STU 3 Ballot
DiagnosticsThis page is part of the FHIR Specification (v1.6.0: STU 3 Ballot 4). The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions 
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HeadCircum
<StructureDefinition xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"> <id value="headcircum"/> <text> <status value="generated"/> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">to do</div> </text> <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-summary"> <valueMarkdown value="####Complete Summary of the Mandatory Requirements 1. One code in `Observation.code` which must have - a fixed `Observation.code.coding.system`=**'http<i</i://loinc.org'** - a fixed `Observation.code.coding.code`= **'9843-4'** - Other additional codes are allowed - e.g. more specific LOINC Codes, SNOMED CT concepts, system specific codes. All codes SHALL have an system value 2. a fixed`Observation.valueQuantity.c ode` = **'cm', or '[in_i]'**"/> </extension> <url value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/headcircum"/> <name value="Vital Signs Profile"/> <display value="VitalSigns"/> <status value="draft"/> <publisher value="Health Level Seven International (Orders and Observations Workgroup)"/> <contact> <telecom> <system value="other"/> <value value="http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/orders/index.cfm Orders and Observations"/> </telecom> </contact> <date value="2016-03-25"/> <description value="FHIR Head Circumference Profile"/> <fhirVersion value="1.6.0"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <uri value="http://hl7.org/v2"/> <name value="HL7 v2 Mapping"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <uri value="http://hl7.org/v3"/> <name value="RIM Mapping"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <uri value="http://hl7.org/fhir/w5"/> <name value="W5 Mapping"/> </mapping> <kind value="resource"/> <abstract value="false"/> <type value="Observation"/> <baseDefinition value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/vitalsigns"/> <derivation value="constraint"/> <snapshot> <element id="Observation:headcircum"> <path value="Observation"/> <name value="HeadCircum"/> <short value="FHIR Head Circumference Profile"/> <definition value="This profile defines how to represent Head Circumference observations in FHIR using a standard LOINC code and UCUM units of measure."/> <comments value="Used for simple observations such as device measurements, laboratory atomic results, vital signs, height, weight, smoking status, comments, etc. Other resources are used to provide context for observations such as lab reports, etc."/> <alias value="Vital Signs"/> <alias value="Measurement"/> <alias value="Results"/> <alias value="Tests"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Observation"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <constraint> <key value="dom-2"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources"/> <expression value="contained.contained.empty()"/> <xpath value="not(parent::f:contained and f:contained)"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="dom-1"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain any narrative"/> <expression value="contained.text.empty()"/> <xpath value="not(parent::f:contained and f:text)"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="dom-4"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated"/> <expression value="contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()"/> <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:versionId)) and not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:lastUpdated))"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="dom-3"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource"/> <expression value="contained.where(('#'+id in %resource.descendants().reference).not()).empty()"/> <xpath value="not(exists(for $id in f:contained/*/@id return $id[not(ancestor::f:contained/parent::*/descendant::f :reference/@value=concat('#', $id))]))"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="obs-7"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="If code is the same as a component code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present"/> <expression value="value.empty() or code!=component.code"/> <xpath value="not(exists(f:value)) or not(count(for $coding in f:code/f:coding return parent::*/f:component/f:code /f:coding[f:code/@value=$coding/f:code/@value and f:system/@value=$coding/f:system/@value])=0)"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="obs-6"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present"/> <expression value="dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()"/> <xpath value="not(exists(f:dataAbsentReason)) or (not(exists(*[starts-with(local-name(.), 'value')])))"/> </constraint> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="Entity. Role, or Act"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="Observation[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN]"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="clinical.diagnostics"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.id"> <path value="Observation.id"/> <short value="Logical id of this artifact"/> <definition value="The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes."/> <comments value="The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Resource.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="id"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.meta"> <path value="Observation.meta"/> <short value="Metadata about the resource"/> <definition value="The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content may not always be associated with version changes to the resource."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Resource.meta"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Meta"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.implicitRules"> <path value="Observation.implicitRules"/> <short value="A set of rules under which this content was created"/> <definition value="A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content."/> <comments value="Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element as much as possible."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Resource.implicitRules"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="uri"/> </type> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.language"> <path value="Observation.language"/> <short value="Language of the resource content"/> <definition value="The base language in which the resource is written."/> <comments value="Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute)."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Resource.language"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <binding> <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-maxValueSet"> <valueReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages"/> </valueReference> </extension> <strength value="extensible"/> <description value="A human language."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.text"> <path value="Observation.text"/> <short value="Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation"/> <definition value="A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource, and may be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety."/> <comments value="Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded in formation is added later."/> <alias value="narrative"/> <alias value="html"/> <alias value="xhtml"/> <alias value="display"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="DomainResource.text"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Narrative"/> </type> <condition value="dom-1"/> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="Act.text?"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.contained"> <path value="Observation.contained"/> <short value="Contained, inline Resources"/> <definition value="These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope."/> <comments value="This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again."/> <alias value="inline resources"/> <alias value="anonymous resources"/> <alias value="contained resources"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="DomainResource.contained"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Resource"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.extension"> <path value="Observation.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="DomainResource.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.modifierExtension"> <path value="Observation.modifierExtension"/> <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="DomainResource.modifierExtension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <isModifier value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.identifier"> <path value="Observation.identifier"/> <short value="Unique Id for this particular observation"/> <definition value="A unique identifier for the simple observation instance."