DSTU2

This page is part of the FHIR Specification (v1.0.2: DSTU 2). The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions . Page versions: R4 R3 R2

V3-ObservationMethod.json

Raw JSON (canonical form)

A code that provides additional detail about the means or technique used to ascertain the observation. Examples: Blood pressure measurement method: arterial puncture vs. sphygmomanometer (Riva-Rocci), sitting vs. supine position, etc. OpenIssue: Description copied from Concept Domain of same name. Must be verified. Note that the Domain has a full discussion about use of the attribute and constraining that is not appropriate for the code system description. Needs to be improved.

{
  "resourceType": "ValueSet",
  "id": "v3-ObservationMethod",
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "2015-07-31T00:00:00.000+10:00",
    "profile": [
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-shareable-definition"
    ]
  },
  "text": {
    "status": "generated",
    "div": "<div>!-- Snipped for Brevity --></div>"
  },
  "extension": [
    {
      "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-oid",
      "valueUri": "urn:oid:2.16.840.1.113883.1.11.20423"
    }
  ],
  "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/v3-ObservationMethod",
  "version": "2015-07-31",
  "name": "v3 Code System ObservationMethod",
  "status": "active",
  "experimental": false,
  "publisher": "HL7, Inc",
  "contact": [
    {
      "telecom": [
        {
          "system": "other",
          "value": "http://hl7.org"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "date": "2015-07-31",
  "description": " A code that provides additional detail about the means or technique used to ascertain the observation.  Examples:\r\nBlood pressure measurement method: arterial puncture vs. sphygmomanometer (Riva-Rocci), sitting vs. supine position, etc.  OpenIssue:\r\nDescription copied from Concept Domain of same name.  Must be verified.  Note that the Domain has a full discussion about use of the attribute and constraining that is not appropriate for the code system description.  Needs to be improved.",
  "codeSystem": {
    "extension": [
      {
        "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-oid",
        "valueUri": "urn:oid:2.16.840.1.113883.5.84"
      }
    ],
    "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ObservationMethod",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "concept": [
      {
        "code": "_DecisionObservationMethod",
        "abstract": true,
        "display": "DecisionObservationMethod",
        "definition": "Provides codes for decision methods, initially for assessing the causality of events.",
        "concept": [
          {
            "code": "ALGM",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "algorithm",
            "definition": "Reaching a decision through the application of an algorithm designed to weigh the different factors involved.",
            "concept": [
              {
                "code": "BYCL",
                "abstract": false,
                "display": "bayesian calculation",
                "definition": "Reaching a decision through the use of Bayesian statistical analysis."
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "code": "GINT",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "global introspection",
            "definition": "Reaching a decision by consideration of the totality of factors involved in order to reach a judgement."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "_GeneticObservationMethod",
        "abstract": true,
        "display": "GeneticObservationMethod",
        "definition": "A code that provides additional detail about the means or technique used to ascertain the genetic analysis. Example, PCR, Micro Array",
        "concept": [
          {
            "code": "PCR",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "PCR",
            "definition": "Description: Polymerase Chain Reaction"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "_ObservationMethodAggregate",
        "abstract": true,
        "display": "observation method aggregate",
        "definition": "Provides additional detail about the aggregation methods used to compute the aggregated values for an observation. This is an abstract code.",
        "concept": [
          {
            "code": "AVERAGE",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "average",
            "definition": "Average of non-null values in the referenced set of values"
          },
          {
            "code": "COUNT",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "count",
            "definition": "Count of non-null values in the referenced set of values"
          },
          {
            "code": "MAX",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "maxima",
            "definition": "Largest of all non-null values in the referenced set of values."
          },
          {
            "code": "MEDIAN",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "median",
            "definition": "The median of all non-null values in the referenced set of values."
          },
          {
            "code": "MIN",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "minima",
            "definition": "Smallest of all non-null values in the referenced set of values."
          },
          {
            "code": "MODE",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "mode",
            "definition": "The most common value of all non-null values in the referenced set of values."
          },
          {
            "code": "STDEV.P",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "population standard deviation",
            "definition": "Standard Deviation of the values in the referenced set of values, computed over the population."
          },
          {
            "code": "STDEV.S",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "sample standard deviation",
            "definition": "Standard Deviation of the values in the referenced set of values, computed over a sample of the population."
