Release 5 Ballot
Clinical ReasoningThis page is part of the FHIR Specification (v5.0.0-ballot: FHIR R5 Ballot Preview). The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions 
. Page versions: R5 R4B R4
| Clinical Decision Support Work Group | Maturity Level: N/A | Standards Status: Informative | Compartments: Not linked to any defined compartments |
This is the narrative for the resource. See also the XML, JSON or Turtle format. This example conforms to the profile Library.
| Author | Kensaku Kawamoto, MD, PhD, MHS |
| Author | Bryn Rhodes |
| Author | Floyd Eisenberg, MD, MPH |
| Author | Robert McClure, MD, MPH |
| Documentation | CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain | |
| Depends On | http://example.org/fhir/Library/opioidcds-common |
| Type: MedicationRequest | |
| Filter | Value |
| medicationCodeableConcept | In ValueSet http://example.org/fhir/ValueSet/opioids-indicating-end-of-life |
| Type: Procedure | |
| Filter | Value |
| code | One of these codes: |
| Type: Procedure | |
| Filter | Value |
| code | One of these codes: |
| Type: MedicationRequest | |
| Filter | Value |
| medicationCodeableConcept | In ValueSet http://example.org/fhir/ValueSet/opioids-abused-in-ambulatory-care |
| Type: Encounter |
application/elm+xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<library xmlns="urn:hl7-org:elm:r1" xmlns:t="urn:hl7-org:elm-types:r1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:fhir="http://hl7.org/fhir" xmlns:qdm43="urn:healthit-gov:qdm:v4_3" xmlns:qdm53="urn:healthit-gov:qdm:v5_3" xmlns:a="urn:hl7-org:cql-annotations:r1">
<annotation startLine="76" startChar="3" endLine="76" endChar="51" message="Could not resolve code path medicationCodeableConcept for the type of the retrieve FHIR.MedicationRequest." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="76" startChar="3" endLine="76" endChar="51" message="Could not resolve membership operator for terminology target of the retrieve." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="85" startChar="4" endLine="85" endChar="53" message="Could not resolve membership operator for terminology target of the retrieve." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="86" startChar="13" endLine="86" endChar="52" message="Could not resolve membership operator for terminology target of the retrieve." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="95" startChar="3" endLine="95" endChar="66" message="Could not resolve code path medicationCodeableConcept for the type of the retrieve FHIR.MedicationRequest." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="95" startChar="3" endLine="95" endChar="66" message="Could not resolve membership operator for terminology target of the retrieve." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="103" startChar="10" endLine="103" endChar="70" message="List-valued expression was demoted to a singleton." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="69" startChar="59" endLine="69" endChar="88" message="List-valued expression was demoted to a singleton." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<annotation startLine="115" startChar="6" endLine="115" endChar="35" message="List-valued expression was demoted to a singleton." errorType="semantic" errorSeverity="warning" xsi:type="a:CqlToElmError"/>
<identifier id="OpioidCDS_STU4_REC_07" version="0.1.0"/>
<schemaIdentifier id="urn:hl7-org:elm" version="r1"/>
<usings>
<def localIdentifier="System" uri="urn:hl7-org:elm-types:r1"/>
<def localIdentifier="FHIR" uri="http://hl7.org/fhir" version="3.2.0"/>
</usings>
<includes>
<def localIdentifier="Common" path="OpioidCDS_STU4_Common" version="0.1.0"/>
</includes>
<parameters>
<def name="ContextPrescriptions" accessLevel="Public">
<parameterTypeSpecifier xsi:type="ListTypeSpecifier">
<elementType name="fhir:MedicationRequest" xsi:type="NamedTypeSpecifier"/>
</parameterTypeSpecifier>
</def>
</parameters>
<codeSystems>
<def name="SNOMED" id="http://snomed.info/sct" accessLevel="Public"/>
</codeSystems>
<codes>
<def name="Assessment of risk for opioid abuse" id="454281000124100" accessLevel="Public">
<codeSystem name="SNOMED"/>
</def>
<def name="High risk drug monitoring" id="268525008" accessLevel="Public">
<codeSystem name="SNOMED"/>
</def>
</codes>
<statements>
<def name="Patient" context="Patient">
<expression xsi:type="SingletonFrom">
<operand dataType="fhir:Patient" xsi:type="Retrieve"/>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Risk Assessment Interval" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression lowClosed="true" highClosed="true" xsi:type="Interval">
<low xsi:type="Subtract">
<operand xsi:type="Today"/>
<operand value="91" unit="days" xsi:type="Quantity"/>
</low>
<high xsi:type="Subtract">
<operand xsi:type="Today"/>
<operand value="1" unit="day" xsi:type="Quantity"/>
</high>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Encounter Interval" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression lowClosed="true" highClosed="true" xsi:type="Interval">
<low xsi:type="Subtract">
<operand xsi:type="Subtract">
<operand xsi:type="Today"/>
<operand value="12" unit="months" xsi:type="Quantity"/>
</operand>
<operand value="1" unit="days" xsi:type="Quantity"/>
</low>
<high xsi:type="Subtract">
<operand xsi:type="Today"/>
<operand value="1" unit="day" xsi:type="Quantity"/>
</high>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Validate Trigger Event" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="Exists">
<operand xsi:type="Query">
<source alias="triggerScript">
<expression name="ContextPrescriptions" xsi:type="ParameterRef"/>
</source>
<where name="IsOpioidWithAmbulatoryAbusePotential" libraryName="Common" xsi:type="FunctionRef">
<operand name="ToCode" libraryName="Common" xsi:type="FunctionRef">
<operand xsi:type="Indexer">
<operand path="coding" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="medication" scope="triggerScript" xsi:type="Property"/>
</operand>
<operand valueType="t:Integer" value="0" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</operand>
</operand>
</where>
</operand>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Medications Indicating End Of Life" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="Query">
<source alias="endOfLifeRx">
<expression dataType="fhir:MedicationRequest" codeProperty="medicationCodeableConcept" xsi:type="Retrieve">
<codes name="End Of Life Opioids" libraryName="Common" xsi:type="ValueSetRef"/>
</expression>
</source>
<where xsi:type="Equal">
<operand path="value" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="status" scope="endOfLifeRx" xsi:type="Property"/>