/> <requirements value="Allows observations to be distinguished and referenced."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Observation.identifier"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Identifier"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX.21 For OBX segments from systems without OBX-21 support a combination of ORC/OBR and OBX must be negotiated between trading partners to uniquely identify the OBX segment. Depending on how V2 has been implemented each of these may be an option: 1) OBR-3 + OBX-3 + OBX-4 or 2) OBR-3 + OBR-4 + OBX-3 + OBX-4 or 2) some other way to uniquely ID the OBR/ORC + OBX-3 + OBX-4."/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="id"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="id"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.status"> <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-display-hint"> <valueString value="default: final"/> </extension> <path value="Observation.status"/> <short value="registered | preliminary | final | amended +"/> <definition value="The status of the result value."/> <requirements value="Need to track the status of individual results. Some results are finalized before the whole report is finalized."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.status"/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="Codes providing the status of an observation."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-11"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="status Amended & Final are differentiated by whether it is the subject of a ControlAct event with a type of "revise""/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="status"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category"> <path value="Observation.category"/> <short value="Classification of type of observation"/> <definition value="A code that classifies the general type of observation being made."/> <comments value="There may be multiple axis of categoriization depending on the context or use case for retrieving or displaying the resource. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. More fine-grained filtering can be performed using the metadata and/or terminology hierarchy in Observation.code."/> <requirements value="Used for filtering what observations are retreived and displayed."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Observation.category"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <binding> <strength value="example"/> <description value="Codes for high level observation categories ."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value=".outboundRelationship[typeCode="COMP].target[classCode="LIST", moodCode="EVN&quo t;].code"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="class"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.id"> <path value="Observation.category.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.extension"> <path value="Observation.category.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding"> <path value="Observation.category.coding"/> <short value="Code defined by a terminology system"/> <definition value="A reference to a code defined by a terminology system."/> <comments value="Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labelled as UserSelected = true."/> <requirements value="Allows for translations and alternate encodings within a code system. Also supports communication of the same instance to systems requiring different encodings."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="CodeableConcept.coding"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Coding"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.1-8, C*E.10-22"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="union(., ./translation)"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:CodeableConcept.coding rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CD.coding"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding.id"> <path value="Observation.category.coding.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding.extension"> <path value="Observation.category.coding.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding.system"> <path value="Observation.category.coding.system"/> <short value="Identity of the terminology system"/> <definition value="The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code."/> <comments value="The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should de-reference to some definition that establish the system clearly and unambiguously."/> <requirements value="Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.system"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="uri"/> </type> <fixedUri value="http://hl7.org/fhir/observation-category"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.3"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./codeSystem"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.system rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.codeSystem"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding.version"> <path value="Observation.category.coding.version"/> <short value="Version of the system - if relevant"/> <definition value="The version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured. and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged."/> <comments value="Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.version"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.7"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./codeSystemVersion"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.version rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.codeSystemVersion"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding.code"> <path value="Observation.category.coding.code"/> <short value="Symbol in syntax defined by the system"/> <definition value="A symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination)."/> <requirements value="Need to refer to a particular code in the system."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.code"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <fixedCode value="vital-signs"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.1"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./code"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.code rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.code"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding.display"> <path value="Observation.category.coding.display"/> <short value="Representation defined by the system"/> <definition value="A representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system."/> <requirements value="Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.display"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.2 - but note this is not well followed"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="CV.displayName"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.display rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.displayName"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.coding.userSelected"> <path value="Observation.category.coding.userSelected"/> <short value="If this coding was chosen directly by the user"/> <definition value="Indicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - i.e. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays)."/> <comments value="Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely."/> <requirements value="This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.userSelected"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="boolean"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="Sometimes implied by being first"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="CD.codingRationale"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.userSelected fhir:mapsTo dt:CDCoding.codingRationale. fhir:Coding.userSelected fhir:hasMap fhir:Coding.userSelected.map. fhir:Coding.userSelected.map a fhir:Map; fhir:target dt:CDCoding.codingRationale. fhir:Coding.userSelected\#true a [ fhir:source "true"; fhir:target dt:CDCoding.codingRationale\#O ]"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.category.text"> <path value="Observation.category.text"/> <short value="Plain text representation of the concept"/> <definition value="A human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user."/> <comments value="Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings."/> <requirements value="The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="CodeableConcept.text"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.9. But note many systems use C*E.2 for this"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./originalText[mediaType/code="text/plain"]/data"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:CodeableConcept.text rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CD.originalText"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code"> <path value="Observation.code"/> <short value="Head Circumference"/> <definition value="Head Circumference."