          },
          {
            "code": "SUM",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "sum",
            "definition": "Sum of non-null values in the referenced set of values"
          },
          {
            "code": "VARIANCE.P",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "population variance",
            "definition": "Variance of the values in the referenced set of values, computed over the population."
          },
          {
            "code": "VARIANCE.S",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "sample variance",
            "definition": "Variance of the values in the referenced set of values, computed over a sample of the population."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "_VerificationMethod",
        "abstract": true,
        "display": "VerificationMethod",
        "definition": "VerificationMethod",
        "concept": [
          {
            "code": "VDOC",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "document verification",
            "definition": "Verification by means of document.\r\n\n                        \n                           Example: Fax, letter, attachment to e-mail."
          },
          {
            "code": "VREG",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "registry verification",
            "definition": "verification by means of  a response to an electronic query\r\n\n                        \n                           Example: query message to a Covered Party registry application or Coverage Administrator."
          },
          {
            "code": "VTOKEN",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "electronic token verification",
            "definition": "Verification by means of electronic token.\r\n\n                        \n                           Example: smartcard, magnetic swipe card, RFID device."
          },
          {
            "code": "VVOICE",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "voice-based verification",
            "definition": "Verification by means of voice.\r\n\n                        \n                           Example: By speaking with or calling the Coverage Administrator or Covered Party"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "0001",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Complement fixation",
        "definition": "Complement fixation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0002",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Computed axial tomography",
        "definition": "Computed axial tomography"
      },
      {
        "code": "0003",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "HLAR agar test",
        "definition": "Susceptibility, High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance agar test"
      },
      {
        "code": "0004",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Macroscopic observation",
        "definition": "Visual, Macroscopic observation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0005",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Magnetic resonance",
        "definition": "Computed, Magnetic resonance"
      },
      {
        "code": "0006",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Morphometry",
        "definition": "Computed, Morphometry"
      },
      {
        "code": "0007",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Positron emission tomography",
        "definition": "Computed, Positron emission tomography"
      },
      {
        "code": "0008",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "SAMHSA confirmation",
        "definition": "SAMHSA drug assay confirmation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0009",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "SAMHSA screening",
        "definition": "SAMHSA drug assay screening"
      },
      {
        "code": "0010",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Serum Neutralization",
        "definition": "Serum Neutralization"
      },
      {
        "code": "0011",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Titration",
        "definition": "Titration"
      },
      {
        "code": "0012",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Ultrasound",
        "definition": "Ultrasound"
      },
      {
        "code": "0013",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "X-ray crystallography",
        "definition": "X-ray crystallography"
      },
      {
        "code": "0014",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination"
      },
      {
        "code": "0015",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Buffered acidified plate agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Buffered acidified plate"
      },
      {
        "code": "0016",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Card agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Card"
      },
      {
        "code": "0017",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Hemagglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Hemagglutination"
      },
      {
        "code": "0018",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Hemagglutination inhibition",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Hemagglutination inhibition"
      },
      {
        "code": "0019",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Latex agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Latex"
      },
      {
        "code": "0020",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Plate agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Plate"
      },
      {
        "code": "0021",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Rapid agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Rapid Plate"
      },
      {
        "code": "0022",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "RBC agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, RBC"
      },
      {
        "code": "0023",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Rivanol agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Rivanol"
      },
      {
        "code": "0024",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Tube agglutination",
        "definition": "Agglutination, Tube"
      },
      {
        "code": "0025",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bioassay",
        "definition": "Bioassay"
      },
      {
        "code": "0026",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Animal Inoculation",
        "definition": "Bioassay, Animal Inoculation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0027",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Cytotoxicity",
        "definition": "Bioassay, Cytotoxicity"
      },
      {
        "code": "0028",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Embryo infective dose 50",
        "definition": "Bioassay, Embryo Infective Dose 50"
      },
      {
        "code": "0029",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Embryo lethal dose 50",
        "definition": "Bioassay, Embryo Lethal Dose 50"
      },
      {
        "code": "0030",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Mouse intercerebral inoculation",
        "definition": "Bioassay, Mouse intercerebral inoculation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0031",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bioassay, qualitative",
        "definition": "Bioassay, qualitative"
      },
      {
        "code": "0032",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bioassay, quantitative",
        "definition": "Bioassay, quantitative"
      },
      {
