Provenance of a resource is a record that describes entities and processes involved in producing and delivering or otherwise influencing that resource. Provenance provides a critical foundation for assessing authenticity, enabling trust, and allowing reproducibility. Provenance assertions are a form of contextual metadata and can themselves become important records with their own provenance. Provenance statement indicates clinical significance in terms of confidence in authenticity, reliability, and trustworthiness, integrity, and stage in lifecycle (e.g. Document Completion - has the artifact been legally authenticated), all of which may impact security, privacy, and trust policies.

Some parties may be duplicated between the target resource and its provenance. For instance, the prescriber is usually (but not always) the author of the prescription resource. This resource is defined with close consideration for W3C Provenance.

The Reference(s) that were generated or updated by the activity described in this resource. A provenance can point to more than one target if multiple resources were created/updated by the same activity.

Target references are usually version specific, but may not be, if a version has not been assigned or if the provenance information is part of the set of resources being maintained (i.e. a document). When using the RESTful API, the identity of the resource may not be known (especially not the version specific one); the client may either submit the resource first, and then the provenance, or it may submit both using a single transaction. See the notes on transaction for further discussion.

The period during which the activity occurred.

The period can be a little arbitrary; where possible, the time should correspond to human assessment of the activity time.

The instant of time at which the activity was recorded.

This can be a little different from the time stamp on the resource if there is a delay between recording the event and updating the provenance and target resource.

The reason that the activity was taking place.

An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.

Where the activity occurred, if relevant.

Policy or plan the activity was defined by. Typically, a single activity may have multiple applicable policy documents, such as patient consent, guarantor funding, etc.

For example: Where an OAuth token authorizes, the unique identifier from the OAuth token is placed into the policy element Where a policy engine (e.g. XACML) holds policy logic, the unique policy identifier is placed into the policy element.

An actor taking a role in an activity for which it can be assigned some degree of responsibility for the activity taking place.

An agent can be a person, an organization, software, device, or other entities that may be ascribed responsibility.

Several agents may be associated (i.e. has some responsibility for an activity) with an activity and vice-versa.

The function of the agent with respect to the activity.

For example, author, performer, enterer, attester, etc.

The individual, device or organization that participated in the event.

The identity of the agent as known by the authorization system.

A relationship between two the agents referenced in this resource. This is defined to allow for explicit description of the delegation between agents. For example, this human author used this device, or one person acted on another's behest.

The type of relationship between agents.

An internal reference to another agent listed in this provenance by its identifier.

The uri has the form #[id] where [id] is on another Provenance.agent in this same resource.

An entity used in this activity.

Multiple userIds may be associated with the same Practitioner or other individual across various appearances, each with distinct privileges.

How the entity was used during the activity.

The type of the entity. If the entity is a resource, then this is a resource type.

If the type is "resource" then the resource itself was the participant. If the type is a type of resource, then the entity identified by the resource is the participant.

Identity of the Entity used. May be a logical or physical uri and maybe absolute or relative.

Identity may be a reference to a resource or to something else, depending on the type.

Human-readable description of the entity.

The entity is attributed to an agent to express the agent's responsibility for that entity, possibly along with other agents. This description can be understood as shorthand for saying that the agent was responsible for the activity which generated the entity.

Provenance.entity.agent is used in cases where the Entity that was used in the creation/updating of the Target, is not in the context of the same custodianship as the Target, and thus the meaning of Provenance.entity.agent is to say that the entity referenced is managed elsewhere and that this Agent provided access to it. This would be similar to where the Entity being referenced is managed outside FHIR, such as through HL7 v2, v3, or XDS. This might be where the Entity being referenced is managed in another FHIR resource server. Thus it explains the Provenance of that Entity's use in the context of this Provenance activity.

A digital signature on the target Reference(s). The signer should match a Provenance.agent. The purpose of the signature is indicated.