/> <comments value="additional codes that translate or map to this code are allowed. For example a more granular LOINC code or code that is used locally in a system."/> <requirements value="Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation."/> <alias value="Test"/> <alias value="Name"/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.code"/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="This identifies the vital sign result type."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-3"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="code"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="what"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.id"> <path value="Observation.code.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.extension"> <path value="Observation.code.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding"> <path value="Observation.code.coding"/> <slicing> <discriminator value="code"/> <ordered value="false"/> <rules value="open"/> </slicing> <short value="Code defined by a terminology system"/> <definition value="A reference to a code defined by a terminology system."/> <comments value="Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labelled as UserSelected = true."/> <requirements value="Allows for translations and alternate encodings within a code system. Also supports communication of the same instance to systems requiring different encodings."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="CodeableConcept.coding"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Coding"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.1-8, C*E.10-22"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="union(., ./translation)"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:CodeableConcept.coding rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CD.coding"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode"> <path value="Observation.code.coding"/> <name value="HeadCircumCode"/> <short value="Code defined by a terminology system"/> <definition value="A reference to a code defined by a terminology system."/> <comments value="Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labelled as UserSelected = true."/> <requirements value="Allows for translations and alternate encodings within a code system. Also supports communication of the same instance to systems requiring different encodings."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="CodeableConcept.coding"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Coding"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.1-8, C*E.10-22"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="union(., ./translation)"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:CodeableConcept.coding rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CD.coding"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.id"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.extension"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.system"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.system"/> <short value="Identity of the terminology system"/> <definition value="The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code."/> <comments value="The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should de-reference to some definition that establish the system clearly and unambiguously."/> <requirements value="Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.system"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="uri"/> </type> <fixedUri value="http://loinc.org"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.3"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./codeSystem"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.system rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.codeSystem"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.version"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.version"/> <short value="Version of the system - if relevant"/> <definition value="The version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured. and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged."/> <comments value="Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.version"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.7"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./codeSystemVersion"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.version rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.codeSystemVersion"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.code"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.code"/> <short value="Symbol in syntax defined by the system"/> <definition value="A symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination)."/> <requirements value="Need to refer to a particular code in the system."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.code"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <fixedCode value="9843-4"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.1"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./code"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.code rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.code"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.display"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.display"/> <short value="Representation defined by the system"/> <definition value="A representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system."/> <requirements value="Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.display"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.2 - but note this is not well followed"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="CV.displayName"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.display rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CDCoding.displayName"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.userSelected"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.userSelected"/> <short value="If this coding was chosen directly by the user"/> <definition value="Indicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - i.e. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays)."/> <comments value="Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely."/> <requirements value="This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Coding.userSelected"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="boolean"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="Sometimes implied by being first"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="CD.codingRationale"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:Coding.userSelected fhir:mapsTo dt:CDCoding.codingRationale. fhir:Coding.userSelected fhir:hasMap fhir:Coding.userSelected.map. fhir:Coding.userSelected.map a fhir:Map; fhir:target dt:CDCoding.codingRationale. fhir:Coding.userSelected\#true a [ fhir:source "true"; fhir:target dt:CDCoding.codingRationale\#O ]"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.text"> <path value="Observation.code.text"/> <short value="Plain text representation of the concept"/> <definition value="A human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user."/> <comments value="Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings."/> <requirements value="The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="CodeableConcept.text"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="C*E.9. But note many systems use C*E.2 for this"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="./originalText[mediaType/code="text/plain"]/data"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="orim"/> <map value="fhir:CodeableConcept.text rdfs:subPropertyOf dt:CD.originalText"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.subject"> <path value="Observation.subject"/> <short value="Who and/or what this is about"/> <definition value="The patient, or group of patients, location, or device whose characteristics (direct or indirect) are described by the observation and into whose record the observation is placed. Comments: Indirect characteristics may be those of a specimen, fetus, donor, other observer (for example a relative or EMT), or any observation made about the subject."/> <comments value="One would expect this element to be a cardinality of 1..1. The only circumstance in which the subject can be missing is when the observation is made by a device that does not know the patient. In this case, the observation SHALL be matched to a patient through some context/channel matching technique, and at this point, the observation should be updated. If the target of the observation is different than the subject, the general extension [observation-focal-subject](extension-observation-focal-subject.html). may be used. However, the distinction between the patient's own value for an observation versus that of the fetus, or the donor or blood product unit, etc., are often specified in the observation code."