        "code": "0033",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Chemical method",
        "definition": "Chemical"
      },
      {
        "code": "0034",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Differential light absorption chemical test",
        "definition": "Chemical, Differential light absorption"
      },
      {
        "code": "0035",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Dipstick",
        "definition": "Chemical, Dipstick"
      },
      {
        "code": "0036",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Dipstick colorimetric laboratory test",
        "definition": "Chemical, Dipstick colorimetric laboratory test"
      },
      {
        "code": "0037",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Test strip",
        "definition": "Chemical, Test strip"
      },
      {
        "code": "0038",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Chromatography",
        "definition": "Chromatography"
      },
      {
        "code": "0039",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Affinity chromatography",
        "definition": "Chromatography, Affinity"
      },
      {
        "code": "0040",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Gas liquid chromatography",
        "definition": "Chromatography, Gas liquid"
      },
      {
        "code": "0041",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "High performance liquid chromatography",
        "definition": "Chromatography, High performance liquid"
      },
      {
        "code": "0042",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Liquid Chromatography",
        "definition": "Chromatography, Liquid"
      },
      {
        "code": "0043",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Protein A affinity chromatography",
        "definition": "Chromatography, Protein A affinity"
      },
      {
        "code": "0044",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Coagulation",
        "definition": "Coagulation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0045",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Tilt tube coagulation time",
        "definition": "Coagulation, Tilt tube"
      },
      {
        "code": "0046",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Tilt tube reptilase induced coagulation",
        "definition": "Coagulation, Tilt tube reptilase induced"
      },
      {
        "code": "0047",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Automated count",
        "definition": "Count, Automated"
      },
      {
        "code": "0048",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Manual cell count",
        "definition": "Count, Manual"
      },
      {
        "code": "0049",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Platelet count, Rees-Ecker",
        "definition": "Count, Platelet, Rees-Ecker"
      },
      {
        "code": "0050",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Aerobic Culture",
        "definition": "Culture, Aerobic"
      },
      {
        "code": "0051",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Anaerobic Culture",
        "definition": "Culture, Anaerobic"
      },
      {
        "code": "0052",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Chicken embryo culture",
        "definition": "Culture, Chicken Embryo"
      },
      {
        "code": "0053",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Delayed secondary enrichment",
        "definition": "Culture, Delayed secondary enrichment"
      },
      {
        "code": "0054",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Microaerophilic Culture",
        "definition": "Culture, Microaerophilic"
      },
      {
        "code": "0055",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quantitative microbial culture, cup",
        "definition": "Culture, Quantitative microbial, cup"
      },
      {
        "code": "0056",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quantitative microbial culture, droplet",
        "definition": "Culture, Quantitative microbial, droplet"
      },
      {
        "code": "0057",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quantitative microbial culture, filter paper",
        "definition": "Culture, Quantitative microbial, filter paper"
      },
      {
        "code": "0058",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quantitative microbial culture, pad culture",
        "definition": "Culture, Quantitative microbial, pad"
      },
      {
        "code": "0059",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quantitative microbial culture, pour plate",
        "definition": "Culture, Quantitative microbial, pour plate"
      },
      {
        "code": "0060",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quantitative microbial culture, surface streak",
        "definition": "Culture, Quantitative microbial, surface streak"
      },
      {
        "code": "0061",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Somatic Cell culture",
        "definition": "Culture, Somatic Cell"
      },
      {
        "code": "0062",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Agar diffusion",
        "definition": "Diffusion, Agar"
      },
      {
        "code": "0063",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Agar Gel Immunodiffusion",
        "definition": "Diffusion, Agar Gel Immunodiffusion"
      },
      {
        "code": "0064",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Electrophoresis",
        "definition": "Electrophoresis"
      },
      {
        "code": "0065",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Agaorse gel electrophoresis",
        "definition": "Electrophoresis, Agaorse gel"
      },
      {
        "code": "0066",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Electrophoresis, citrate agar",
        "definition": "Electrophoresis, citrate agar"
      },
      {
        "code": "0067",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoelectrophoresis",
        "definition": "Electrophoresis, Immuno"
      },
      {
        "code": "0068",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis",
        "definition": "Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide gel"
      },
      {
        "code": "0069",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Starch gel electrophoresis",
        "definition": "Electrophoresis, Starch gel"
      },
      {
        "code": "0070",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "ELISA",
        "definition": "ELISA"
      },
      {
        "code": "0071",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "ELISA, antigen capture",
        "definition": "ELISA, antigen capture"
      },
      {
        "code": "0072",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "ELISA, avidin biotin peroxidase complex",
        "definition": "ELISA, avidin biotin peroxidase complex"
      },
      {
        "code": "0073",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Kinetic ELISA",
        "definition": "ELISA, Kinetic"
      },
      {
        "code": "0074",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "ELISA, peroxidase-antiperoxidase",
        "definition": "ELISA, peroxidase-antiperoxidase"
      },
      {
        "code": "0075",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API 20 Strep",
        "definition": "Identification, API 20 Strep"
      },
      {
        "code": "0076",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API 20A",
        "definition": "Identification, API 20A"
      },
      {
        "code": "0077",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API 20C AUX",