</operand>
<operand valueType="t:String" value="active" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</where>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Exclusion Criteria" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="Exists">
<operand name="Medications Indicating End Of Life" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Opioid Risk Assessment in Past 90 Days" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="Query">
<source alias="riskAssessment">
<expression xsi:type="Union">
<operand dataType="fhir:Procedure" codeProperty="code" xsi:type="Retrieve">
<codes name="Assessment of risk for opioid abuse" xsi:type="CodeRef"/>
</operand>
<operand dataType="fhir:Procedure" codeProperty="code" xsi:type="Retrieve">
<codes name="High risk drug monitoring" xsi:type="CodeRef"/>
</operand>
</expression>
</source>
<where xsi:type="In">
<operand path="value" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="start" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="performed" scope="riskAssessment" xsi:type="Property"/>
</source>
</operand>
<operand name="Risk Assessment Interval" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</where>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Get Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="Query">
<source alias="Rx">
<expression dataType="fhir:MedicationRequest" codeProperty="medicationCodeableConcept" xsi:type="Retrieve">
<codes name="Ambulatory Abuse Potential Opioids" libraryName="Common" xsi:type="ValueSetRef"/>
</expression>
</source>
<where xsi:type="And">
<operand xsi:type="Equal">
<operand path="value" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="status" scope="Rx" xsi:type="Property"/>
</operand>
<operand valueType="t:String" value="active" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</operand>
<operand xsi:type="Equal">
<operand path="value" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="code" xsi:type="Property">
<source xsi:type="Indexer">
<operand xsi:type="Flatten">
<operand xsi:type="Query">
<source alias="$this">
<expression path="category" scope="Rx" xsi:type="Property"/>
</source>
<where xsi:type="Not">
<operand xsi:type="IsNull">
<operand path="coding" xsi:type="Property">
<source name="$this" xsi:type="AliasRef"/>
</operand>
</operand>
</where>
<return>
<expression path="coding" xsi:type="Property">
<source name="$this" xsi:type="AliasRef"/>
</expression>
</return>
</operand>
</operand>
<operand valueType="t:Integer" value="0" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</source>
</source>
</operand>
<operand valueType="t:String" value="outpatient" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</operand>
</where>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Encounter in past 12 months" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="Query">
<source alias="E">
<expression dataType="fhir:Encounter" xsi:type="Retrieve"/>
</source>
<where xsi:type="In">
<operand path="value" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="start" xsi:type="Property">
<source path="period" scope="E" xsi:type="Property"/>
</source>
</operand>
<operand name="Encounter Interval" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</where>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Rx Active 7 of Past 10 Days With Encounter" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="And">
<operand xsi:type="SingletonFrom">
<operand name="ProbableDaysInRange" libraryName="Common" xsi:type="FunctionRef">
<operand name="Get Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
<operand valueType="t:Integer" value="10" xsi:type="Literal"/>
<operand valueType="t:Integer" value="7" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</operand>
</operand>
<operand xsi:type="Exists">
<operand name="Encounter in past 12 months" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</operand>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Rx Active 63 of Past 90 Days" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression name="ProbableDaysInRange" libraryName="Common" xsi:type="FunctionRef">
<operand name="Get Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
<operand valueType="t:Integer" value="90" xsi:type="Literal"/>
<operand valueType="t:Integer" value="63" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Inclusion Criteria" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="And">
<operand xsi:type="And">
<operand xsi:type="And">
<operand name="Validate Trigger Event" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
<operand xsi:type="Not">
<operand name="Exclusion Criteria" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</operand>
</operand>
<operand xsi:type="Not">
<operand xsi:type="Exists">
<operand name="Opioid Risk Assessment in Past 90 Days" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</operand>
</operand>
</operand>
<operand xsi:type="Or">
<operand name="Rx Active 7 of Past 10 Days With Encounter" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
<operand xsi:type="SingletonFrom">
<operand name="Rx Active 63 of Past 90 Days" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</operand>
</operand>
</expression>
</def>
<def name="Get Indicator" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression valueType="t:String" value="warning" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</def>
<def name="Get Summary" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression valueType="t:String" value="Patients on opioid therapy should be evaluated for benefits and harms within 1 to 4 weeks of starting opioid therapy and every 3 months or more subsequently." xsi:type="Literal"/>
</def>
<def name="Get Detail" context="Patient" accessLevel="Public">
<expression xsi:type="If">
<condition xsi:type="SingletonFrom">
<operand name="Rx Active 63 of Past 90 Days" xsi:type="ExpressionRef"/>
</condition>
<then valueType="t:String" value="No evaluation for benefits and harms associated with opioid therapy has been performed for the patient in the past 3 months" xsi:type="Literal"/>
<else valueType="t:String" value="No evaluation for benefits and harms has been performed for the patient starting opioid therapy" xsi:type="Literal"/>
</expression>
</def>
</statements>
</library>
Usage note: every effort has been made to ensure that the examples are correct and useful, but they are not a normative part of the specification.
FHIR ®© HL7.org 2011+. FHIR R5 Ballot hl7.fhir.core#5.0.0-ballot generated on Wed, Sep 7, 2022 11:09+1000.
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