/> <requirements value="Observations have no value if you don't know who or what they're about."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.subject"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Group"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Device"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Location"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="PID-3"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="participation[typeCode=SBJ]"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="who.focus"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.encounter"> <path value="Observation.encounter"/> <short value="Healthcare event during which this observation is made"/> <definition value="The healthcare event (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) during which this observation is made."/> <requirements value="For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.encounter"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="PV1"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[classCode=ENC, moodCode=EVN]"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="context"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.effective[x]"> <path value="Observation.effective[x]"/> <short value="Often just a dateTime for Vital Signs"/> <definition value="Often just a dateTime for Vital Signs."/> <comments value="At least a date should be present unless this observation is a historical report."/> <requirements value="Knowing when an observation was deemed true is important to its relevance as well as determining trends."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.effective[x]"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="dateTime"/> </type> <type> <code value="Period"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-14, and/or OBX-19 after v2.4 (depends on who observation made)"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="effectiveTime"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="when.done"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.issued"> <path value="Observation.issued"/> <short value="Date/Time this was made available"/> <definition value="The date and time this observation was made available to providers, typically after the results have been reviewed and verified."/> <comments value="Updated when the result is updated."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.issued"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="instant"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBR.22 (or MSH.7), or perhaps OBX-19 (depends on who observation made)"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="participation[typeCode=AUT].time"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="when.recorded"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.performer"> <path value="Observation.performer"/> <short value="Who is responsible for the observation"/> <definition value="Who was responsible for asserting the observed value as "true"."/> <requirements value="May give a degree of confidence in the observation and also indicates where follow-up questions should be directed."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Observation.performer"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Practitioner"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Organization"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/RelatedPerson"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX.15 / (Practitioner) OBX-16, PRT-5:PRT-4='RO' / (Device) OBX-18 , PRT-10:PRT-4='EQUIP' / (Organization) OBX-23, PRT-8:PRT-4='PO'"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="participation[typeCode=PRF]"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="who.actor"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity"/> <short value="Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM"/> <definition value="Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM."/> <comments value="Normally, an observation will have either a value or a set of related observations. A few observations (e.g. Apgar score) may have both a value and related observations (for an Apgar score, the observations from which the measure is derived). If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. This element has a variable name depending on the type as follows: valueQuantity, valueCodeableConcept, valueString, valueRange, valueRatio, valueSampledData, valueAttachment, valueTime, valueDateTime, or valuePeriod. (The name format is "'value' + the type name" with a capital on the first letter of the type). If the data element is usually coded or if the type associated with the Observation.value defines a coded value, use CodeableConcept instead of string datatype even if the value is uncoded text. A value set is bound to the ValueCodeableConc ept element. For boolean values use valueCodeableConcept and select codes from [HL7 Version 2 Table 0136](v2/0136/index.html). These "yes/no" concepts can be mapped to the display name "true/false" or other mutually exclusive terms that may be needed. For further discussion and examples see the [notes section](observation.html#4.20.4) below."/> <requirements value="An observation exists to have a value, though it may not if it is in error, or it represents a group of observations."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.value[x]"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Quantity"/> </type> <condition value="obs-7"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs"/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-vitals-common"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX.2, OBX.5, OBX.6"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="value"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.id"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.extension"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.value"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.value"/> <short value="Numerical value (with implicit precision)"/> <definition value="The value of the measured amount. The value includes an implicit precision in the presentation of the value."/> <comments value="The implicit precision in the value should always be honored. Monetary values have their own rules for handling precision (refer to standard accounting text books)."/> <requirements value="Precision is handled implicitly in almost all cases of measurement."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.value"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="decimal"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN.2 / CQ - N/A"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.value, CO.value, MO.value, IVL.high or IVL.low depending on the value"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.comparator"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.comparator"/> <short value="< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value"/> <definition value="How the value should be understood and represented - whether the actual value is greater or less than the stated value due to measurement issues; e.g. if the comparator is "<" , then the real value is < stated value."/> <comments value="This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because the comparator modifies the interpretation of the value significantly. If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value."/> <requirements value="Need a framework for handling measures where the value is <5ug/L or >400mg/L due to the limitations of measuring methodology."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.comparator"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <meaningWhenMissing value="If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value"/> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="How the Quantity should be understood and represented."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN.1 / CQ.1"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="IVL properties"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.unit"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.unit"/> <short value="Unit representation"/> <definition value="A human-readable form of the unit."/> <requirements value="There are many representations for units of measure and in many contexts, particular representations are fixed and required. I.e. mcg for micrograms."