        "definition": "Identification, API 20C AUX"
      },
      {
        "code": "0078",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API 20E",
        "definition": "Identification, API 20E"
      },
      {
        "code": "0079",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API 20NE",
        "definition": "Identification, API 20NE"
      },
      {
        "code": "0080",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API 50 CH",
        "definition": "Identification, API 50 CH"
      },
      {
        "code": "0081",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API An-IDENT",
        "definition": "Identification, API An-IDENT"
      },
      {
        "code": "0082",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API Coryne",
        "definition": "Identification, API Coryne"
      },
      {
        "code": "0083",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API Rapid 20E",
        "definition": "Identification, API Rapid 20E"
      },
      {
        "code": "0084",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API Staph",
        "definition": "Identification, API Staph"
      },
      {
        "code": "0085",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "API ZYM",
        "definition": "Identification, API ZYM"
      },
      {
        "code": "0086",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bacterial identification",
        "definition": "Identification, Bacterial"
      },
      {
        "code": "0087",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "mini VIDAS",
        "definition": "Identification, mini VIDAS"
      },
      {
        "code": "0088",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Phage susceptibility typing",
        "definition": "Identification, Phage susceptibility typing"
      },
      {
        "code": "0089",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quad-FERM+",
        "definition": "Identification, Quad-FERM+"
      },
      {
        "code": "0090",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "RAPIDEC Staph",
        "definition": "Identification, RAPIDEC Staph"
      },
      {
        "code": "0091",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Staphaurex",
        "definition": "Identification, Staphaurex"
      },
      {
        "code": "0092",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "VIDAS",
        "definition": "Identification, VIDAS"
      },
      {
        "code": "0093",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Vitek",
        "definition": "Identification, Vitek"
      },
      {
        "code": "0094",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "VITEK 2",
        "definition": "Identification, VITEK 2"
      },
      {
        "code": "0095",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immune stain",
        "definition": "Immune stain"
      },
      {
        "code": "0096",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunofluorescent antibody, direct",
        "definition": "Immune stain, Immunofluorescent antibody, direct"
      },
      {
        "code": "0097",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunofluorescent antibody, indirect",
        "definition": "Immune stain, Immunofluorescent antibody, indirect"
      },
      {
        "code": "0098",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoperoxidase, Avidin-Biotin Complex",
        "definition": "Immune stain, Immunoperoxidase, Avidin-Biotin Complex"
      },
      {
        "code": "0099",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoperoxidase, Peroxidase anti-peroxidase complex",
        "definition": "Immune stain, Immunoperoxidase, Peroxidase anti-peroxidase complex"
      },
      {
        "code": "0100",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoperoxidase, Protein A-peroxidase complex",
        "definition": "Immune stain, Immunoperoxidase, Protein A-peroxidase complex"
      },
      {
        "code": "0101",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoassay",
        "definition": "Immunoassay"
      },
      {
        "code": "0102",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoassay, qualitative, multiple step",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, qualitative, multiple step"
      },
      {
        "code": "0103",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoassay, qualitative, single step",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, qualitative, single step"
      },
      {
        "code": "0104",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Radioimmunoassay",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, Radioimmunoassay"
      },
      {
        "code": "0105",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoassay, semi-quantitative, multiple step",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, semi-quantitative, multiple step"
      },
      {
        "code": "0106",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoassay, semi-quantitative, single step",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, semi-quantitative, single step"
      },
      {
        "code": "0107",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Microscopy",
        "definition": "Microscopy"
      },
      {
        "code": "0108",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Darkfield microscopy",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Darkfield"
      },
      {
        "code": "0109",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Electron microscopy",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Electron"
      },
      {
        "code": "0110",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Electron microscopy tomography",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Electron microscopy tomography"
      },
      {
        "code": "0111",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Electron microscopy, negative stain",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Electron, negative stain"
      },
      {
        "code": "0112",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Electron microscopy, thick section",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Electron, thick section transmission"
      },
      {
        "code": "0113",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Electron microscopy, thin section",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Electron, thin section transmission"
      },
      {
        "code": "0114",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Microscopy, Light",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Light"
      },
      {
        "code": "0115",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Polarizing light microscopy",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Polarized light"
      },
      {
        "code": "0116",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Scanning electron microscopy",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Scanning electron"
      },
      {
        "code": "0117",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Transmission electron microscopy",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Transmission electron"
      },
      {
        "code": "0118",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Transparent tape direct examination",
        "definition": "Microscopy, Transparent tape direct examination"
      },
      {
        "code": "0119",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "3 Self-Sustaining Sequence Replication",
        "definition": "Molecular, 3 Self-Sustaining Sequence Replication"
