data was known to the server, not when the data was captured.

          This element is optional to allow for systems that might not know the value, however it SHOULD be populated if possible.

          Control1..1
          TypedateTime
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Clinicians need to be able to check the date that the information in the questionnaire was collected, to derive the context of the answers.

          Alternate NamesDate Created, Date published, Date Issued, Date updated
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          52. QuestionnaireResponse.author
          Definition

          Person who received the answers to the questions in the QuestionnaireResponse and recorded them in the system.

          ShortPerson who received and recorded the answers
          Comments

          Mapping a subject's answers to multiple choice options and determining what to put in the textual answer is a matter of interpretation. Authoring by device would indicate that some portion of the questionnaire had been auto-populated.

          Control0..1
          TypeReference(Device, CRD Patient, US Core Practitioner Profile, HRex PractitionerRole Profile, CRD Organization, RelatedPerson)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Need to know who interpreted the subject's answers to the questions in the questionnaire, and selected the appropriate options for answers.

          Alternate NamesLaboratory, Service, Practitioner, Department, Company, Performer
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          54. QuestionnaireResponse.source
          Definition

          The person who answered the questions about the subject.

          ShortThe person who answered the questions
          Comments

          If not specified, no inference can be made about who provided the data.

          Control0..1
          TypeReference(Patient, Practitioner, PractitionerRole, RelatedPerson)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          When answering questions about a subject that is minor, incapable of answering or an animal, another human source may answer the questions.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          56. QuestionnaireResponse.item
          Definition

          A group or question item from the original questionnaire for which answers are provided.

          ShortGroups and questions
          Comments

          Groups cannot have answers and therefore must nest directly within item. When dealing with questions, nesting must occur within each answer because some questions may have multiple answers (and the nesting occurs for each answer).

          Control1..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summaryfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          qrs-1: Nested item can't be beneath both item and answer ((answer.exists() and item.exists()).not())
          58. QuestionnaireResponse.item.id
          Definition

          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          60. QuestionnaireResponse.item.extension
          Definition

          An Extension

          ShortExtension
          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on QuestionnaireResponse.item.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ url
          • 62. QuestionnaireResponse.item.extension:itemMedia
            Slice NameitemMedia
            Definition

            Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to the question being asked

            ShortMedia to display
            Control0..1
            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
            TypeExtension(Item Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Must Supportfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            64. QuestionnaireResponse.item.extension:ItemSignature
            Slice NameItemSignature
            Definition

            Represents a wet or electronic signature for either the form overall or for the question or item it's associated with.

            ShortA signature attesting to the content
            Control0..*
            TypeExtension(QuestionnaireResponse Signature) (Extension Type: Signature)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Must Supporttrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            66. QuestionnaireResponse.item.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            68. QuestionnaireResponse.item.linkId
            Definition

            The item from the Questionnaire that corresponds to this item in the QuestionnaireResponse resource.

            ShortPointer to specific item from Questionnaire
            Control1..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Items can repeat in the answers, so a direct 1..1 correspondence by position might not exist - requiring correspondence by identifier.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            70. QuestionnaireResponse.item.definition
            Definition

            A reference to an ElementDefinition that provides the details for the item.

            ShortElementDefinition - details for the item
            Comments

            The ElementDefinition must be in a StructureDefinition, and must have a fragment identifier that identifies the specific data element by its id (Element.id). E.g. http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation#Observation.value[x].

            There is no need for this element if the item pointed to by the linkId has a definition listed.

            Control0..1
            Typeuri
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            A common pattern is to define a set of data elements, and then build multiple different questionnaires for different circumstances to gather the data. This element provides traceability to the common definition.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            72. QuestionnaireResponse.item.text
            Definition

            Text that is displayed above the contents of the group or as the text of the question being answered.

            ShortName for group or question text
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Allows the questionnaire response to be read without access to the questionnaire.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            74. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer
            Definition

            The respondent's answer(s) to the question.

            ShortThe response(s) to the question
            Comments

            The value is nested because we cannot have a repeating structure that has variable type.

            Control0..*
            TypeBackboneElement
            Is Modifierfalse
            Must Supporttrue
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            76. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.id
            Definition

            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
            Summaryfalse
            78. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension
            Definition

            An Extension

            ShortExtension
            Control1..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ url
            • 80. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:itemAnswerMedia
              Slice NameitemAnswerMedia
              Definition

              Media to render/make available as an accompaniment to a specific answer option

              ShortAnswer Media to display
              Control0..1
              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
              TypeExtension(Item Answer Media) (Extension Type: Attachment)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              82. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:ordinalValue
              Slice NameordinalValue
              Definition

              A numeric value that allows the comparison (less than, greater than) or other numerical manipulation of a concept (e.g. Adding up components of a score). Scores are usually a whole number, but occasionally decimals are encountered in scores.

              ShortAssigned Ordinal Value
              Comments

              Scores are commonly encountered in various clinical assessment scales. Assigning a value to a concept should generally be done in a formal code system that defines the value, or in an applicable value set for the concept, but some concepts do not have a formal definition (or are not even represented as a concept formally, especially in Questionnaires, so this extension is allowed to appear ouside those preferred contexts. Scores may even be assigned arbitrarily during use (hence, on Coding). The value may be constrained to an integer in some contexts of use. Todo: Scoring algorithms may also be defined directly, but how this is done is not yet defined.

              Control0..1
              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
              TypeExtension(Ordinal Value) (Extension Type: decimal)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              84. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:origin
              Slice Nameorigin
              Definition

              Identifies the origin of the information in the answer and how it came to exist.

              ShortExtension
              Control1..1
              TypeExtension(Information Origin) (Complex Extension)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              86. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.extension:containedReference
              Slice NamecontainedReference
              Definition

              Indicates that when filling a QuestionnaireResponse and selecting a reference, that the referenced resource should be included as a 'contained' resource within the QuestionnaireResponse

              ShortContain the reference?
              Control0..1
              TypeExtension(Contained Reference) (Extension Type: boolean)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              88. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              90. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.value[x]
              Definition

              The answer (or one of the answers) provided by the respondent to the question.

              ShortSingle-valued answer to the question
              Comments

              More complex structures (Attachment, Resource and Quantity) will typically be limited to electronic forms that can expose an appropriate user interface to capture the components and enforce the constraints of a complex data type. Additional complex types can be introduced through extensions. Must match the datatype specified by Questionnaire.item.type in the corresponding Questionnaire.

              Control0..1
              BindingFor example codes, see QuestionnaireAnswerCodes
              (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/questionnaire-answers)

              Code indicating the response provided for a question.

              TypeChoice of: boolean, date, dateTime, time, decimal, integer, string, Coding, uri, Quantity, Attachment, Reference
              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Must Supporttrue
              Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Ability to retain a single-valued answer to a question.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              92. QuestionnaireResponse.item.answer.item
              Definition

              Nested groups and/or questions found within this particular answer.

              ShortNested groups and questions
              Control0..*
              TypeSeettp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/QuestionnaireResponse#QuestionnaireResponse.item
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              It is useful to have "sub-questions", questions which normally appear when certain answers are given and which collect additional details.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              94. QuestionnaireResponse.item.item
              Definition

              Questions or sub-groups nested beneath a question or group.

              ShortNested questionnaire response items
              Control0..*
              TypeSeettp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/QuestionnaireResponse#QuestionnaireResponse.item
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))