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.unit"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.unit"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.system"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.system"/> <short value="System that defines coded unit form"/> <definition value="The identification of the system that provides the coded form of the unit."/> <requirements value="Need to know the system that defines the coded form of the unit."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.system"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="uri"/> </type> <fixedUri value="http://unitsofmeasure.org"/> <condition value="qty-3"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="CO.codeSystem, PQ.translation.codeSystem"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.code"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.code"/> <short value="Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set."/> <definition value="Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set."/> <comments value="The preferred system is UCUM, but SNOMED CT can also be used (for customary units) or ISO 4217 for currency. The context of use may additionally require a code from a particular system."/> <requirements value="Need a computable form of the unit that is fixed across all forms. UCUM provides this for quantities, but SNOMED CT provides many units of interest."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.code"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="Common UCUM units for Body Length measures such as Body Height and Head Circumference"/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.code, MO.currency, PQ.translation.code"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.dataAbsentReason"> <path value="Observation.dataAbsentReason"/> <short value="Why the result is missing"/> <definition value="Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing."/> <comments value="If there is no numeric result then you have to supply a reason."/> <requirements value="For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.dataAbsentReason"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <condition value="obs-6"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="extensible"/> <description value="Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-valueabsentreason"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="value.nullFlavor"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.interpretation"> <path value="Observation.interpretation"/> <short value="High, low, normal, etc."/> <definition value="The assessment made based on the result of the observation. Intended as a simple compact code often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result. Otherwise known as abnormal flag."/> <requirements value="For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result."/> <alias value="Abnormal Flag"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.interpretation"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <binding> <strength value="extensible"/> <description value="Codes identifying interpretations of observations."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-8"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="interpretationCode"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.comment"> <path value="Observation.comment"/> <short value="Comments about result"/> <definition value="May include statements about significant, unexpected or unreliable values, or information about the source of the value where this may be relevant to the interpretation of the result."/> <requirements value="Need to be able to provide free text additional information."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.comment"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="NTE.3 (partner NTE to OBX, or sometimes another (child?) OBX)"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="subjectOf.observationEvent[code="annotation"].value"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.bodySite"> <path value="Observation.bodySite"/> <short value="Observed body part"/> <definition value="Indicates the site on the subject's body where the observation was made (i.e. the target site)."/> <comments value="Only used if not implicit in code found in Observation.code. In many systems, this may be represented as a related observation instead of an inline component. If the use case requires BodySite to be handled as a separate resource (e.g. to identify and track separately) then use The standard extension[ body-site-instance](extension-body-site-instance.html)."/> <requirements value="Knowing where the observation is made is important for tracking if multiple sites are possible."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.bodySite"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <binding> <strength value="example"/> <description value="Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-20"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="targetSiteCode"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.method"> <path value="Observation.method"/> <short value="How it was done"/> <definition value="Indicates the mechanism used to perform the observation."/> <comments value="Only used if not implicit in code for Observation.code."/> <requirements value="In some cases, method can impact results and is thus used for determining whether results can be compared or determining significance of results."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.method"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <binding> <strength value="example"/> <description value="Methods for simple observations."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-17"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="methodCode"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.specimen"> <path value="Observation.specimen"/> <short value="Specimen used for this observation"/> <definition value="The specimen that was used when this observation was made."/> <comments value="Observations are not made on specimens themselves; they are made on a subject, but usually by the means of a specimen. Note that although specimens are often involved, they are not always tracked and reported explicitly. Also note that observation resources may be used in contexts that track the specimen explicitly (e.g. Diagnostic Report)."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.specimen"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Specimen"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SPM segment"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="participation[typeCode=SPC].specimen"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.device"> <path value="Observation.device"/> <short value="(Measurement) Device"/> <definition value="The device used to generate the observation data."/> <comments value="An extension should be used if further typing of the device is needed. Devices used to support obtaining an observation can be represented using either extension or through the Observation.related element."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.device"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Device"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DeviceMetric"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-17 / PRT -10"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="participation[typeCode=DEV]"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange"/> <short value="Provides guide for interpretation"/> <definition value="Guidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range."/> <comments value="Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g. specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this may not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties."/> <requirements value="Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.referenceRange"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="BackboneElement"/> </type> <constraint> <key value="obs-3"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="Must have at least a low or a high or text"/> <expression value="low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()"/> <xpath value="(exists(f:low) or exists(f:high)or exists(f:text))"/> </constraint> <mustSupport value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX.7"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="outboundRelationship[typeCode=REFV]/target[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN]"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.id"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.extension"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.modifierExtension"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.modifierExtension"/> <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <alias value="modifiers"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="BackboneElement.modifierExtension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low"/> <short value="A fixed quantity (no comparator)"/> <definition value="The comparator is not used on a SimpleQuantity"/> <comments value="The context of use may frequently define what kind of quantity this is and therefore what kind of units can be used. The context of use may also restrict the values for the comparator."