      },
      {
        "code": "0120",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Branched Chain DNA",
        "definition": "Molecular, Branched Chain DNA"
      },
      {
        "code": "0121",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Hybridization Protection Assay",
        "definition": "Molecular, Hybridization Protection Assay"
      },
      {
        "code": "0122",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immune blot",
        "definition": "Molecular, Immune blot"
      },
      {
        "code": "0123",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "In-situ hybridization",
        "definition": "Molecular, In-situ hybridization"
      },
      {
        "code": "0124",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Ligase Chain Reaction",
        "definition": "Molecular, Ligase Chain Reaction"
      },
      {
        "code": "0125",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Ligation Activated Transcription",
        "definition": "Molecular, Ligation Activated Transcription"
      },
      {
        "code": "0126",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Nucleic Acid Probe",
        "definition": "Molecular, Nucleic Acid Probe"
      },
      {
        "code": "0128",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Nucleic acid probe with amplification",
        "definition": "Molecular, Nucleic acid probe with amplification\r\n\n                        \r\n\n                        Rationale: Duplicate of code 0126. Use code 0126 instead."
      },
      {
        "code": "0129",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Nucleic acid probe with target amplification",
        "definition": "Molecular, Nucleic acid probe with target amplification"
      },
      {
        "code": "0130",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Nucleic acid reverse transcription",
        "definition": "Molecular, Nucleic acid reverse transcription"
      },
      {
        "code": "0131",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Analysis",
        "definition": "Molecular, Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Analysis"
      },
      {
        "code": "0132",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Polymerase chain reaction",
        "definition": "Molecular, Polymerase chain reaction"
      },
      {
        "code": "0133",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Q-Beta Replicase or probe amplification category method",
        "definition": "Molecular, Q-Beta Replicase or probe amplification category method"
      },
      {
        "code": "0134",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism",
        "definition": "Molecular, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism"
      },
      {
        "code": "0135",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Southern Blot",
        "definition": "Molecular, Southern Blot"
      },
      {
        "code": "0136",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Strand Displacement Amplification",
        "definition": "Molecular, Strand Displacement Amplification"
      },
      {
        "code": "0137",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Transcription Mediated Amplification",
        "definition": "Molecular, Transcription Mediated Amplification"
      },
      {
        "code": "0138",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Western Blot",
        "definition": "Molecular, Western Blot"
      },
      {
        "code": "0139",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Flocculation",
        "definition": "Precipitation, Flocculation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0140",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immune precipitation",
        "definition": "Precipitation, Immune precipitation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0141",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Milk ring test",
        "definition": "Precipitation, Milk ring test"
      },
      {
        "code": "0142",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Precipitin",
        "definition": "Precipitation, Precipitin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0143",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Acid fast stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Acid fast"
      },
      {
        "code": "0144",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Acid fast stain, fluorochrome",
        "definition": "Stain, Acid fast, fluorochrome"
      },
      {
        "code": "0145",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Acid fast stain, Kinyoun's cold carbolfuchsin",
        "definition": "Stain, Acid fast, Kinyoun's cold carbolfuchsin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0146",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Acid fast stain, Ziehl-Neelsen",
        "definition": "Stain, Acid fast, Ziehl-Neelsen"
      },
      {
        "code": "0147",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Acid phosphatase stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Acid phosphatase"
      },
      {
        "code": "0148",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Acridine orange stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Acridine orange"
      },
      {
        "code": "0149",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Active brilliant orange KH stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Active brilliant orange KH"
      },
      {
        "code": "0150",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Alazarin red S stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Alazarin red S"
      },
      {
        "code": "0151",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Alcian blue stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Alcian blue"
      },
      {
        "code": "0152",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Alcian blue with Periodic acid Schiff stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Alcian blue with Periodic acid Schiff"
      },
      {
        "code": "0153",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Argentaffin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Argentaffin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0154",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Argentaffin silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Argentaffin silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0155",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Azure-eosin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Azure-eosin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0156",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Basic Fuschin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Basic Fuschin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0157",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bennhold stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Bennhold"
      },
      {
        "code": "0158",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bennhold's Congo red stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Bennhold's Congo red"
      },
      {
        "code": "0159",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bielschowsky stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Bielschowsky"
      },
      {
        "code": "0160",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bielschowsky's silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Bielschowsky's silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0161",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bleach stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Bleach"
