An example of a herd screening ELISA assay for Mycoplasmal Pneumonia in Pigs. (id = "herd1")

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--   
 An example of a herd screening observation for Mycoplasmal Pneumonia in Pigs
(Enzootic pneumonia).  Many thanks to Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Iowa State
 University for the data.
This uses the Group resource as the subject  --><Observation xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir">
  <id value="herd1"/> 
  <!--    the mandatory status    -->
  <status value="final"/> 
  <!--   category code is A code that classifies the general type of observation being
   made. This is used for searching, sorting and display purposes.  -->
  <category> 
    <coding> 
      <system value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category"/> 
      <code value="laboratory"/> 
      <display value="Laboratory"/> 
    </coding> 
    <text value="Laboratory"/> 
  </category> 
  <!--   
    Observations are often coded in multiple code systems.
      - LOINC provides codes of varying granularity (though not usefully more specific
   in this particular case) and more generic LOINCs  can be mapped to more specific
   codes as shown here
      - snomed provides a clinically relevant code that is usually less granular
   than LOINC
      - the source system provides its own code, which may be less or more granular
   than LOINC
     -->
  <code> 
    <!--    LOINC - always recommended to have a LOINC code    -->
    <coding> 
      <system value="http://loinc.org"/> 
      <code value="80219-9"/> 
      <!--  more generic methodless LOINC  -->
      <display value="Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Ab sample/Positive control in Serum by Immunoassay"/> 
    </coding> 
    <!--    Also, a local code specific to the source system    -->
    <coding> 
      <system value="http://acme.org/devices/clinical-codes"/> 
      <code value="Mycoplasma"/> 
      <display value="Mycoplasma"/> 
    </coding> 
    <text value="Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae - MHP"/> 
  </code> 
  <!--     subject is a herd of 2500 breding sows   -->
  <subject> 
    <reference value="Group/herd1"/> 
  </subject> 
  <encounter> 
    <display value="part of a health assurance program"/> 
  </encounter> 
  <effectiveDateTime value="2017-11-20"/> 
  <!--    In FHIR, units may be represented twice. Once in the
    agreed human representation, and once in a coded form.
    Both is best, since it's not always possible to infer
    one from the other in code.

    When a computable unit is provided, UCUM (http://unitsofmeasure.org)
    is always preferred, but it doesn't provide notional units (such as
    "tablet"), etc. For these, something else is required (e.g. SNOMED CT)
      -->
  <valueQuantity> 
    <value value="0.2"/> 
    <unit value="% (sample/positive control)"/> 
    <system value="http://unitsofmeasure.org"/> 
    <code value="%"/> 
  </valueQuantity> 
  <interpretation> 
    <coding> 
      <system value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ObservationInterpretation"/> 
      <code value="NEG"/> 
      <display value="Negative"/> 
    </coding> 
    <text value="Negative"/> 
  </interpretation> 
  <!--   Specimen is a pooled serology sample of 30 animals.  -->
  <specimen> 
    <reference value="Specimen/pooled-serum"/> 
    <display value="30 serum"/> 
  </specimen> 
  <referenceRange> 
    <text value="&gt;0.4 Positive; 0.3 to 0.4 Suspect &lt; 0.3 Negative"/> 
  </referenceRange> 
</Observation>