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Quantity"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/SimpleQuantity"/> </type> <condition value="ele-1"/> <constraint> <key value="ele-1"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> <expression value="children().count() > id.count()"/> <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="qty-3"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="If a code for the unit is present, the system SHALL also be present"/> <expression value="code.empty() or system.exists()"/> <xpath value="not(exists(f:code)) or exists(f:system)"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="sqty-1"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="The comparator is not used on a SimpleQuantity"/> <expression value="comparator.empty()"/> <xpath value="not(exists(f:comparator))"/> </constraint> <mustSupport value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN (see also Range) or CQ"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ, IVL<PQ>, MO, CO, depending on the values"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low.id"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low.extension"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low.value"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low.value"/> <short value="Numerical value (with implicit precision)"/> <definition value="The value of the measured amount. The value includes an implicit precision in the presentation of the value."/> <comments value="The implicit precision in the value should always be honored. Monetary values have their own rules for handling precision (refer to standard accounting text books)."/> <requirements value="Precision is handled implicitly in almost all cases of measurement."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.value"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="decimal"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN.2 / CQ - N/A"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.value, CO.value, MO.value, IVL.high or IVL.low depending on the value"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low.comparator"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low.comparator"/> <short value="< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value"/> <definition value="Not allowed to be used in this context"/> <comments value="This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because the comparator modifies the interpretation of the value significantly. If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value."/> <requirements value="Need a framework for handling measures where the value is <5ug/L or >400mg/L due to the limitations of measuring methodology."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="0"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.comparator"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <meaningWhenMissing value="If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value"/> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="How the Quantity should be understood and represented."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN.1 / CQ.1"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="IVL properties"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low.unit"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low.unit"/> <short value="Unit representation"/> <definition value="A human-readable form of the unit."/> <requirements value="There are many representations for units of measure and in many contexts, particular representations are fixed and required. I.e. mcg for micrograms."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.unit"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.unit"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low.system"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low.system"/> <short value="System that defines coded unit form"/> <definition value="The identification of the system that provides the coded form of the unit."/> <requirements value="Need to know the system that defines the coded form of the unit."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.system"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="uri"/> </type> <fixedUri value="http://unitsofmeasure.org"/> <condition value="qty-3"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="CO.codeSystem, PQ.translation.codeSystem"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.low.code"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low.code"/> <short value="Coded form of the unit"/> <definition value="A computer processable form of the unit in some unit representation system."/> <comments value="The preferred system is UCUM, but SNOMED CT can also be used (for customary units) or ISO 4217 for currency. The context of use may additionally require a code from a particular system."/> <requirements value="Need a computable form of the unit that is fixed across all forms. UCUM provides this for quantities, but SNOMED CT provides many units of interest."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.code"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.code, MO.currency, PQ.translation.code"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high"/> <short value="A fixed quantity (no comparator)"/> <definition value="The comparator is not used on a SimpleQuantity"/> <comments value="The context of use may frequently define what kind of quantity this is and therefore what kind of units can be used. The context of use may also restrict the values for the comparator."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Quantity"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/SimpleQuantity"/> </type> <condition value="ele-1"/> <constraint> <key value="ele-1"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> <expression value="children().count() > id.count()"/> <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="qty-3"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="If a code for the unit is present, the system SHALL also be present"/> <expression value="code.empty() or system.exists()"/> <xpath value="not(exists(f:code)) or exists(f:system)"/> </constraint> <constraint> <key value="sqty-1"/> <severity value="error"/> <human value="The comparator is not used on a SimpleQuantity"/> <expression value="comparator.empty()"/> <xpath value="not(exists(f:comparator))"/> </constraint> <mustSupport value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN (see also Range) or CQ"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ, IVL<PQ>, MO, CO, depending on the values"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high.id"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high.extension"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high.value"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high.value"/> <short value="Numerical value (with implicit precision)"/> <definition value="The value of the measured amount. The value includes an implicit precision in the presentation of the value."/> <comments value="The implicit precision in the value should always be honored. Monetary values have their own rules for handling precision (refer to standard accounting text books)."/> <requirements value="Precision is handled implicitly in almost all cases of measurement."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.value"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="decimal"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN.2 / CQ - N/A"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.value, CO.value, MO.value, IVL.high or IVL.low depending on the value"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high.comparator"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high.comparator"/> <short value="< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value"/> <definition value="Not allowed to be used in this context"/> <comments value="This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because the comparator modifies the interpretation of the value significantly. If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value."/> <requirements value="Need a framework for handling measures where the value is <5ug/L or >400mg/L due to the limitations of measuring methodology."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="0"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.comparator"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <meaningWhenMissing value="If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value"/> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="How the Quantity should be understood and represented."