      },
      {
        "code": "0162",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Bodian stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Bodian"
      },
      {
        "code": "0163",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Brown-Brenn stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Brown-Brenn"
      },
      {
        "code": "0164",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Butyrate-esterase stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Butyrate-esterase"
      },
      {
        "code": "0165",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Calcofluor white fluorescent stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Calcofluor white fluorescent"
      },
      {
        "code": "0166",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Carbol-fuchsin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Carbol-fuchsin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0167",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Carmine stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Carmine"
      },
      {
        "code": "0168",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Churukian-Schenk stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Churukian-Schenk"
      },
      {
        "code": "0169",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Congo red stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Congo red"
      },
      {
        "code": "0170",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Cresyl echt violet stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Cresyl echt violet"
      },
      {
        "code": "0171",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Crystal violet stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Crystal violet"
      },
      {
        "code": "0172",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "De Galantha stain",
        "definition": "Stain, De Galantha"
      },
      {
        "code": "0173",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Dieterle silver impregnation stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Dieterle silver impregnation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0174",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Fite-Farco stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Fite-Farco"
      },
      {
        "code": "0175",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Fontana-Masson silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Fontana-Masson silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0176",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Fouchet stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Fouchet"
      },
      {
        "code": "0177",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Gomori stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Gomori"
      },
      {
        "code": "0178",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Gomori methenamine silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Gomori methenamine silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0179",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Gomori-Wheatly trichrome stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Gomori-Wheatly trichrome"
      },
      {
        "code": "0180",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Gridley stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Gridley"
      },
      {
        "code": "0181",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Grimelius silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Grimelius silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0182",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Grocott stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Grocott"
      },
      {
        "code": "0183",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Grocott methenamine silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Grocott methenamine silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0184",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Hale's colloidal ferric oxide stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Hale's colloidal ferric oxide"
      },
      {
        "code": "0185",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Hale's colloidal iron stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Hale's colloidal iron"
      },
      {
        "code": "0186",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Hansel stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Hansel"
      },
      {
        "code": "0187",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Harris regressive hematoxylin and eosin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Harris regressive hematoxylin and eosin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0188",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Hematoxylin and eosin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Hematoxylin and eosin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0189",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Highman stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Highman"
      },
      {
        "code": "0190",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Holzer stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Holzer"
      },
      {
        "code": "0191",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Iron hematoxylin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Iron hematoxylin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0192",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Jones stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Jones"
      },
      {
        "code": "0193",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Jones methenamine silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Jones methenamine silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0194",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Kossa stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Kossa"
      },
      {
        "code": "0195",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Lawson-Van Gieson stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Lawson-Van Gieson"
      },
      {
        "code": "0196",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Loeffler methylene blue stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Loeffler methylene blue"
      },
      {
        "code": "0197",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Luxol fast blue with cresyl violet stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Luxol fast blue with cresyl violet"
      },
      {
        "code": "0198",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Luxol fast blue with Periodic acid-Schiff stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Luxol fast blue with Periodic acid-Schiff"
      },
      {
        "code": "0199",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "MacNeal's tetrachrome blood stain",
        "definition": "Stain, MacNeal's tetrachrome blood"
      },
      {
        "code": "0200",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Mallory-Heidenhain stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Mallory-Heidenhain"
      },
      {
        "code": "0201",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Masson trichrome stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Masson trichrome"
      },
      {
        "code": "0202",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Mayer mucicarmine stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Mayer mucicarmine"
      },
      {
        "code": "0203",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Mayers progressive hematoxylin and eosin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Mayers progressive hematoxylin and eosin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0204",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "May-Grunwald Giemsa stain",
        "definition": "Stain, May-Grunwald Giemsa"
      },
      {
        "code": "0205",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Methyl green stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Methyl green"
      },
      {
        "code": "0206",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Methyl green pyronin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Methyl green pyronin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0207",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Modified Gomori-Wheatly trichrome stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Modified Gomori-Wheatly trichrome"
      },
      {
        "code": "0208",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Modified Masson trichrome stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Modified Masson trichrome"
      },
      {
        "code": "0209",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Modified trichrome stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Modified trichrome"
      },
      {
        "code": "0210",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Movat pentachrome stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Movat pentachrome"
      },
      {
        "code": "0211",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Mucicarmine stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Mucicarmine"
      },
      {
        "code": "0212",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Neutral red stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Neutral red"
      },
      {
        "code": "0213",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Night blue stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Night blue"
      },
      {
        "code": "0214",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Non-specific esterase stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Non-specific esterase"
      },
      {
        "code": "0215",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Oil red-O stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Oil red-O"
      },
      {
        "code": "0216",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Orcein stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Orcein"
      },
      {
        "code": "0217",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Perls' stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Perls'"
      },
      {
        "code": "0218",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0219",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Potassium ferrocyanide stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Potassium ferrocyanide"
      },
      {
        "code": "0220",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Prussian blue stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Prussian blue"
      },
      {
        "code": "0221",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Putchler modified Bennhold stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Putchler modified Bennhold"
      },
      {
        "code": "0222",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Quinacrine fluorescent stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Quinacrine fluorescent"
      },
      {
        "code": "0223",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Reticulin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Reticulin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0224",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Rhodamine stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Rhodamine"
      },
      {
        "code": "0225",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Safranin stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Safranin"
      },
      {
        "code": "0226",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Schmorl stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Schmorl"
      },
      {
        "code": "0227",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Seiver-Munger stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Seiver-Munger"
      },
      {
        "code": "0228",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0229",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Specific esterase stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Specific esterase"
      },
      {
        "code": "0230",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Steiner silver stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Steiner silver"
      },
      {
        "code": "0231",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Sudan III stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Sudan III"
      },
      {
        "code": "0232",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Sudan IVI stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Sudan IVI"
      },
      {
        "code": "0233",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Sulfated alcian blue stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Sulfated alcian blue"
      },
      {
        "code": "0234",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Supravital stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Supravital"
      },
      {
        "code": "0235",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Thioflavine-S stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Thioflavine-S"
      },
      {
        "code": "0236",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Three micron Giemsa stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Three micron Giemsa"
      },
      {
        "code": "0237",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Vassar-Culling stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Vassar-Culling"
      },
      {
        "code": "0238",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Vital Stain",
        "definition": "Stain, Vital"
      },
      {
        "code": "0239",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "von Kossa stain",
        "definition": "Stain, von Kossa"
      },
      {
        "code": "0243",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Minimum bactericidal concentration test, macrodilution",
        "definition": "Susceptibility, Minimum bactericidal concentration, macrodilution"
      },
      {
        "code": "0244",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Minimum bactericidal concentration test, microdilution",
        "definition": "Susceptibility, Minimum bactericidal concentration, microdilution"
      },
      {
        "code": "0247",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Turbidometric",
        "definition": "Turbidometric"
      },
      {
        "code": "0248",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Refractometric",
        "definition": "Turbidometric, Refractometric"
      },
      {
        "code": "0249",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Thin layer chromatography (TLC)",
        "definition": "Chromatography, Thin Layer"
      },
      {