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="SN.1 / CQ.1"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="IVL properties"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high.unit"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high.unit"/> <short value="Unit representation"/> <definition value="A human-readable form of the unit."/> <requirements value="There are many representations for units of measure and in many contexts, particular representations are fixed and required. I.e. mcg for micrograms."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.unit"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.unit"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high.system"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high.system"/> <short value="System that defines coded unit form"/> <definition value="The identification of the system that provides the coded form of the unit."/> <requirements value="Need to know the system that defines the coded form of the unit."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.system"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="uri"/> </type> <fixedUri value="http://unitsofmeasure.org"/> <condition value="qty-3"/> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="CO.codeSystem, PQ.translation.codeSystem"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.high.code"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high.code"/> <short value="Coded form of the unit"/> <definition value="A computer processable form of the unit in some unit representation system."/> <comments value="The preferred system is UCUM, but SNOMED CT can also be used (for customary units) or ISO 4217 for currency. The context of use may additionally require a code from a particular system."/> <requirements value="Need a computable form of the unit that is fixed across all forms. UCUM provides this for quantities, but SNOMED CT provides many units of interest."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Quantity.code"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="(see OBX.6 etc.) / CQ.2"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="PQ.code, MO.currency, PQ.translation.code"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.meaning"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.meaning"/> <short value="Reference range qualifier"/> <definition value="Codes to indicate the the target population this reference range applies to. For example, a reference range may be based on the normal population or a particular sex, race, therapeutic status, or endocrine or reproductive status."/> <comments value="This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range. If this element is not present then the norma population is assumed."/> <requirements value="Need to be able to say what kind of reference range this is - normal, recommended, therapeutic, etc - for proper interpretation."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.meaning"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="example"/> <description value="Code for the meaning of a reference range."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-10?"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="interpretationCode"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.age"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.age"/> <short value="Applicable age range, if relevant"/> <definition value="The age at which this reference range is applicable. This is a neonatal age (e.g. number of weeks at term) if the meaning says so."/> <requirements value="Some analytes vary greatly over age."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.age"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Range"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="outboundRelationship[typeCode=PRCN].targetObservationCriterion[code="age"].value"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.referenceRange.text"> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.text"/> <short value="Text based reference range in an observation"/> <definition value="Text based reference range in an observation which may be used when a quantitative range is not appropriate for an observation. An example would be a reference value of "Negative" ; or a list or table of 'normals'."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.referenceRange.text"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mustSupport value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-7"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="value:ST"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.related"> <path value="Observation.related"/> <short value="Resource related to this observation"/> <definition value="A reference to another resource (usually another Observation) whose relationship is defined by the relationship type code."/> <comments value="For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together see [Notes below](observation.html#4.20.4)."/> <requirements value="Normally, an observation will have either a value or a set of related observations. A few observations (e.g. Apgar score) may have both a value and a set of related observations or sometimes QuestionnaireResponse from which the measure is derived."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Observation.related"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="BackboneElement"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="Relationships established by OBX-4 usage"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="outBoundRelationship"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.related.id"> <path value="Observation.related.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.related.extension"> <path value="Observation.related.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.related.modifierExtension"> <path value="Observation.related.modifierExtension"/> <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <alias value="modifiers"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="BackboneElement.modifierExtension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.related.type"> <path value="Observation.related.type"/> <short value="has-member | derived-from | sequel-to | replaces | qualified-by | interfered-by"/> <definition value="A code specifying the kind of relationship that exists with the target resource."/> <comments value=""derived-from" is only logical choice when referencing QuestionnaireAnswer resource."/> <requirements value="A relationship type SHOULD be provided."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.related.type"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="Codes specifying how two observations are related."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-relationshiptypes"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value=".typeCode"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.related.target"> <path value="Observation.related.target"/> <short value="Resource that is related to this one"/> <definition value="A reference to the observation or [[[QuestionnaireResponse]]] resource that is related to this observation."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.related.target"/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/QuestionnaireResponse"/> </type> <type> <code value="Reference"/> <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Sequence"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value=".targetObservation"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component"> <path value="Observation.component"/> <short value="Component results"/> <definition value="Some observations have multiple component observations. These component observations are expressed as separate code value pairs that share the same attributes. Examples include systolic and diastolic component observations for blood pressure measurement and multiple component observations for genetics observations."/> <comments value="For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together see [Notes](observation.h tml#notes) below."/> <requirements value="Component observations share the same attributes in the Observation resource as the primary observation and are always treated a part of a single observation (they are not separable). However, the reference range for the primary observation value is not inherited by the component values and is required when appropriate for each component observation."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Observation.component"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="BackboneElement"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="containment by OBX-4?"