        "code": "0250",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "EMIT",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, enzyme-multiplied technique (EMIT)"
      },
      {
        "code": "0251",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Flow cytometry (FC)",
        "definition": "Flow Cytometry"
      },
      {
        "code": "0252",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Radial immunodiffusion (RID)",
        "definition": "Radial Immunodiffusion"
      },
      {
        "code": "0253",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, Fluorescence Polarization"
      },
      {
        "code": "0254",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)",
        "definition": "Electrophoresis, Immunofixation"
      },
      {
        "code": "0255",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Equilibrium dialysis",
        "definition": "Dialysis, Direct Equilibrium"
      },
      {
        "code": "0256",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Kleihauer-Betke acid elution",
        "definition": "Acid Elution, Kleihauer-Betke Method"
      },
      {
        "code": "0257",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Anti-complement immunofluorescence (ACIF)",
        "definition": "Immunofluorescence, Anti-Complement"
      },
      {
        "code": "0258",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "GC/MS",
        "definition": "Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy"
      },
      {
        "code": "0259",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Nephelometry",
        "definition": "Light Scatter, Nephelometry"
      },
      {
        "code": "0260",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "IgE immunoassay antibody",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, IgE Antibody Test"
      },
      {
        "code": "0261",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Lymphocyte Microcytotoxicity Assay",
        "definition": "Lymphocyte Microcytotoxicity Assay"
      },
      {
        "code": "0262",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Spectrophotometry",
        "definition": "Spectrophotometry"
      },
      {
        "code": "0263",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS)",
        "definition": "Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption"
      },
      {
        "code": "0264",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Ion selective electrode (ISE)",
        "definition": "Electrochemical, Ion Selective Electrode"
      },
      {
        "code": "0265",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Gas chromatography (GC)",
        "definition": "Chromatography, Gas"
      },
      {
        "code": "0266",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Isoelectric focusing (IEF)",
        "definition": "Isoelectric Focusing"
      },
      {
        "code": "0267",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunochemiluminescence",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, Chemiluminescent"
      },
      {
        "code": "0268",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA)",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, Microparticle Enzyme"
      },
      {
        "code": "0269",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "ICP/MS",
        "definition": "Inductively-Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry"
      },
      {
        "code": "0270",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA)",
        "definition": "Immunoassay, Immunoradiometric Assay"
      },
      {
        "code": "0271",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Photo optical clot detection",
        "definition": "Coagulation, Photo Optical Clot Detection"
      },
      {
        "code": "0280",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Susceptibility Testing",
        "definition": "Test methods designed to determine a microorganismaTMs susceptibility to being killed by an antibiotic.",
        "concept": [
          {
            "code": "0240",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Antibiotic sensitivity, disk",
            "definition": "Susceptibility, Antibiotic sensitivity, disk"
          },
          {
            "code": "0241",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "BACTEC susceptibility test",
            "definition": "Susceptibility, BACTEC susceptibility test"
          },
          {
            "code": "0242",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Disk dilution",
            "definition": "Susceptibility, Disk dilution"
          },
          {
            "code": "0272",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Minimum Inhibitory Concentration",
            "definition": "Testing to measure the minimum concentration of the antibacterial agent in a given culture medium below which bacterial growth is not inhibited.",
            "concept": [
              {
                "code": "0245",
                "abstract": false,
                "display": "Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, macrodilution",
                "definition": "Susceptibility, Minimum Inhibitory concentration, macrodilution"
              },
              {
                "code": "0246",
                "abstract": false,
                "display": "Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, microdilution",
                "definition": "Susceptibility, Minimum Inhibitory concentration, microdilution"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "code": "0273",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Viral Genotype Susceptibility",
            "definition": "Viral Genotype Susceptibility"
          },
          {
            "code": "0274",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Viral Phenotype Susceptibility",
            "definition": "Viral Phenotype Susceptibility"
          },
          {
            "code": "0275",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Gradient Strip",
            "definition": "Gradient Strip"
          },
          {
            "code": "0275a",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC)",
            "definition": "Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC)"
          },
          {
            "code": "0276",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Slow Mycobacteria Susceptibility",
            "definition": "Testing to measure the minimum concentration of the antibacterial agent in a given culture medium below which bacterial growth is not inhibited."
          },
          {
            "code": "0277",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Serum bactericidal titer",
            "definition": "Serum bactericidal titer"
          },
          {
            "code": "0278",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Agar screen",
            "definition": "Agar screen"
          },
          {
            "code": "0279",
            "abstract": false,
            "display": "Disk induction",
            "definition": "Disk induction"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "extension": [
          {
            "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-deprecated",
            "valueBoolean": true
          }
        ],
        "code": "0127",
        "abstract": false,
        "display": "Nucleic acid probe",
        "definition": "Molecular, Nucleic acid probe"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Usage note: every effort has been made to ensure that the examples are correct and useful, but they are not a normative part of the specification.