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="outBoundRelationship[typeCode=COMP]"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.id"> <path value="Observation.component.id"/> <representation value="xmlAttr"/> <short value="xml:id (or equivalent in JSON)"/> <definition value="unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Element.id"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.extension"> <path value="Observation.component.extension"/> <short value="Additional Content defined by implementations"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Element.extension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="n/a"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.modifierExtension"> <path value="Observation.component.modifierExtension"/> <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/> <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions."/> <comments value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/> <alias value="extensions"/> <alias value="user content"/> <alias value="modifiers"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="BackboneElement.modifierExtension"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <type> <code value="Extension"/> </type> <isModifier value="true"/> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.code"> <path value="Observation.component.code"/> <short value="Type of component observation (code / type)"/> <definition value="Describes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation "code"."/> <requirements value="Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation."/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.component.code"/> <min value="1"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <binding> <strength value="example"/> <description value="Codes identifying names of simple observations."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-3"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="code"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="w5"/> <map value="what"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.value[x]"> <path value="Observation.component.value[x]"/> <short value="Actual component result"/> <definition value="The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value."/> <comments value="Normally, an observation will have either a value or a set of related observations. A few observations (e.g. Apgar score) may have both a value and related observations (for an Apgar score, the observations from which the measure is derived). If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For boolean values use valueCodeableConcept and select codes from <http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/v2-0136> (These "yes/no" concepts can be mapped to the display name "true/false" or other mutually exclusive terms that may be needed"). The element, Observation.value[x], has a variable name depending on the type as follows: valueQuantity, valueCodeableConcept, valueRatio, valueChoice, valuePeriod, valueSampleData, or valueString (The name format is "'value' + the type name" with a capital on the first letter of the type)."/> <requirements value="An observation exists to have a value, though it may not if it is in error, or it represents a group of observations."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.component.value[x]"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="Quantity"/> </type> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <type> <code value="string"/> </type> <type> <code value="Range"/> </type> <type> <code value="Ratio"/> </type> <type> <code value="SampledData"/> </type> <type> <code value="Attachment"/> </type> <type> <code value="time"/> </type> <type> <code value="dateTime"/> </type> <type> <code value="Period"/> </type> <isSummary value="true"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX.2, OBX.5, OBX.6"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="value"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.dataAbsentReason"> <path value="Observation.component.dataAbsentReason"/> <short value="Why the component result is missing"/> <definition value="Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing."/> <comments value=""Null" or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "test not done". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for exceptional values."/> <requirements value="For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.component.dataAbsentReason"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <condition value="obs-6"/> <binding> <strength value="extensible"/> <description value="Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-valueabsentreason"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="N/A"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="value.nullFlavor"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.interpretation"> <path value="Observation.component.interpretation"/> <short value="High, low, normal, etc."/> <definition value="The assessment made based on the result of the observation. Intended as a simple compact code often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result. Otherwise known as abnormal flag."/> <comments value="The component interpretation is applies only to the indivual component value. For an overall interpretation all components together use Observation.interpretation element."/> <requirements value="For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result."/> <alias value="Abnormal Flag"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> <base> <path value="Observation.component.interpretation"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="1"/> </base> <type> <code value="CodeableConcept"/> </type> <binding> <strength value="extensible"/> <description value="Codes identifying interpretations of observations."/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX-8"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="interpretationCode"/> </mapping> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.component.referenceRange"> <path value="Observation.component.referenceRange"/> <short value="Provides guide for interpretation of component result"/> <definition value="Guidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range."/> <comments value="Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g. specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this may not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties."/> <requirements value="Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> <base> <path value="Observation.component.referenceRange"/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </base> <contentReference value="#Observation:headcircum.referenceRange"/> <mapping> <identity value="v2"/> <map value="OBX.7"/> </mapping> <mapping> <identity value="rim"/> <map value="outboundRelationship[typeCode=REFV]/target[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN]"/> </mapping> </element> </snapshot> <differential> <element id="Observation:headcircum"> <path value="Observation"/> <name value="HeadCircum"/> <short value="FHIR Head Circumference Profile"/> <definition value="This profile defines how to represent Head Circumference observations in FHIR using a standard LOINC code and UCUM units of measure."/> <min value="0"/> <max value="*"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code"> <path value="Observation.code"/> <short value="Head Circumference"/> <definition value="Head Circumference."/> <comments value="additional codes that translate or map to this code are allowed. For example a more granular LOINC code or code that is used locally in a system."/> <alias value="Test"/> <alias value="Name"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding"> <path value="Observation.code.coding"/> <slicing> <discriminator value="code"/> <ordered value="false"/> <rules value="open"/> </slicing> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode"> <path value="Observation.code.coding"/> <name value="HeadCircumCode"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.system"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.system"/> <type> <code value="uri"/> </type> <fixedUri value="http://loinc.org"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.code.coding:headcircumcode.code"> <path value="Observation.code.coding.code"/> <type> <code value="code"/> </type> <fixedCode value="9843-4"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity"/> </element> <element id="Observation:headcircum.valueQuantity.code"> <path value="Observation.valueQuantity.code"/> <binding> <strength value="required"/> <description value="Common UCUM units for Body Length measures such as Body Height and Head Circumference"/> <valueSetReference> <reference value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength"/> </valueSetReference> </binding> </element> </differential> </StructureDefinition>
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